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Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a metabolic modulator that targets the altered metabolic state of cancer cells by inhibiting PDKs. This action impacts several key pathways:
• Reversal of the Warburg effect
• Restoration of mitochondrial function and promotion of apoptosis
• suppresses glycolysis and promotes oxidative phosphorylation, thereby increasing mitochondrial ROS-mediated apoptosis in tumor cells
• Increase in ROS production leading to oxidative stress
• Inhibition of cell cycle progression
• Modulation of HIF-1α signaling: DCA might decrease HIF-1α stabilization, thereby reducing the expression of genes that support glycolysis, angiogenesis, and survival under low-oxygen conditions.
-DCA has been primarily used in treating congenital lactic acidosis—a rare genetic disorder characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the body.
-DCA is an anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering drug, as well as treating myocardial and cerebrovascular ischemia.
Dose: 10mg/kg/day and increase slowly to about 25mg/kg/day:(1/2morn,1/2evening) take 5 days on, 2 off? OR 2wks on/ 1wk off: https://www.thedcasite.com/dca_dosage.html
Done by mixing it in water and drinking, suggested that DCA not be taken on an empty stomach.
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DCA-induced apoptosis in cancer cells requires sodium-coupled monocarboxylates transporter SLC5A8 (SMCT1)
-Inhibitors of DNA methylation induce reactivation of SLC5A8
-Procaine is a DNA-demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells.
-SMCT1 was found to be stimulated by some other NSAIDs (diclofenac, meclofenamate and sulindac), by activin A143 and by the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum.
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GSTZ1 an/or chloride anion transport inhibitors also reduce resistance to DCA
(if the tumor expresses GSTZ1 and contains a high chloride anions level, the GSTZ1 will be stable, maintaining the resistance to DCA).