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"Anthocyanins are a class of water‐soluble flavonoids, which show a range of pharmacological effects, such as prevention of cardiovascular disease, obesity control and antitumour activity. Their potential antitumour effects are reported to be based on a wide variety of biological activities including antioxidant; anti‐inflammation; anti‐mutagenesis; induction of differentiation; inhibiting proliferation by modulating signal transduction pathways, inducing cell cycle arrest and stimulating apoptosis or autophagy of cancer cells; anti‐invasion; anti‐metastasis; reversing drug resistance of cancer cells and increasing their sensitivity to chemotherapy."
• Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoid pigments responsible for the red, purple, and blue hues in many fruits, vegetables, and flowers (e.g., berries, red grapes, and eggplants).
• Anthocyanins can effectively scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, thereby protecting cellular components like DNA, lipids, and proteins from oxidative damage—a factor linked to carcinogenesis.
• Their antioxidant capacity helps in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can otherwise promote mutations and tumor initiation.
• Anthocyanins have been shown to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) and enzymes (e.g., COX-2), reducing the inflammatory signals associated with cancer progression.
• They may modulate pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, contributing to the downregulation of genes involved in survival and proliferation of cancer cells.
• Anthocyanins have been found to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) essential for tumor growth and metastatic spread.




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