LDH Cancer Research Results

LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
LDH is a general term that refers to the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate. LDH is a tetrameric enzyme, meaning it is composed of four subunits.
LDH refers to the enzyme as a whole, while LDHA specifically refers to the M subunit. Elevated LDHA levels are often associated with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor behavior, similar to elevated LDH levels.
leakage of LDH is a well-known indicator of cell membrane integrity and cell viability [35]. LDH leakage results from the breakdown of the plasma membrane and alterations in membrane permeability, and is widely used as a cytotoxicity endpoint.

However, it's worth noting that some studies have shown that LDHA is a more specific and sensitive biomarker for cancer than total LDH, as it is more closely associated with the Warburg effect and cancer metabolism.

Dysregulated LDH activity contributes significantly to cancer development, promoting the Warburg effect (Chen et al., 2007), which involves increased glucose uptake and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen, to meet the energy demands of rapidly proliferating cancer cells (Warburg and Minami, 1923; Dai et al., 2016b). LDHA overexpression favors pyruvate to lactate conversion, leading to tumor microenvironment acidification and aiding cancer progression and metastasis.

Inhibitors:
Flavonoids, a group of polyphenols abundant in fruit, vegetables, and medicinal plants, function as LDH inhibitors.
LDH is used as a clinical biomarker for Synthetic liver function, nutrition

Tier A — Direct LDH Enzyme Inhibitors (Validated Catalytic Inhibition)

Rank Compound Type LDH Target Potency Level Primary Effect Notes
1 NCI-006 Research drug LDHA / LDHB High (in vivo active) Potent glycolysis suppression Modern benchmark LDH inhibitor used in metabolic oncology models.
2 (R)-GNE-140 Research drug LDHA (±LDHB) High (nM range reported) Lactate production ↓ Widely used experimental LDH inhibitor.
3 FX11 Research drug LDHA High (μM range) Metabolic crisis in LDHA-dependent tumors Classic LDHA inhibitor; often increases ROS secondary to metabolic stress.
4 Oxamate Tool compound LDH (pyruvate-competitive) Moderate (mM cellular use) Reduces lactate flux Classical LDH inhibitor; requires high concentrations in cells.
5 Gossypol Natural product derivative LDHA Moderate–High Glycolysis inhibition Also has other targets; safety considerations apply.
6 Galloflavin Natural compound LDH isoforms Moderate Lactate production ↓ One of the better-supported “natural-like” LDH inhibitors.

Tier B — Indirect LDH-Axis Modulators (Glycolysis / Lactate Reduction Without Confirmed Direct Catalytic Inhibition)

Rank Compound Mechanism Type LDH Claim Type Primary Axis Notes / Caution
1 Lonidamine MCT/MPC modulation Lactate axis inhibition Metabolic transport blockade Better classified as lactate/pyruvate transport modulator.
2 Stiripentol Repurposed drug LDH pathway modulation Metabolic axis modulation Emerging oncology interest; primarily neurological drug.
3 Quercetin Flavonoid Reported LDH inhibition (mixed evidence) NF-κB / PI3K modulation Often LDH-release confusion; direct enzymatic proof limited.
4 Ursolic acid Triterpenoid Reported LDH interaction Warburg modulation More credible as metabolic signaling modulator.
5 Fisetin Flavonoid Docking / indirect reports Apoptosis / survival signaling Enzyme inhibition not well validated.
6 Resveratrol Polyphenol Indirect glycolysis suppression AMPK / HIF-1α modulation Reduces lactate via upstream signaling.
7 Curcumin Polyphenol Indirect LDH expression modulation Inflammation + metabolic signaling Bioavailability limits translational strength.
8 Berberine Alkaloid Indirect metabolic modulation AMPK activation Closer to metformin-like metabolic pressure.
9 Honokiol Lignan Indirect glycolysis effects Survival pathway suppression Not validated as catalytic LDH inhibitor.
10 Silibinin Flavonolignan Mixed / indirect reports Inflammation + metabolic axis Often misclassified as LDH inhibitor.
11 Kaempferol Flavonoid Often LDH-release marker confusion Glucose transport / signaling Do not list as direct LDH inhibitor without enzyme data.
12 Oleanolic acid / Limonin / Allicin / Taurine Natural compounds Weak / indirect evidence General metabolic modulation Should not be categorized as true LDH inhibitors.

Tier A = Direct catalytic LDH inhibition (enzyme-level validation).
Tier B = Indirect lactate reduction or glycolytic modulation without strong catalytic inhibition evidence.
Important: LDH release assays (cell damage marker) are not proof of LDH enzymatic inhibition.



Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3970- ACNs,    Anthocyanin-rich blueberry extracts and anthocyanin metabolite protocatechuic acid promote autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviate neurons damage in in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *neuroP↑,
4395- AgNPs,    Hepatoprotective effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Rhizophora apiculata
- in-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*hepatoP↑, *LDH↓,
2656- AL,    Allicin Protects PC12 Cells Against 6-OHDA-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics
- in-vitro, Park, PC12
*antiOx↑, *Apoptosis↓, *LDH↓, ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *mtDam↓, *MMP↓, *Cyt‑c↓, *ATP∅, *Ca+2↝, *neuroP↑,
2660- AL,    Allicin: A review of its important pharmacological activities
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *hepatoP↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↝, *H2S↑, *BP↓, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *GutMicro↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, *other↑, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *NF-kB↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *PGE2↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *MPO↓, *Synergy↑, *NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *TBARS↓, *creat↓, *LDH↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *memory↑, chemoP↑, IL8↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↑, p38↑, Fas↑, P53↑, P21↑, CHK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, GSH↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Hif1a↓, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TumCMig↓, STAT3↓, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, p‑FAK↓,
3451- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates H2O2-induced human vein endothelial cells injury via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*LDH↓, *NOX4↓, *NF-kB↓, *iNOS↓, *VCAM-1↓, *ICAM-1↓, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑,
6403- ANE,    Anti-inflammatory effects of trans-anethole in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*LDH↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *BP↓,
3675- Ash,    Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Reverses β-Amyloid1-42 Induced Toxicity in Human Neuronal Cells: Implications in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*memory↑, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *PPARγ↑, *cognitive↑,
2760- BetA,    A Review on Preparation of Betulinic Acid and Its Biological Activities
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
AntiTum↑, Cyt‑c↑, Smad1↑, Sepsis↓, NF-kB↓, ICAM-1↓, MCP1/CCL2↓, MMP9↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, PGE2↓, ERK↓, p‑Akt↓, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *hepatoP↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *α-SMA↓,
2771- BetA,    Cardioprotective Effect of Betulinic Acid on Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats
- in-vivo, Nor, NA - in-vivo, Stroke, NA
*cardioP↑, *LDH↓, eff↑,
5887- CAR,  TV,    Antitumor Effects of Carvacrol and Thymol: A Systematic Review
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↓, TumCP↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, eff↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, AXL↓, MDA↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, p‑JNK↑, BAX↑, MDA↓, TRPM7↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, cl‑PARP↑, ROS↑, CDK4↓, P21↑, F-actin↓, GSH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *GSH↑, *lipid-P↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, DNAdam↑, AFP↓, VEGF↓, Weight↑, *chemoP↑, ROS↑,
5888- CAR,    Therapeutic application of carvacrol: A comprehensive review
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Park, NA
*antiOx↑, *AntiCan↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *cardioP↑, *Obesity↓, *hepatoP↑, *AntiAg↑, *Bacteria↓, *Imm↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Apoptosis↓, MMP↓, ERK↓, PI3K↓, ALAT↓, *ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *AST↓, *LDH↓, *necrosis↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, CDK4↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, NOTCH↓, IL6↓, chemoP↑, *Pain↓, *neuroP↑, *TRPM7↓, *motorD↑, *NF-kB↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *MDA↓,
5909- CAR,    Potential preventive effect of carvacrol against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats
- in-vivo, HCC, NA
*AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *hepatoP↑, *lipid-P↓,
5894- CAR,    Targeting Gastrointestinal Cancers with Carvacrol: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, Inflam↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, selectivity↑, BioAv↑, ChemoSen↑, Dose↝, TumCP↓, hepatoP↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, BAX↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, Cyt‑c↑, Fas↑, FADD↑, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, TumMeta↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, E-cadherin↑, TIMP2↑, TIMP3↑, N-cadherin↓, ZEB2↓, *lipid-P↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, selectivity↑, cl‑PARP↑, ERK↓, p38↑, OS↑, AFP↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, VEGF↓, PCNA↓, Ki-67↓, TNF-α↓, BioAv↓,
6660- Cen,    Hepatoprotective effect of Centella asiatica 50% ethanol extract against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in BALB/c mice
- in-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*hepatoP↑, *NO↓, *lipid-P↓, *IL1β↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *LDH↓, GSH↑, MDA↓,
6656- Cen,    Recent insights into therapeutic potential and nanostructured carrier systems of Centella asiatica: An evidence-based review
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
AntiCan↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *Inflam↓, *hepatoP↑, *AntiAge↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *LDH↓, *lipid-P↓, Casp3↑, *memory↑, *Wound Healing↑, eff↑,
6018- CGA,    Chlorogenic acid: a review on its mechanisms of anti-inflammation, disease treatment, and related delivery systems
- Review, Var, NA - Review, RCC, NA
*BioAv↓, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *NO↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *PGE2↓, *NF-kB↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *TLR2↓, *MAPK↓, *NRF2↓, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *cognitive↑, *eff↑,
6002- CGA,    Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *AMPK↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *glucose↓, *TRPC1↓, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NF-kB↓, *PPARα↝, *Hif1a↓, *JNK↓, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *hepatoP↑, *TLR4↓, *NRF2↑, *Casp↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *Stroke↓, EMT↝, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, mtDam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCG↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, CDK2↓, mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, PCNA↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, OS↑,
2818- CUR,    Novel Insight to Neuroprotective Potential of Curcumin: A Mechanistic Review of Possible Involvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and PI3/Akt/ GSK3 or PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathways
- Review, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *cognitive↑, *cardioP↑, other↑, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, *PGE2↓, *iNOS↓, *NO↓, *IL2↓, *IL4↓, *IL6↓, *INF-γ↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *STAT↓, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *GSR↓, *LDH↓, *H2O2↓, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *NRF2↑, *AIF↓, *ATP↑,
1516- EGCG,    Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): Pharmacological Properties, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Var, NA
*Dose∅, *Half-Life∅, *BioAv∅, *BBB↑, *toxicity∅, eff↓, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑PARP↑, DNMTs↓, Telomerase↓, angioG↓, Hif1a↓, NF-kB↓, MMPs↓, BAX↑, Bak↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, P53↑, PTEN↑, IGF-1↓, H3↓, HDAC1↓, *LDH↓, *ROS↓,
2901- HNK,  doxoR,    Honokiol protects against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity via improving mitochondrial function in mouse hearts
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*mitResp↑, *PPARγ↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑, *SOD2↑, *LDH↓,
7759- ISL,  Rad,    Isoliquiritigenin, a Bioactive Blood Component Derived from Licorice, Activates Nrf2 Enzymes to Confer Protection Against Radiation-Induced Nerve Injury
- vitro+vivo, Nor, PC12
*radioP↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *SOD1↑, *GSH↑, *TAC↑, *NRF2↓, *cognitive↑, *Learn↑, *memory↑,
9066- L-THE,    Chemoprotective effect of theanine in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in rats via suppression of inflammatory parameters
- in-vivo, CRC, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, Dose↝, Weight↑, TumVol↓, PGE2↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, MPO↓, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *GSR↑, *LDH↓, *CEA↓, *MAPK↓, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *Casp8↓, chemoP↑,
8158- lamb,    Effect of Pinus koraiensis leaf extract on fatigue reduction and exercise performance: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Trial, Nor, NA
*Strength↑, *lactateProd↓, *LDH↓, *CK2↓,
8316- lign,    Flaxseed lignan lowers blood cholesterol and decreases liver disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic men
- Trial, Nor, NA
*Dose↝, *LDH↓, *other↓,
8416- Lyco,    Lycopene alleviates cognitive dysfunctions in an Alzheimer's disease rat model via suppressing the oxidative and neuroinflammatory signaling
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *Dose↝, *Aβ42↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *MDA↓, *Ach↑, *MAOA↓, *LDH↓, *AChE↓, *NRF2↑, *5HT↑, *TGF-β1↑, *IL10↑, *Ki-67↓, *PCNA↓,
8414- Lyco,    Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Lycopene: Mechanisms, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *hepatoP↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *AntiArt↑, *Obesity↓, *Wound Healing↑, *BioAv↑, *GSTs↑, *Trx1↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *ALAT↓, *LDH↓, *AST↓, *MDA↓, *cognitive↑, *memory↑, *NeuroI↓, *Aβ↓, *LRP1↑, *RAGE↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, tumCV?, Bax:Bcl2↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, ROS↓, TumCCA↑, Akt↓, *Synergy↑, *MDA↓, *NF-kB↓, *TGF-β↓, *Casp3↓, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *Bcl-2↑, *IL10↑, *MUC1↑, *IBI↑, *RenoP↑, *ChemoSen↑, *Synergy↑, *Synergy↑, *BMD↑,
8503- MAG,    Magnolol mitigates neuroinflammation via NF-κB/IL-6/IL-1β pathways in AlCl₃-induced Alzheimer's disease: insights from in-vivo and in-silico investigations
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*Dose↝, *LDH↓, *NO↓, *cognitive↑, *GSH↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *neuroP↑, *NF-kB↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓,
3475- MF,    A Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Protects against Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity by Modulating the Endocannabinoid System in HT22 Cells
- in-vitro, Nor, HT22 - Review, AD, NA
*Apoptosis↓, *LDH↓, *neuroP↑, *toxicity∅, *IL1β↓, *Inflam↓, *IL10↑, *TNF-α↓,
8433- OM,    Toxicological Assessment of Origanum majorana L.: Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and Acute Oral Toxicity
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*toxicity↓, *hepatoP↑, *cardioP↑, *ALAT↓, *Astr↓, *LDH↓,
9058- PatchO,    Patchouli oil isolated from the leaves of Pogostemon cablin ameliorates ethanol-induced acute liver injury in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress and lipid accumulation
- in-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*hepatoP↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *FFA/NEFA↓, *TG/TAG↓, *GSH↑, *GSR↑, *SOD↑, *GSH/GSSG↑, *AMPK↑, *PPARα↑, *CPT1A↑, *NF-kB↓, *SREBP1/SREBF1↓, *Fas↓, *SCD1↓, *lipid-P↓,
2042- PB,    Phenylbutyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against Adriamycin-induced cardiac injury
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*HDAC↓, *toxicity↓, *LDH↓, *SOD2↑, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑, *antiOx↑,
4968- PSO,    Psoralidin: emerging biological activities of therapeutic benefits and its potential utility in cervical cancer
- in-vitro, Cerv, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *Bacteria↓, AntiTum↑, CSCs↓, ROS↑, TumAuto↑, Apoptosis↑, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, BioAv↓, *cardioP↑, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, TumCP↓, TRAIL⇅, TumCMig↓, EMT↓, NF-kB↓, P53↑, Casp3↑, NOTCH↓, CSCs↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, Ki-67↓, CD31/PECAM-1↓, TRAILR↑, MMP↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↑,
3611- QC,    Quercetin and vitamin C supplementation: effects on lipid profile and muscle damage in male athletes
- Trial, Nor, NA
*eff↝, *LDH↓,
98- QC,    Quercetin postconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through the PI3K/Akt pathway
- in-vivo, Stroke, NA
*Bcl-2↑, *BAX↓, *Bax:Bcl2↓, *cardioP↑, *Akt↑, *PI3K↑, *LDH↓,
4443- SeNPs,    Bioogenic selenium and its hepatoprotective activity
- in-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*hepatoP↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *LDH↓, *lipid-P?,
3184- SFN,    The Integrative Role of Sulforaphane in Preventing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Fatigue: A Review of a Potential Protective Phytochemical
- Review, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *ROS↓, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *cardioP↑, *GPx↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *HO-1↑, *NADPH↑, *NQO1↑, *LDH↓, *hepatoP↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *IL6↓,
3330- SIL,    Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin
- Review, Var, NA
*neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, *cardioP↑, *antiOx↓, *NLRP3↓, *NAD↑, ROS↓, NLRP3↓, TumCMig↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *iNOS↓, *MPO↓, *AChE↓, *LDH↓, *Telomerase↓, *Fas↓,
3953- Taur,    Role of taurine in regulation of intracellular calcium level and neuroprotective function in cultured neurons
- in-vitro, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Ca+2↓, *LDH↓,
3955- Taur,    Mechanism of neuroprotective function of taurine
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*Ca+2↓, *MMP↑, *Apoptosis↓, *Bcl-2↑, *cal2↓, *LDH↓,
3398- TQ,  5-FU,    Impact of thymoquinone on the Nrf2/HO-1 and MAPK/NF-κB axis in mitigating 5-fluorouracil-induced acute kidney injury in vivo
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*RenoP↑, *TAC↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *p38↓, *MAPK↓, *NF-kB↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *MDA↓, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *Catalase↑, *BUN↓, *LDH↓, *IL1β↓,
3559- TQ,    Molecular signaling pathway targeted therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *AChE↓, AntiCan↑, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, PI3K↓, Akt↑, TumCCA↑, angioG↓, *NF-kB↓, *TLR2↓, *TLR4↓, *MyD88↓, *TRIF↓, *IRF3↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL12↓, *NRF2↑, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *VEGF↓, *MMP9↓, *cMyc↓, *cycD1/CCND1↓, *TumCP↓, *TumCI↓, *MDA↓, *TGF-β↓, *CRP↓, *Casp3↓, *GSH↑, *IL10↑, *iNOS↑, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *H2O2↓, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *AChE↓, *cognitive↑, *MAPK↑, *JNK↑, *BAX↓, *memory↑, *Aβ↓, *MMP↑,
7915- VT,    A Brief Review on the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Vitexin
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *cognitive↓, *motorD↑, *BACE/β-secretase↓, *LDH↓, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *ROS↓,
7913- VT,    Review of the effects of vitexin in oxidative stress-related diseases
- Review, Nor, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *memory↑, *Stroke↓, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *GRP78/BiP↑, *CHOP/DDIT3↓, *BACE/β-secretase↓, *ChE↓, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *GSH↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL33↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 43 of 43

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 43

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

GSH↓, 3,   GSH↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   MDA↓, 2,   MDA↑, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 3,   ROS↑, 7,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

mitResp↓, 1,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 6,   Bak↑, 1,   BAX↑, 3,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 2,   Bcl-2↓, 5,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 7,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 5,   FADD↑, 1,   Fas↑, 2,   p38↑, 2,   TRAIL⇅, 1,   TRAILR↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   Akt↑, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   ERK↓, 3,   p‑JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 2,   PI3K↓, 4,   PTEN↑, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

cMyc↓, 2,   DNMTs↓, 1,   H3↓, 1,   HDAC1↓, 1,   other↑, 1,   tumCV?, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 2,   P53↑, 4,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 3,   PCNA↓, 2,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 2,   CHK1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 3,   Ki-67↓, 2,   P21↑, 2,   TumCCA↑, 6,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

CSCs↓, 2,   IGF-1↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 2,   NOTCH↓, 2,   TumCG↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 3,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AXL↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 2,   EMT↓, 1,   EMT↝, 1,   F-actin↓, 1,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 3,   MMPs↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 2,   Smad1↑, 1,   TIMP2↑, 1,   TIMP3↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 4,   TumMeta↓, 3,   ZEB2↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 4,   CD31/PECAM-1↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 3,   VEGF↓, 5,   VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

MMP↓, 3,   TRPM7↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 3,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   MCP1/CCL2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 4,   NLRP3↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 3,   BioAv↑, 2,   ChemoSen↑, 3,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 3,   RadioS↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

AFP↓, 2,   ALAT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 4,   AntiTum↑, 2,   chemoP↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 1,   OS↑, 2,   TumVol↓, 1,   Weight↑, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 125

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 12,   Catalase↑, 14,   GPx↑, 11,   GSH↑, 13,   GSH/GSSG↑, 1,   GSR↓, 1,   GSR↑, 6,   GSTs↑, 2,   H2O2↓, 2,   HO-1↑, 6,   Keap1↓, 1,   lipid-P?, 1,   lipid-P↓, 12,   MDA↓, 12,   MPO↓, 2,   NOX4↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 3,   NRF2↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 10,   ROS↓, 25,   SOD↑, 16,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 2,   TAC↑, 2,   TBARS↓, 1,   Trx1↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

mitResp↑, 1,   mtDam↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 12,   AMPK↑, 2,   ATP↑, 1,   ATP∅, 1,   CPT1A↑, 1,   FFA/NEFA↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   H2S↑, 1,   lactateProd↓, 1,   NAD↑, 1,   NADPH↑, 1,   SCD1↓, 1,   SREBP1/SREBF1↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

AIF↓, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 4,   BAX↓, 2,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 3,   Casp↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 4,   Casp8↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 2,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   Fas↓, 2,   iNOS↓, 4,   iNOS↑, 1,   necrosis↓, 1,   p38↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Akt↑, 1,   CK2↓, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 3,   MAPK↑, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 1,   STAT↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

cMyc↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   other↓, 1,   other↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

PCNA↓, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

Ki-67↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   Ca+2↓, 3,   Ca+2↝, 1,   cal2↓, 1,   LRP1↑, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   MUC1↑, 1,   TGF-β↓, 2,   TGF-β1↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 1,   NO↓, 5,   VCAM-1↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 2,   IBI↑, 1,   MMP↓, 1,   MMP↑, 2,   TRPC1↓, 1,   TRPM7↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 7,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IL10↑, 4,   IL12↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 9,   IL2↓, 1,   IL33↓, 1,   IL4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 9,   Imm↑, 1,   INF-γ↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 17,   IRF3↓, 1,   MyD88↓, 1,   NeuroI↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 12,   NLRP3↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 3,   RAGE↓, 1,   TLR2↓, 2,   TLR4↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 9,   TRIF↓, 1,  

Cellular Microenvironment(tgid=17) ⓘ

Astr↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

5HT↑, 1,   Ach↑, 1,   AChE↓, 7,   BChE↓, 2,   ChE↓, 1,   MAOA↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 4,   Aβ42↓, 1,   BACE/β-secretase↓, 2,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

PPARα↑, 1,   PPARα↝, 1,   PPARγ↑, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   BioAv↝, 4,   BioAv∅, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 3,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↑, 1,   eff↝, 1,   Half-Life↝, 1,   Half-Life∅, 1,   Synergy↑, 4,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 12,   ALP↓, 4,   AST↓, 12,   BMD↑, 1,   BP↓, 3,   BUN↓, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   creat↓, 1,   CRP↓, 1,   IL6↓, 9,   LDH↓, 44,   RAGE↓, 1,   TG/TAG↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiAge↑, 1,   AntiArt↑, 1,   AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 4,   cardioP↑, 18,   chemoP↑, 1,   cognitive↓, 1,   cognitive↑, 9,   hepatoP↑, 15,   Learn↑, 1,   memory↑, 8,   motorD↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 21,   Obesity↓, 2,   Pain↓, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 4,   Strength↑, 1,   Stroke↓, 2,   toxicity↓, 2,   toxicity∅, 2,   Wound Healing↑, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 2,   GutMicro↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 186

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase
4 Carvacrol
2 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
2 Betulinic acid
2 Centella asiatica / Gotu kola → asiaticoside
2 Chlorogenic acid
2 Lycopene
2 Quercetin
2 Taurine
2 Thymoquinone
2 Vitexin
1 Anthocyanins
1 Silver-NanoParticles
1 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
1 Anethole/trans-Anethole
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
1 Curcumin
1 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
1 Honokiol
1 doxorubicin
1 Isoliquiritigenin
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
1 L-Theanine
1 lambertianic acid
1 SDG/lignans
1 Magnolol
1 Magnetic Fields
1 Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
1 Patchouli Oil (Pogostemon cablin)
1 Phenylbutyrate
1 Psoralidin
1 Selenium NanoParticles
1 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
1 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
1 5-fluorouracil
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:1  prod#:%  Target#:906  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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