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| TGF-β1 is one of three TGF-β ligands (β1, β2, β3) that initiate the TGF-β signaling cascade. In the context of cancer, TGF-β1 plays a dual role: Tumor Suppressor in Early Stages: In normal and early-stage tumor cells, TGF-β1 typically inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and maintains tissue homeostasis. Tumor Promoter in Advanced Stages: As cancer progresses, TGF-β1 often promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enhances invasiveness, contributes to immune evasion, and fosters a pro-metastatic microenvironment. Role in Early Tumorigenesis: Acts as a tumor suppressor via growth arrest and apoptosis. Role in Advanced Cancers: Promotes EMT, invasion, metastasis, and immune suppression. Expression in Cancer Types: Increased in advanced/ aggressive tumors in many cancer types. Prognostic Implications Elevated TGF-β1: associated with poor prognosis in several cancers due to its pro-tumorigenic functions. Therapeutic Targeting Blocking TGF-β1 activity (via antibodies or ligand traps) to reduce its tumor-promoting actions. |
| 5444- | AG, | A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2694- | BBR, | Berberine down-regulates IL-8 expression through inhibition of the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway in triple-negative breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | NA |
| 7046- | GA, | Gallic acid: A promising anti-non-small cell lung cancer compound targeting early growth response protein-1 for apoptosis and ferroptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | NSCLC, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | NSCLC, | H1299 |
| 8007- | JG, | Juglone reduces growth and migration of U251 glioblastoma cells and disrupts angiogenesis |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U251 |
| 8378- | LT, | Luteolin and its derivatives: modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fibrosis and cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4926- | PEITC, | PEITC inhibits the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells by blocking TGF-β-induced EMT |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SW48 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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