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Flavonoid glycoside. Responsible for the bitterness of grapefruit.
Naringin is a flavonoid glycoside predominantly found in citrus fruits such as grapefruit and oranges. It is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer properties.
-Antioxidant Activity
-Induction of Apoptosis
-Cell Cycle Arrest (often G1 or G2/M)
-Anti-inflammatory Effects
-**a natural bioenhancer and reported to enhance the bioavailability of drugs by inhibiting cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)
-Usually paired with other bioflavonoids such as quercetin, hesperidin and rutin.
-Mainly obtained from grapefruit
-Including enhanced solubility, improved bioavailability and targeted delivery.
-Antioxidant
-Inhibition of CYP19. Naringin suppresses the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway
-Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, NF-ĸB, and TGF-β pathways
-Up-regulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibition of gluconeogenesis
-Antioxidant effects, by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD)
-Naringenin can reduce carcinogenesis through pleiotropic processes such as antioxidative, apoptotic-inducing ROS generation, and cell cycle arrest
-Revealed new mechanisms underlying the hypolipidemic effects of naringin and naringenin, including regulation of lipid digestion, reverse cholesterol transport, and low-density lipoprotein receptor expression
-Low bioavailability (approximately 8.8%) when administered orally