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Capsaicin is a chemical compound that gives chili peppers their spicy flavor and heat.
Biological activity, capsaicin has been reported to exhibit a range of effects, including:
Pain relief: 10-50 μM
Anti-inflammatory activity: 20-50 μM
Antioxidant activity: 10-100 μM
Anti-cancer activity: 50-100 μM
Cardiovascular health: 20-50 μM
Approximate μM concentrations of capsaicin, the active compound in chili peppers, that can be achieved with different amounts of chili peppers:
1 teaspoon of dried chili pepper flakes (5g):~10-50 μM of capsaicin
1 tablespoon of dried chili pepper flakes (15g): ~30-150 μM of capsaicin
1 cup of fresh chili peppers (100g): ~100-500 μM of capsaicin
1 teaspoon of chili pepper extract (5g): ~100-500 μM of capsaicin
1 tablespoon of chili pepper extract (15g): ~300-1500 μM of capsaicin
Approximate μM concentrations of capsaicin in various foods that contain capsaicin:
Jalapeño peppers: 1 pepper (20g): ~20-100 μM of capsaicin 2–8 mg/100g of fresh Jalapeño
Serrano peppers: 1 pepper (10g): ~10-50 μM of capsaicin 5–15 mg/100g
Cayenne peppers: 1 pepper (10g): ~50-200 μM of capsaicin
Habanero peppers: 1 pepper (20g): ~100-500 μM of capsaicin 15–30 mg/100g
Ghost peppers: 1 pepper (20g): ~200-1000 μM of capsaicin
Hot sauce: 1 teaspoon (5g): ~10-50 μM of capsaicin
Chili flakes: 1 teaspoon (5g): ~10-50 μM of capsaicin
Spicy sauces and marinades: 1 tablespoon (15g): ~10-50 μM of capsaicin
Cayenne Pepper Powder – Approximate capsaicin content: roughly 5–20 mg/g (15-30g human for 100uM?)
-IC50 in Cancer Cell Lines: Approximately 50–300 µM (consume 150mg of capsaican not possible?)
-IC50 in Normal Cell Lines: Generally higher—often 2–3 times greater
Pathways:
-disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cytochrome c release and subsequent activation of caspases
-Activation of TRPV1: resulting in increased intracellular calcium levels
-capsaicin can lead to increased production of ROS within cancer cells
-Inhibition of NF-κB
-Inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling
-STAT3 Inhibition
-Cell Cycle Arrest
-reduce the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
-COX-2