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Methotrexate is a chemotherapy medication that has been used to treat various types of cancer.
Methotrexate works by:
Inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR): Methotrexate binds to DHFR, an enzyme that is necessary for the production of tetrahydrofolate, a co-factor for DNA synthesis.
Interfering with DNA synthesis: By inhibiting DHFR, methotrexate prevents the production of tetrahydrofolate, which is necessary for DNA synthesis.
Inducing apoptosis: Methotrexate can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells.