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Hydroxycinnamic acid compounds (p-coumaric, caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid) occur most frequently as simple esters with hydroxy carboxylic acids or glucose, while the hydroxybenzoic acid compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic, gallic acid, ellagic acid) are present mainly in the form of glucosides. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/hydroxycinnamic-acid
-Ferulic acid and p‐coumaric acid are naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acids found in many plant-based foods (such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables)
CA showed pro-oxidant potential due to its ability to interact with metals like copper, inducing lipid peroxidation and causing DNA damage within tumor cells through either oxidation or covalent adduct formation.
Summary:
-Such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid (SA)
-Increase sensitivity to chemotherapy
-Bioavailability is problem. Use liposome (phospholipid vesicles) or encapsulation
-Propolis has caffeic acid (Caffeic acid (0.639–4.172 mg/g propolis)
-SA at higher concentrations acts as a potent pro-oxidant agent
-SA acts in collaboration with other chemotherapeutic agents to improve treatment sensitivity.
-Improve capacity of CA and CAPE in cancer suppression, it has been co-administered with other anti-tumor compounds such as gallic acid
-Combination of caffeic acid and endogenous copper ions can result in oxidative damage
-Ferulic Acid (popcorn): upregulate apoptotic protein and downregulate anti-apoptotic protein.upregulating (BAX), (p53), (CYCS) and downregulating (Bcl-2),