| Mitochondrial Complex II - Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex
Abbreviation: Complex II, CII, SDH
Components: SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD
Type: Mitochondrial electron transport chain complex / TCA cycle enzyme
Function: Mitochondrial Complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with the electron transport chain. It oxidizes succinate to fumarate while transferring electrons through FAD and iron-sulfur centers to ubiquinone. Complex II contributes to mitochondrial respiration, cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species regulation, and control of intracellular succinate levels.
Cancer: ↕ Context-dependent. Loss or inactivation of SDH/Complex II can promote tumorigenesis through accumulation of the oncometabolite succinate, inhibition of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, epigenetic dysregulation, and stabilization of pseudohypoxic signaling. SDH-deficient tumors include subsets of paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and renal cell carcinoma. Conversely, increased Complex II activity can support oxidative phosphorylation and tumor-cell metabolism in some cancers.
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