GSH Cancer Research Results

GSH, Glutathione: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system.
cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment.
While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied.
Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy.
Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death.
Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion.
Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

"...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..."
"Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells."
"...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy."

The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression.
Stroke, Cerebral Ischemic Stroke: Click to Expand ⟱
Ischemic stroke is also called brain ischemia and cerebral ischemia. Ischemia is the medical term for "lack of blood supply."

Quick Reference

Mechanism Top Compounds
Blood flow / anti-thrombotic support Aspirin, Ginkgo biloba, Panax notoginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza
Membrane repair / cholinergic support Citicoline, Alpha-GPC
Antioxidant / ROS control EGCG, Curcumin, Quercetin, Tocotrienols
Anti-inflammatory / NF-κB / cytokines Curcumin, Luteolin, Baicalin
Mitochondrial protection Resveratrol, Citicoline
BBB protection Rosmarinic acid, Astragaloside IV

Stroke/Product Table - Dose + Practical Therapeutic Index

Compound Class Primary Mechanisms Key Stroke Effects Evidence Level Phase Utility Human Dose Range Approx. HED mg/kg/day Practical Therapeutic Index
Aspirin NSAID / anti-platelet COX-1 inhibition; ↓ thromboxane A2; ↓ platelet aggregation Reduces recurrent ischemic stroke risk Strong clinical; standard of care Acute + prevention 81–325 mg/day ~1.2–4.6 mg/kg/day for 70 kg adult High, but bleeding-risk limited
Citicoline / CDP-choline Choline donor Membrane repair; ↑ phosphatidylcholine; ↓ free fatty acid release May support neurological and cognitive recovery Clinical; mixed acute results, better recovery/cognition signal Recovery 500–2000 mg/day ~7–29 mg/kg/day for 70 kg adult Moderate–High
Alpha-GPC Choline donor ↑ acetylcholine; phospholipid support May support post-stroke cognition Clinical; moderate support Recovery 300–1200 mg/day ~4–17 mg/kg/day for 70 kg adult Moderate; TMAO concern
Ginkgo biloba Herbal extract Cerebral blood flow; antioxidant; anti-platelet May support perfusion and cognition Clinical + preclinical Recovery 120–240 mg/day standardized extract ~1.7–3.4 mg/kg/day Moderate; bleeding interaction caution
Panax notoginseng / PNS Saponins Anti-thrombotic; perfusion; anti-inflammatory Improved blood flow/recovery measures in some studies Clinical mainly China + preclinical Acute + recovery Variable extract-dependent Study-specific; often preclinical HED needed Moderate; bleeding interaction caution
Salvia miltiorrhiza / Danshen Herbal extract Microcirculation; vascular protection; anti-platelet May support vascular recovery Clinical mainly China + preclinical Acute + recovery Variable extract/root equivalent Study-specific Moderate; bleeding interaction caution
Baicalin Flavonoid Anti-inflammatory; anti-apoptotic; antioxidant Neuroprotection in ischemic injury models Preclinical + limited clinical Acute No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Moderate–Low
Curcumin Polyphenol ↓ NF-κB; ↓ cytokines; antioxidant Reduced infarct size/inflammation in models Strong preclinical Acute + recovery 500–2000 mg/day bioavailable form ~7–29 mg/kg/day Moderate; bioavailability limited
Resveratrol Polyphenol SIRT1; mitochondrial protection; anti-apoptotic Reduced apoptosis/infarct injury in models Strong preclinical Acute + recovery 100–500 mg/day ~1.4–7.1 mg/kg/day Moderate; bioavailability limited
EGCG Catechin ROS scavenging; vascular protection Reduced neuronal injury in models Strong preclinical Acute 200–400 mg/day EGCG ~2.9–5.7 mg/kg/day Moderate; liver-dose caution
Quercetin Flavonoid Antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; anti-edema Reduced edema/infarct size in models Strong preclinical Acute 500–1000 mg/day ~7–14 mg/kg/day Moderate
Melatonin Indoleamine Mitochondrial antioxidant; anti-inflammatory Reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury in models Preclinical + limited clinical interest Acute + recovery 3–10 mg/day ~0.04–0.14 mg/kg/day Moderate–High
Tocotrienols Vitamin E subtype Lipid antioxidant; membrane protection Neuroprotection in ischemic models Preclinical + limited clinical Acute 100–300 mg/day ~1.4–4.3 mg/kg/day Moderate
Luteolin Flavonoid NF-κB / Nrf2 / PI3K-Akt modulation Reduced inflammation/neuroprotection in models Strong preclinical Acute No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Low–Moderate
Ferulic acid Phenolic acid Antioxidant; vasodilation; vascular protection Improved blood flow/reduced injury in models Preclinical Acute No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Low–Moderate
Rosmarinic acid Phenolic acid BBB protection; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory Reduced BBB disruption in models Preclinical Acute No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Low–Moderate
Berberine Alkaloid AMPK activation; metabolic/vascular protection Neuroprotection in ischemia models Preclinical Prevention + recovery 500–1500 mg/day ~7–21 mg/kg/day Moderate; interaction caution
Huperzine A Alkaloid AChE inhibition; cholinergic support May support cognitive recovery Preclinical + cognitive clinical context Recovery 100–200 µg/day ~0.001–0.003 mg/kg/day Low–Moderate; narrow cholinergic tolerance
Honokiol Lignan Mitochondrial protection; anti-inflammatory Reduced ischemic neuronal injury in models Preclinical Acute + recovery No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Low
HED: Human Equilvalent Dose
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2660- AL,    Allicin: A review of its important pharmacological activities
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *hepatoP↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↝, *H2S↑, *BP↓, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *GutMicro↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, *other↑, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *NF-kB↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *PGE2↓, *COX2↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *MPO↓, *eff↑, *NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *TBARS↓, *creat↓, *LDH↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *memory↑, chemoP↑, IL8↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↑, p38↑, Fas↑, P53↑, P21↑, CHK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, GSH↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Hif1a↓, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TumCMig↓, STAT3↓, VEGFR2↓, p‑FAK↓,
2605- Ba,  BA,    Potential therapeutic effects of baicalin and baicalein
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, IBD, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
cardioP↑, Inflam↓, cognitive↑, *hepatoP↑, *ROS?, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *MMP↑, *GutMicro↑, ChemoSen↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL10↑, *IL6↓, *eff↑, *ROS↓, *COX2↓, *NF-kB↓, *STAT3↓, *PGE2↓, *MPO↓, *IL1β↓, *MMP2↓, *MMP9↓, *β-Amyloid↓, *neuroP↑, *Dose↝, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *BBB↑, *BDNF↑,
2689- BBR,    Berberine protects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 and N2a cells
- in-vitro, Nor, PC12 - in-vitro, AD, NA - in-vitro, Stroke, NA
*ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *DNAdam↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *eff↑, *cl‑Casp3↓, *BAX↓, *neuroP↑, *Dose↝, *Ca+2↓,
2760- BetA,    A Review on Preparation of Betulinic Acid and Its Biological Activities
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
AntiTum↑, Cyt‑c↑, Smad1↑, Sepsis↓, NF-kB↓, ICAM-1↓, MCP1↓, MMP9↓, COX2↓, PGE2↓, ERK↓, p‑Akt↓, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *hepatoP↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *α-SMA↓,
5864- CA,    Carnosic acid, a catechol-type electrophilic compound, protects neurons both in vitro and in vivo through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway via S-alkylation of targeted cysteines on Keap1
- vitro+vivo, Stroke, PC12
*neuroP↑, *GSH↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *NRF2↑, *ARE↑, *ROS↓, *BBB↑,
5768- CAPE,    Neuroprotective Potential of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) in CNS Disorders: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Insights
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↑, *AntiCan↑, *NRF2↑, *GSK‐3β↑, *Akt↑, *PI3K↑, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *tau↓, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *other↝, *lipid-P↓,
5925- CAR,    Neuroprotective effects of carvacrol against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: A review
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *AChE↓, *BBB↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *TAC↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *NRF2↑, *cognitive↑, *IL1β↓, *COX2↓, *TNF-α↓, *TLR4↓, *BDNF↑, *PKCδ↑, *5LO↓, *TRPM7↓, *GSH↑, *other↑, *Ferroptosis↓, *GPx4↑,
6002- CGA,    Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *AMPK↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *glucose↓, *TRPC1↓, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NF-kB↓, *PPARα↝, *Hif1a↓, *JNK↓, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *hepatoP↑, *TLR4↓, *NRF2↑, *Casp↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *eff↑, EMT↝, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, mtDam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCG↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, CDK2↓, mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, PCNA↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, OS↑,
2794- CHr,    An updated review on the versatile role of chrysin in neurological diseases: Chemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery approaches
- Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, *NF-kB↓, *JNK↓, *HDAC↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *IFN-γ↓, *IL17↓, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *SOD↑, *MDA↓, *NO↓, *GPx↑, *TBARS↓, *AChE↓, *GR↑, *Catalase↑, *VitC↑, *memory↑, *lipid-P↓, *ROS↓,
2861- FIS,    The neuroprotective effects of fisetin, a natural flavonoid in neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on the role of oxidative stress
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Park, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *neuroP↑, *NO↑, BioAv↝, *BBB↑, *toxicity↑, *eff↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Aβ↓, *12LOX↓, *COX2↓, *Catalase↑, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↑, *lipid-P↓, NF-kB↓, IL1β↓, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, GSTs↑, cognitive↑, *BDNF↑,
2872- HNK,    Honokiol alleviated neurodegeneration by reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function in mutant SOD1 cellular and mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- in-vivo, ALS, NA - NA, Stroke, NA - NA, AD, NA - NA, Park, NA
*eff↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *motorD↑, *OS↑, *neuroP↑, *BBB↑, *cognitive↑, *eff↑, *antiOx↑, *Cyt‑c↑, *PGC-1α↑,
3264- Lyco,    Pharmacological potentials of lycopene against aging and aging‐related disorders: A review
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *iNOS↓, *NO↓, *TAC↑, *NOX4↓, *Inflam↓, *IL1↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *TLR2↓, *TLR4↓, *VCAM-1↓, *ICAM-1↓, *STAT3↓, *NF-kB↓, *ERK↓, *BP↓, ROS↓, PGE2↓, cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *creat↓, *RenoP↑, *CRM↑,
3930- PTS,    A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification
- Review, Var, NA - Review, adrenal, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*BioAv↑, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *H2O2↓, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *SOD↑, TumCG↓, PTEN↑, HGF/c-Met↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, TumMeta↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Ki-67↓, Casp3↑, MMP↓, H2O2↑, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, *cardioP↑, *CDK2↓, *CDK4↓, *cycE/CCNE↓, *cycD1/CCND1↓, *RB1↓, *PCNA↓, *CREB↑, *GABA↑, *memory↑, *IGF-1↑, *ERK↑, TIMP1↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Diablo↑, SOD2↑,
3927- PTS,    Effects of Pterostilbene on Cardiovascular Health and Disease
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *BioAv↑, *toxicity↓, *NADPH↓, *ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL4↓, *MMPs↓, *COX2↓, *MAPK↝, *NF-kB↓, *IL8↓, *MCP1↓, *E-sel↓, *lipid-P↓, *NRF2↑, *PPARα↑, *LDL↓, other↓,
3924- PTS,    Effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on aging and longevity
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*antiOx↓, *ROS↑, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *MDA↓, *HNE↓, *Inflam↓, *MAPK↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *HO-1↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *CRM↑, *NLRP3↓,
3341- QC,    Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*antiOx↑, *BioAv↑, *GSH↑, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *H2O2↓, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *SOD2↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *neuroP↑, *HO-1↑, *cardioP↑, *MDA↓, *NF-kB↓, *IKKα↓, *ROS↓, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *hepatoP↑, P53↑, BAX↑, IGF-1R↓, Akt↓, AR↓, TumCP↓, GSH↑, SOD↑, Catalase↑, lipid-P↓, *TNF-α↓, *Ca+2↓,
3338- QC,    Quercetin: Its Antioxidant Mechanism, Antibacterial Properties and Potential Application in Prevention and Control of Toxipathy
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*antiOx↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, *Dose↑, *NADPH↓, *AMP↓, *NF-kB↓, *p38↑, *MAPK↑, *SOD↑, *MDA↓, *iNOS↓, *Catalase↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *lipid-P↓, *memory↑, *radioP↑, *neuroP↑, *MDA↓,
3057- RES,    The therapeutic effect of resveratrol: Focusing on the Nrf2 signaling pathway
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *ROS↓, *Apoptosis↓, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *hepatoP↑, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *AntiCan↑, *memory↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ROS↓, *Aβ↓, *iNOS↓, *COX2↓, *GSH↑, *HO-1⇅, *SIRT1↑,
3319- SIL,    Silymarin and neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential and basic molecular mechanisms
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *BBB?, *tau↓, *NF-kB↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL4↓, *MAPK↓, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *Aβ↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *p‑ERK↓, *p‑JNK↓, *p‑p38↓, *GutMicro↑, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, *TLR4↓, *neuroP↑, *Strength↑, *AMPK↑, *MMP↑, *necrosis↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑,
3960- Taur,    Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *GABA↑, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *iNOS↓, *CRP↓, *HO-1↑, *Prx↑, *Trx↑, *NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *lipid-P↓, *MDA↓, *eff↝, *GutMicro↑, other↑,
3404- TQ,    The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *NF-kB↓, *iNOS↓, *NRF2↑, *neuroP↑, *MMP↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *GSH↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *IL12↓, *MCP1↓, *IP-10/CXCL-10↓, *PGE2↓,
3571- TQ,    The Role of Thymoquinone in Inflammatory Response in Chronic Diseases
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*BioAv↓, *BioAv↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *MPO↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *IFN-γ↓, *IL6↓, *cardioP↑, *lipid-P↓, *TAC↑, *RenoP↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, angioG↓, TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, ROS↑, EMT↓, *Aβ↓, *p‑tau↓, *BACE↓, *TLR2↓, *TLR4↓, *MyD88↓, *IRF3↓, *eff↑, eff↑, DNAdam↑, *iNOS↓,
5904- TV,    Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Obesity, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Bacteria↓, AntiTum↑, IronCh↑, *HDL↑, *LDL↓, *BioAv↝, *Half-Life↝, *BioAv↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, *eff↑, radioP↑, *MDA↓, *other↑, *COX1↓, *COX2↓, *AntiAg↑, *RNS↓, *NO↓, *H2O2↓, *NOS2↓, *NADH↓, *Imm↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, TumCMig↓, Ca+2↑, TumCCA↑, DNAdam↑, BAX↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, AIF↑, i-ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, APAF1↑, Ca+2↑, MMP9↓, MMP2↓, PKCδ↓, ERK↓, H2O2↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, DNAdam↑, lipid-P↑, ChemoSen↑, chemoP↑, *cardioP↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSH↑, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *Obesity↓, RenoP↑, *GastroP↑, hepatoP↑, *AChE↓, *cognitive↑, *BChE↓, *other↓, *BioAv↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 23 of 23

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 23

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   H2O2↑, 2,   HO-1↑, 2,   lipid-P↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 4,   i-ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

IronCh↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   mitResp↓, 1,   MMP↓, 2,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

cMyc↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 2,   BAX↑, 4,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 2,   Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 4,   Casp8↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 4,   Diablo↑, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   HGF/c-Met↓, 1,   p38↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,   other↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

CHK1↓, 1,   DNAdam↑, 3,   P53↑, 2,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 4,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   EMT↝, 1,   ERK↓, 2,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   IGF-1R↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   PTEN↑, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 2,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 2,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 3,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   Smad1↑, 1,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TumCMig↓, 3,   TumCP↓, 3,   TumMeta↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   Hif1a↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 2,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   MCP1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 4,   PGE2↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↝, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 4,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   AntiTum↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 2,   chemoP↑, 2,   cognitive↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 103

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 15,   ARE↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 14,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   GPx↑, 7,   GPx4↑, 1,   GSH↑, 23,   GSR↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 4,   H2O2↓, 3,   HDL↑, 1,   HNE↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 9,   HO-1⇅, 1,   Keap1↓, 2,   lipid-P↓, 13,   MDA↓, 15,   MPO↓, 3,   NADH↓, 1,   NOX4↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 16,   Prx↑, 1,   RNS↓, 1,   ROS?, 1,   ROS↓, 27,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 21,   SOD2↑, 1,   TAC↑, 3,   TBARS↓, 2,   Trx↑, 1,   VitC↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↑, 3,   PGC-1α↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

12LOX↓, 1,   ALAT↓, 2,   AMP↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 2,   CREB↑, 1,   CRM↑, 2,   glucose↓, 1,   H2S↑, 1,   LDH↓, 4,   LDL↓, 2,   NADPH↓, 2,   PPARα↑, 1,   PPARα↝, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Akt↑, 3,   Apoptosis↓, 3,   BAX↓, 1,   Casp↓, 1,   cl‑Casp3↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 9,   JNK↓, 2,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 2,   MAPK↑, 1,   MAPK↝, 1,   necrosis↓, 1,   p38↑, 1,   p‑p38↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,   other↑, 3,   other↝, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   RB1↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ERK↓, 1,   ERK↑, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↑, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   IGF-1↑, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 3,   STAT3↓, 2,   TRPM7↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   AntiAg↑, 1,   Ca+2↓, 3,   E-sel↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   MMPs↓, 1,   PKCδ↑, 1,   TRPC1↓, 1,   VCAM-1↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 1,   NO↓, 4,   NO↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB?, 1,   BBB↑, 6,   GastroP↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2↓, 11,   CRP↓, 1,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IFN-γ↓, 2,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL1↓, 1,   IL10↑, 1,   IL12↓, 1,   IL17↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 8,   IL4↓, 2,   IL6↓, 7,   IL6↑, 1,   IL8↓, 2,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 15,   Inflam↑, 1,   IP-10/CXCL-10↓, 1,   MCP1↓, 2,   MyD88↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 12,   PGE2↓, 3,   TLR2↓, 2,   TLR4↓, 5,   TNF-α↓, 13,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 7,   BChE↓, 3,   BDNF↑, 3,   GABA↑, 2,   tau↓, 2,   p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 5,   BACE↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 1,   β-Amyloid↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

GR↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 6,   BioAv↝, 3,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↑, 9,   eff↝, 1,   Half-Life↝, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   AST↓, 2,   BP↓, 4,   creat↓, 2,   CRP↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 4,   IL6↓, 7,   IL6↑, 1,   LDH↓, 4,   NOS2↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   AntiDiabetic↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 9,   cognitive↑, 6,   hepatoP↑, 6,   memory↑, 10,   motorD↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 21,   Obesity↓, 1,   OS↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 4,   Strength↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,   IRF3↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 177

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GSH, Glutathione
3 Pterostilbene
2 Quercetin
2 Thymoquinone
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Baicalein
1 Baicalin
1 Berberine
1 Betulinic acid
1 Carnosic acid
1 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE)
1 Carvacrol
1 Chlorogenic acid
1 Chrysin
1 Fisetin
1 Honokiol
1 Lycopene
1 Resveratrol
1 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
1 Taurine
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:36  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:137  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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