LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ Cancer Research Results

LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ, ratio of LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: marker
The ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I is often used as a marker for autophagy, a cellular process in which cells recycle their damaged or dysfunctional components. In cancer, autophagy can play a complex role, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio can be used to assess autophagic activity.
Many cancers, have an increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio indicating enhanced autophagy, which can support tumor cell survival, especially under stress conditions (e.g., nutrient deprivation, hypoxia). This is often associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance.
Cell Survival: Increased autophagy, as indicated by a higher LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, can help cancer cells survive in adverse conditions, contributing to tumor growth and metastasis.
Therapeutic Resistance: Elevated autophagy can lead to resistance against chemotherapy and targeted therapies, as cancer cells may utilize autophagy to survive treatment-induced stress.
Metabolic Adaptation: Autophagy allows cancer cells to adapt to metabolic stress by recycling cellular components, which can support continued proliferation and survival.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5271- 3BP,    The anticancer agent 3-bromopyruvate: a simple but powerful molecule taken from the lab to the bedside
- Review, Var, NA
selectivity↑, selectivity↑, ATP↓, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, mt-OXPHOS↓, GAPDH↓, mtDam↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, ER Stress↑, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, p62↓, Akt↓, HDAC↓, TumCA↑, Bcl-2↓, cMyc↓, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, Mcl-1↓, PARP↓, ChemoSen↑,
1069- AL,    Allicin promotes autophagy and ferroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating AMPK/mTOR signaling
- vitro+vivo, ESCC, TE1 - vitro+vivo, ESCC, KYSE-510 - in-vitro, Nor, Het-1A
TumCP↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, p62↓, p‑AMPK↑, mTOR↓, TumAuto↑, NCOA4↑, MDA↑, Iron↑, TumW↓, TumVol↓, ATG5↑, ATG7↑, TfR1/CD71↓, FTH1↓, ROS↑, Iron↑, Ferroptosis↑, *toxicity↓,
5838- CAP,    Capsaicin Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
- in-vitro, NPC, NA
TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, TumAuto↑, Casp3↑, Ca+2↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, ATG5↑, p62↓, Fap1↓, PI3K↓, DNAdam↑,
6653- Cen,    Antitumor Activity of Asiaticoside Against Multiple Myeloma Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells Is Mediated by Autophagy Induction, Activation of Effector Caspases, and Inhibition of Cell Migration, Invasion, and STAT-3 Signaling Pathway
- in-vitro, Melanoma, KM3/BTZ
TumCG↓, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, Casp↑, ROS↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, STAT3↓,
1585- Citrate,    Sodium citrate targeting Ca2+/CAMKK2 pathway exhibits anti-tumor activity through inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis in ovarian cancer
- in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3 - in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
Apoptosis↑, Ferroptosis↑, Ca+2↓, CaMKII ↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Hif1a↓, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, Pyruv↓, GLUT1↓, HK2↓, PFKP↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, Iron↑, lipid-P↑, MDA↑, ROS↑, H2O2↑, mtDam↑, GSH↓, GPx↓, GPx4↓, NADPH/NADP+↓, eff↓, FTH1↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, NCOA4↑, eff↓, TumCG↓,
1580- Citrate,    Citrate activates autophagic death of prostate cancer cells via downregulation CaMKII/AKT/mTOR pathway
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vivo, PC, NA - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, WPMY-1
Apoptosis↑, Ca+2↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, selectivity↑, TumCP↓, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, p62↓, ATG5↑, ATG7↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, TumAuto↑, CaMKII ↓,
471- CUR,    Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death and protective autophagy by inhibiting AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in human ovarian cancer cells
- in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3 - in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S
Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, p62↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, p‑P70S6K↓, Casp9↑, PARP↑, ATG3↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑,
477- CUR,    Curcumin induces G2/M arrest and triggers autophagy, ROS generation and cell senescence in cervical cancer cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, SiHa
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDC25↓, ROS↑, p62↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, P53↑, P21↑,
435- CUR,    Antitumor activity of curcumin by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy in human lung cancer A549 cells through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, p62↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓,
1970- GamB,    Gambogic acid-induced autophagy in nonsmall cell lung cancer NCI-H441 cells through a reactive oxygen species pathway
- NA, Lung, NCI-H441
TumCG↓, TumAuto↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, ROS↑, eff↓,
7321- Gos,    The potential roles of gossypol as anticancer agent: advances and future directions
- Review, Var, NA
other↝, BioAv↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, MOMP↑, ROS↑, ATP↓, mtDam↑, Apoptosis↑, hTERT/TERT↓, Akt↓, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, NRF2↓, ARE↓, ICAM-1↓, CX43/GJA1↓, NF-kB↓, TLR4↓, IL6↓, Inflam↓, CUL5↝, CUL1↝, NOXA↑, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, TumCA↓, FAK↓, MDM2↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, HLA-I/II↑, Imm↑, Dose↝, Glycolysis↓, OXPHOS↓,
1627- HCA,  CRMs,  Sper,    Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance
- Review, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, eff↑, ACLY↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, TumAuto↑, other↓,
7775- IBC,    Isobavachalcone Induces Multiple Cell Death in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells
- vitro+vivo, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, Necroptosis↑, TumAuto↑, Akt↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑, RIP3↑, p‑RIP3↑, MLKL↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, mtDam↑, ATP↓, ROS↑, TumCG↓,
8235- LCA,    Anticancer effects of licochalcones: A review of the mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
mt-Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, TumCMig↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, ATG5↑, ATG7↑, p62↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑, ER Stress↑, UPR↑, ATG3↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, ATG16L1↑, PERK↑, ATF4↑, ATP↓, Hif1a↓, GLUT1↓, PDK1 / PDPK1↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, BAD↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, survivin↓, EGFR↓, ERK↓, Akt↓, mtDam↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, MDM2↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDC2↓, CDC25↓, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Sp1/3/4↓, MMP-10↓, MMP3↓, TumCI↓, Imm↑, PD-L1↓, ROS↑, 4E-BP1↓, eIF2α↓, PI3K↓, mTOR↓, p‑cMET↑, Ca+2↑, RUBCN↓, ATG13↑, TSC1↑, TSC2↑, PRAS40↑, PP2A↑, ULK1/ATG1↑, THEM4/CTMP↑, DR5↑, Fas↑, TNFRSF25/DR3/APO3/LARD/TRAMP/WSL1↑, PKCδ↓, P70S6K↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, HK2↓, Glycolysis↓, TrxR1↓, APAF1↑, cl‑PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, ABCG2↓, BioEnh↑,
8236- LE,    Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)-Derived Phytochemicals Target Multiple Signaling Pathways to Confer Oncopreventive and Oncotherapeutic Effects
- Review, Var, NA
Bcl-2↓, CDK2↓, PI3K↓, cJun↓, mTOR↓, NF-kB↓, VEGF↓, MMP3↓, toxicity↓, Dose↑, chemoP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, Dose↝, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *iNOS↓, *IL6↓, *IL10↓, *PGE2↓, *IκB?, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *lipid-P↓, *ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *SOD↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, cycE/CCNE↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, PI3K↓, MKK4↓, MKK7↓, HSP90↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, p62↓, p‑Akt↓, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑Casp7↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, P53↑, STAT3↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, N-cadherin↓, CD31/PECAM-1↓, Hif1a↓, iNOS↓, DNAdam↑, MMP↓, BIM↑, APAF1↑, PCNA↓, toxicity↝, eff↑,
2076- PB,    Sodium Butyrate Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Colorectal Cells: Implications for Apoptosis
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, CRC, HT29
TumCP↓, TumAuto↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑, BID↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑, PDI↑, IRE1↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, LC3B↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, other↝, other↝,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 16 of 16

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 16

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

ATG13↑, 1,   ATG16L1↑, 1,   CUL1↝, 1,   CUL5↝, 1,   CX43/GJA1↓, 1,   HLA-I/II↑, 1,   RUBCN↓, 1,   THEM4/CTMP↑, 1,   TNFRSF25/DR3/APO3/LARD/TRAMP/WSL1↑, 1,   ULK1/ATG1↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

ARE↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx4↓, 1,   GSH↓, 2,   H2O2↑, 1,   Iron↑, 3,   lipid-P↑, 1,   MDA↑, 2,   NADPH/NADP+↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   OXPHOS↓, 1,   mt-OXPHOS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 12,   TrxR1↓, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

FTH1↓, 2,   NCOA4↑, 2,   TfR1/CD71↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↓, 4,   CDC2↓, 1,   CDC25↓, 2,   MKK4↓, 1,   MKK7↓, 1,   MMP↓, 3,   mtDam↑, 5,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ACLY↓, 1,   p‑AMPK↑, 1,   ATG7↑, 3,   cMyc↓, 1,   GAPDH↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 4,   HK2↓, 3,   lactateProd↓, 1,   PDK1 / PDPK1↓, 1,   PFKP↓, 1,   Pyruv↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 7,   p‑Akt↓, 4,   APAF1↑, 2,   Apoptosis↑, 9,   mt-Apoptosis↑, 1,   BAD↑, 1,   BAX↑, 4,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 5,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   BID↑, 1,   BIM↑, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp3↑, 5,   cl‑Casp3↑, 4,   cl‑Casp7↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 3,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 4,   DR5↑, 1,   Fap1↓, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   MDM2↓, 2,   MLKL↑, 1,   MOMP↑, 1,   Necroptosis↑, 1,   NOXA↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

CaMKII ↓, 2,   Sp1/3/4↓, 1,   TSC2↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

cJun↓, 1,   other↓, 1,   other↝, 3,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↑, 2,   eIF2α↓, 1,   ER Stress↑, 3,   HSP90↓, 1,   IRE1↓, 1,   PERK↑, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

ATG3↑, 2,   ATG5↑, 4,   Beclin-1/ATG6↑, 7,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 16,   LC3B↑, 1,   p62↓, 7,   p62↑, 2,   TumAuto↑, 14,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 2,   P53↑, 2,   PARP↓, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 4,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 2,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 4,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

4E-BP1↓, 1,   p‑cMET↑, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 6,   p‑mTOR↓, 3,   P70S6K↓, 1,   p‑P70S6K↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 5,   STAT3↓, 2,   TumCG↓, 5,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↓, 2,   Ca+2↑, 2,   CD31/PECAM-1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   MMP-10↓, 1,   MMP3↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   RIP3↑, 1,   p‑RIP3↑, 1,   TSC1↑, 1,   TumCA↓, 1,   TumCA↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 3,   TumCMig↓, 3,   TumCP↓, 7,   Vim↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   ATF4↑, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 4,   PDI↑, 1,   VEGF↓, 3,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

ICAM-1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Imm↑, 2,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 2,   PD-L1↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

PP2A↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ABCG2↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   BioEnh↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 3,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↓, 3,   eff↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 3,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

EGFR↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

chemoP↑, 1,   PRAS40↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,   TumW↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 178

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

iNOS↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   IL10↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   IκB?, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

toxicity↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 17

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ, ratio of LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ
3 Curcumin
2 Citric Acid
1 3-bromopyruvate
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Capsaicin
1 Centella asiatica / Gotu kola → asiaticoside
1 Gambogic Acid
1 Gossypol/AT-101
1 HydroxyCitric Acid
1 Calorie Restriction Mimetics
1 Spermidine
1 Isobavachalcone
1 Licochalcone A
1 Licorice
1 Phenylbutyrate
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:0  prod#:%  Target#:685  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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