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H3K9 (histone H3 lysine 9) is a major regulatory residue on
histone H3 that can undergo methylation or acetylation to alter chromatin
structure and gene expression. Methylated H3K9, particularly
H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, is generally associated
with transcriptional repression and heterochromatin formation, whereas
H3K9ac is associated with more transcriptionally active
chromatin. In cancer, abnormal regulation of H3K9 modifications can contribute
to silencing of tumour-suppressor genes, altered differentiation, stemness and
treatment resistance. H3K9 should therefore be treated as an umbrella
epigenetic target, with specific marks such as H3K9me3
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