| Source: HalifaxProj(inhibit) |
| Type: |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are lipid compounds involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation, pain, and fever. COX-2 is an inducible enzyme, meaning its expression is typically low in normal tissues but can be upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, growth factors, and certain oncogenic signals. -Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, plays a key role in inflammation and circulatory homeostasis. -COX-2 is an inducible enzyme that is upregulated in response to pro-inflammatory signals, including cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) and growth factors. COX-2 is often overexpressed in various tumors, including colorectal, breast, lung, and prostate cancers. The prostaglandins produced by COX-2, particularly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), have several effects that can facilitate cancer progression: Cell Proliferation: PGE2 can promote the proliferation of cancer cells by activating signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Nonselective NSAIDs, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. Epidemiological studies have suggested that regular use of NSAIDs may reduce the risk of certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. Drugs specifically targeting COX-2, such as celecoxib, have been developed. COX-2 and xanthine oxidase are ROS-producing pro-oxidant enzymes that contribute to inflammation. Elevated COX‑2 levels, often found in inflammatory conditions or certain types of cancers, can contribute to increased production of ROS. |
| Types of Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This is the most common type of CVD and occurs when the coronary arteries (which supply the heart with blood) are narrowed or blocked, typically due to atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaque). CAD can lead to chest pain (angina) or heart attacks. Cerebrovascular Disease: Diseases such as stroke fall under this category. A stroke occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted, either by a clot (ischemic stroke) or by bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke). Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): PAD involves the narrowing of peripheral arteries, often in the legs, which can cause pain and mobility issues. Heart Failure: Heart failure happens when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Cardiac Arrhythmias: These are problems related to the electrical system of the heart, which can cause irregular heartbeats. They range in severity from benign extra beats to life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. Valvular Heart Diseases: These diseases affect the heart valves, potentially causing conditions like stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage), which can compromise the heart’s efficiency. |
| 4801- | Lyco, | Lycopene in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases |
| - | Review, | CardioV, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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