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| Also known as CP32. Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death. As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression. Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy. Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent. On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer. Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein. Prognostic significance: • High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers. • Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. |
| Liver Cancer |
| 369- | AgNPs, | Silver nanoparticles induce oxidative cell damage in human liver cells through inhibition of reduced glutathione and induction of mitochondria-involved apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | NA |
| 233- | AL, | 5-FU, | Allicin sensitizes hepatocellular cancer cells to anti-tumor activity of 5-fluorouracil through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway |
| - | in-vivo, | Liver, | NA |
| 5592- | BetA, | Betulin induces mitochondrial cytochrome c release associated apoptosis in human cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 5919- | Cats, | Cisplatin, | Uncaria tomentosa Leaves Decoction Modulates Differently ROS Production in Cancer and Normal Cells, and Effects Cisplatin Cytotoxicity |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 6176- | Cu, | Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Mitochondria Mediated Apoptosis in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 468- | CUR, | 5-FU, | Gut microbiota enhances the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to 5-fluorouracil in vivo by increasing curcumin bioavailability |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | vitro+vivo, | Liver, | 402 | - | vitro+vivo, | Liver, | Bel7 |
| 1620- | EA, | Rad, | Radiosensitizing effect of ellagic acid on growth of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells: an in vitro study |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 20- | EGCG, | Potential Therapeutic Targets of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Most Abundant Catechin in Green Tea, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer |
| - | in-vivo, | Liver, | NA | - | in-vivo, | Tong, | NA |
| 2859- | FIS, | The Natural Flavonoid Fisetin Inhibits Cellular Proliferation of Hepatic, Colorectal, and Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | NA, | Colon, | Caco-2 |
| 2841- | FIS, | Fisetin, an Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Overcomes Radioresistance by Activating the PERK-ATF4-CHOP Axis in Liver Cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | RAW264.7 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | Hep3B | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HUH7 |
| 821- | GAR, | Garcinol inhibits cell growth in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells through induction of ROS-dependent apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | Hep3B |
| 1918- | JG, | ROS -mediated p53 activation by juglone enhances apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and in vitro |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 1064- | LT, | Cisplatin, | Inhibition of cell survival, invasion, tumor growth and histone deacetylase activity by the dietary flavonoid luteolin in human epithelioid cancer cells |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | LNM35 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 4534- | MAG, | Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by magnolol in colon and liver cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | COLO205 |
| 2077- | PB, | Butyrate induces ROS-mediated apoptosis by modulating miR-22/SIRT-1 pathway in hepatic cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HUH7 |
| 4486- | Se, | Chit, | Selenium-Modified Chitosan Induces HepG2 Cell Apoptosis and Differential Protein Analysis |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 1459- | SFN, | AF, | Auranofin Enhances Sulforaphane-Mediated Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells through Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | Hep3B | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 2093- | TQ, | Regulation of NF-κB Expression by Thymoquinone; A Role in Regulating Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Programmed Cell Death in Hepatic Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 3417- | TQ, | Antiproliferative Effects of Thymoquinone in MCF-7 Breast and HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells: Possible Role of Ceramide and ER Stress |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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