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Urea is a small, organic molecule (chemical formula: CO(NH₂)₂) that is the primary nitrogen-containing waste product in mammals. It is produced in the liver through the urea cycle, a metabolic pathway that converts toxic ammonia (a byproduct of protein metabolism) into urea, which is then excreted in urine by the kidneys.
-Urea can act as a solubilizing agent for certain drugs, especially those that might benefit from improved solubility in aqueous environments.
-Presence of urea (as a carrier) increased the aqueous solubility of capsaicin by 3.6-fold compared to pure capsaicin
-Urea disrupts the hydrogen bonding within the water molecules which allows hydrophobic solutes to become solvated in water
-In dermatology, urea is commonly present in creams, lotions, and ointments not only for its moisturizing effects but also for its ability to enhance the absorption of other therapeutic agents.