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Polyphenols found in cranberry, blueberry, and grape seeds.

Proanthocyanidin B2 (PB2) is a type of dimer flavonoid that is found in grape seed, pine bark, wine, and tea leaves [17]. PB2 has been shown to possess various bioactivities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-obesity activities, and it has also shown efficacy in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, ulcerative colitis, as well as acute liver injury. PKM2 is the target of proanthocyanidin B2

PB2 also suppressed glucose uptake and lactate levels via the direct inhibition of the key glycolytic enzyme, PKM2.




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