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Bifidobacterium has been associated with improved responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti–PD-L1 antibodies. The suggested mechanisms include:
-Enhancing dendritic cell function.
-Promoting the activation and proliferation of T cells.
-Modulating cytokine profiles in a way that favors anti-tumor immunity.
Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract.
Here are several notable species:
Bifidobacterium longum
Often found in the human gastrointestinal tract, B. longum has been extensively studied for its role in modulating the immune system and improving gut barrier function.
Bifidobacterium breve
Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, B. breve is used in many probiotic formulations and has been researched for its potential to alleviate gastrointestinal disorders, which may indirectly support cancer patients.
Bifidobacterium bifidum
This species is a common member of the gut microbiota and plays a role in maintaining mucosal integrity and immune modulation.
Bifidobacterium infantis
Commonly found in the intestines of breast-fed infants, B. infantis is studied for its beneficial effects on gut health and its potential to modulate immune responses.
Bifidobacterium animalis (including subspecies such as B. animalis subsp. lactis).
Widely incorporated into commercial probiotic products, this species has been researched for its role in digestive health, and emerging studies suggest potential benefits in the context of systemic health, including immune regulation.