Casp3 Cancer Research Results

Casp3, CPP32, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Also known as CP32.
Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death.
As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression.
Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy.
Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent.
On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer.
Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein.
Prognostic significance:
• High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers.
• Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers.
Stroke, Cerebral Ischemic Stroke: Click to Expand ⟱
Ischemic stroke is also called brain ischemia and cerebral ischemia. Ischemia is the medical term for "lack of blood supply."

Quick Reference

Mechanism Top Compounds
Blood flow / anti-thrombotic support Aspirin, Ginkgo biloba, Panax notoginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza
Membrane repair / cholinergic support Citicoline, Alpha-GPC
Antioxidant / ROS control EGCG, Curcumin, Quercetin, Tocotrienols
Anti-inflammatory / NF-κB / cytokines Curcumin, Luteolin, Baicalin
Mitochondrial protection Resveratrol, Citicoline
BBB protection Rosmarinic acid, Astragaloside IV

Stroke/Product Table - Dose + Practical Therapeutic Index

Compound Class Primary Mechanisms Key Stroke Effects Evidence Level Phase Utility Human Dose Range Approx. HED mg/kg/day Practical Therapeutic Index
Aspirin NSAID / anti-platelet COX-1 inhibition; ↓ thromboxane A2; ↓ platelet aggregation Reduces recurrent ischemic stroke risk Strong clinical; standard of care Acute + prevention 81–325 mg/day ~1.2–4.6 mg/kg/day for 70 kg adult High, but bleeding-risk limited
Citicoline / CDP-choline Choline donor Membrane repair; ↑ phosphatidylcholine; ↓ free fatty acid release May support neurological and cognitive recovery Clinical; mixed acute results, better recovery/cognition signal Recovery 500–2000 mg/day ~7–29 mg/kg/day for 70 kg adult Moderate–High
Alpha-GPC Choline donor ↑ acetylcholine; phospholipid support May support post-stroke cognition Clinical; moderate support Recovery 300–1200 mg/day ~4–17 mg/kg/day for 70 kg adult Moderate; TMAO concern
Ginkgo biloba Herbal extract Cerebral blood flow; antioxidant; anti-platelet May support perfusion and cognition Clinical + preclinical Recovery 120–240 mg/day standardized extract ~1.7–3.4 mg/kg/day Moderate; bleeding interaction caution
Panax notoginseng / PNS Saponins Anti-thrombotic; perfusion; anti-inflammatory Improved blood flow/recovery measures in some studies Clinical mainly China + preclinical Acute + recovery Variable extract-dependent Study-specific; often preclinical HED needed Moderate; bleeding interaction caution
Salvia miltiorrhiza / Danshen Herbal extract Microcirculation; vascular protection; anti-platelet May support vascular recovery Clinical mainly China + preclinical Acute + recovery Variable extract/root equivalent Study-specific Moderate; bleeding interaction caution
Baicalin Flavonoid Anti-inflammatory; anti-apoptotic; antioxidant Neuroprotection in ischemic injury models Preclinical + limited clinical Acute No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Moderate–Low
Curcumin Polyphenol ↓ NF-κB; ↓ cytokines; antioxidant Reduced infarct size/inflammation in models Strong preclinical Acute + recovery 500–2000 mg/day bioavailable form ~7–29 mg/kg/day Moderate; bioavailability limited
Resveratrol Polyphenol SIRT1; mitochondrial protection; anti-apoptotic Reduced apoptosis/infarct injury in models Strong preclinical Acute + recovery 100–500 mg/day ~1.4–7.1 mg/kg/day Moderate; bioavailability limited
EGCG Catechin ROS scavenging; vascular protection Reduced neuronal injury in models Strong preclinical Acute 200–400 mg/day EGCG ~2.9–5.7 mg/kg/day Moderate; liver-dose caution
Quercetin Flavonoid Antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; anti-edema Reduced edema/infarct size in models Strong preclinical Acute 500–1000 mg/day ~7–14 mg/kg/day Moderate
Melatonin Indoleamine Mitochondrial antioxidant; anti-inflammatory Reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury in models Preclinical + limited clinical interest Acute + recovery 3–10 mg/day ~0.04–0.14 mg/kg/day Moderate–High
Tocotrienols Vitamin E subtype Lipid antioxidant; membrane protection Neuroprotection in ischemic models Preclinical + limited clinical Acute 100–300 mg/day ~1.4–4.3 mg/kg/day Moderate
Luteolin Flavonoid NF-κB / Nrf2 / PI3K-Akt modulation Reduced inflammation/neuroprotection in models Strong preclinical Acute No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Low–Moderate
Ferulic acid Phenolic acid Antioxidant; vasodilation; vascular protection Improved blood flow/reduced injury in models Preclinical Acute No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Low–Moderate
Rosmarinic acid Phenolic acid BBB protection; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory Reduced BBB disruption in models Preclinical Acute No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Low–Moderate
Berberine Alkaloid AMPK activation; metabolic/vascular protection Neuroprotection in ischemia models Preclinical Prevention + recovery 500–1500 mg/day ~7–21 mg/kg/day Moderate; interaction caution
Huperzine A Alkaloid AChE inhibition; cholinergic support May support cognitive recovery Preclinical + cognitive clinical context Recovery 100–200 µg/day ~0.001–0.003 mg/kg/day Low–Moderate; narrow cholinergic tolerance
Honokiol Lignan Mitochondrial protection; anti-inflammatory Reduced ischemic neuronal injury in models Preclinical Acute + recovery No established stroke dose Preclinical HED only Low
HED: Human Equilvalent Dose
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2660- AL,    Allicin: A review of its important pharmacological activities
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *hepatoP↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↝, *H2S↑, *BP↓, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *GutMicro↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, *other↑, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *NF-kB↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *PGE2↓, *COX2↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *MPO↓, *eff↑, *NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *TBARS↓, *creat↓, *LDH↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *memory↑, chemoP↑, IL8↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↑, p38↑, Fas↑, P53↑, P21↑, CHK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, GSH↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Hif1a↓, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TumCMig↓, STAT3↓, VEGFR2↓, p‑FAK↓,
6002- CGA,    Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *AMPK↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *glucose↓, *TRPC1↓, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NF-kB↓, *PPARα↝, *Hif1a↓, *JNK↓, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *hepatoP↑, *TLR4↓, *NRF2↑, *Casp↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *eff↑, EMT↝, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, mtDam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCG↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, CDK2↓, mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, PCNA↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, OS↑,
2782- CHr,    Broad-Spectrum Preclinical Antitumor Activity of Chrysin: Current Trends and Future Perspectives
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Park, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *hepatoP↑, *neuroP↑, *BioAv↓, *cardioP↑, *lipidLev↓, *RenoP↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL2↓, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *ROS↓, *cognitive↑, eff↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, hTERT/TERT↓, VEGF↓, p‑STAT3↓, TumMeta↓, TumCP↓, eff↑, eff↑, IL1β↓, IL6↓, NF-kB↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑, Ca+2↑, TET1↑, Let-7↑, Twist↓, EMT↓, TumCCA↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, HK2↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, Glycolysis↓, SHP1↑, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, UPR↑, PERK↑, ATF4↑, eIF2α↑, RadioS↑, NOTCH1↑, NRF2↓, BioAv↑, eff↑,
3930- PTS,    A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification
- Review, Var, NA - Review, adrenal, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*BioAv↑, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *H2O2↓, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *SOD↑, TumCG↓, PTEN↑, HGF/c-Met↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, TumMeta↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Ki-67↓, Casp3↑, MMP↓, H2O2↑, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, *cardioP↑, *CDK2↓, *CDK4↓, *cycE/CCNE↓, *cycD1/CCND1↓, *RB1↓, *PCNA↓, *CREB↑, *GABA↑, *memory↑, *IGF-1↑, *ERK↑, TIMP1↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Diablo↑, SOD2↑,
5904- TV,    Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Obesity, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Bacteria↓, AntiTum↑, IronCh↑, *HDL↑, *LDL↓, *BioAv↝, *Half-Life↝, *BioAv↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, *eff↑, radioP↑, *MDA↓, *other↑, *COX1↓, *COX2↓, *AntiAg↑, *RNS↓, *NO↓, *H2O2↓, *NOS2↓, *NADH↓, *Imm↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, TumCMig↓, Ca+2↑, TumCCA↑, DNAdam↑, BAX↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, AIF↑, i-ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, APAF1↑, Ca+2↑, MMP9↓, MMP2↓, PKCδ↓, ERK↓, H2O2↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, DNAdam↑, lipid-P↑, ChemoSen↑, chemoP↑, *cardioP↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSH↑, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *Obesity↓, RenoP↑, *GastroP↑, hepatoP↑, *AChE↓, *cognitive↑, *BChE↓, *other↓, *BioAv↑,
4869- Uro,    Urolithin A in Central Nervous System Disorders: Therapeutic Applications and Challenges
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*MitoP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *Risk↓, *Aβ↓, *p‑tau↓, *p62↓, *PARK2↑, *MMP↑, *ROS↓, *Strength↑, *CRP↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *AMPK↑, *NF-kB↓, *MAPK↓, *p62↑, *NRF2↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *HO-1↑, *Ferroptosis↓, *lipid-P↓, *Cartilage↑, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *mTOR↓, *Apoptosis↓, *neuroP↑, *Bcl-2↓, *BAX↑, *Casp3↑, *ATP↑, *eff↑, *motorD↑, *NLRP3↓, *radioP↑, *BBB↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 6 of 6

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 6

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 2,   HO-1↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↑, 4,   i-ROS↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

IronCh↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   mitResp↓, 1,   MMP↓, 3,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

cMyc↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   HK2↓, 1,   lactateProd↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 2,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 2,   BAX↑, 4,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 2,   Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 5,   Casp8↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 4,   Cyt‑c↑, 4,   Diablo↑, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   HGF/c-Met↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   p38↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 1,   PERK↑, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

CHK1↓, 1,   DNAdam↑, 2,   P53↑, 1,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 2,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 4,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   EMT↝, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   Let-7↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   NOTCH1↑, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   PTEN↑, 1,   SHP1↑, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 2,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 3,   E-cadherin↑, 2,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 2,   PKCδ↓, 1,   TET1↑, 1,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TumCMig↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 2,   TumMeta↓, 2,   Twist↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   ATF4↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 3,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   IL8↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 3,   eff↑, 4,   RadioS↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 101

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 7,   Catalase↑, 3,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   GPx↑, 4,   GSH↑, 4,   GSR↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 2,   H2O2↓, 2,   HDL↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   Keap1↓, 1,   lipid-P↓, 2,   MDA↓, 3,   MPO↓, 1,   NADH↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 4,   PARK2↑, 1,   RNS↓, 1,   ROS↓, 7,   SOD↑, 6,   TBARS↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↑, 1,   MMP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 2,   CREB↑, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   H2S↑, 1,   LDH↓, 3,   LDL↓, 1,   lipidLev↓, 1,   PPARα↝, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,   other↑, 2,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

MitoP↑, 1,   p62↓, 1,   p62↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   RB1↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ERK↑, 1,   IGF-1↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 3,  

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   Ca+2↓, 1,   Cartilage↑, 1,   TRPC1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 1,   NO↓, 2,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 2,   GastroP↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2↓, 3,   CRP↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL2↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 6,   NF-kB↓, 4,   PGE2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 2,   BChE↓, 1,   GABA↑, 1,   p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 2,   NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 3,   BioAv↝, 1,   eff↑, 4,   Half-Life↝, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BP↓, 3,   creat↓, 1,   CRP↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   LDH↓, 3,   NOS2↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiDiabetic↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 5,   cognitive↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 3,   memory↑, 3,   motorD↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 7,   Obesity↓, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,   Strength↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 110

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Casp3, CPP32, Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Chlorogenic acid
1 Chrysin
1 Pterostilbene
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
1 Urolithin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:36  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:42  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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