Juglone / IL12 Cancer Research Results

JG, Juglone: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Found in roots, leaves, nut-hulls, bark and wood of walnut trees.
Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone)
Juglans nigra refers to the black walnut tree, which is one of the most well-known sources of juglone
-Research has focused on the hulls (the green outer covering of the walnut) because they have the highest concentrations.
-Fresh hulls can contain juglone levels in the range of approximately 1–5% of the dry weight

-Juglone can redox cycle to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS).
-Increasing Bax, decreasing Bcl‑2, caspase activation, and MMP depolarization.
-Modulation of MAPK pathways (including ERK, JNK, and p38)
-May inhibit NF‑κB signaling
-Cause DNA damage or stress that, in turn, leads to p53 pathway activation— Pin1 Inhibition
–Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, is frequently overexpressed in cancer.

-ic50 maybe 5-10uM
-For matching 5uM, crude estimate is 5mg consumption of juglone required which might be 1.5 g of black walnut hull material

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Direction Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 Redox cycling (quinone–semiquinone system) ↑↑ ROS Oxidative stress overload Juglone can act as a redox-cycling quinone; ROS elevation is a dominant upstream driver in multiple cancer models (ref)
2 Thiol buffering (GSH depletion) ↓ GSH Loss of redox buffering In HL-60 leukemia cells, juglone induces ROS and explicitly depletes GSH; antioxidants block downstream apoptosis markers (ref)
3 Mitochondrial integrity (ΔΨm) ↓ ΔΨm Mitochondrial dysfunction In LNCaP prostate cancer cells, juglone decreases mitochondrial potential (ΔΨ) during intrinsic apoptosis (ref)
4 Intrinsic apoptosis (Caspase-9 → Caspase-3) ↑ Caspase-9/3 activation Programmed cell death Same LNCaP evidence base: intrinsic apoptosis with activation of caspases 3 and 9 is reported for juglone (ref)
5 DNA damage / genotoxic stress ↑ DNA damage Checkpoint activation and death signaling Juglone is reported to have genotoxic effects (DNA damage) in melanoma models, consistent with ROS-driven injury (ref)
6 p53 stress response ↑ p53 pathway (activation) Cell-cycle arrest / apoptosis cooperation Human liver cancer model: juglone drives apoptosis and autophagy via a ROS-mediated p53 pathway (in vitro and in vivo) (ref)
7 MAPK stress pathways (JNK / p38) ↑ JNK / ↑ p38 Pro-death stress signaling Mechanistic synthesis notes juglone induces ROS and activates JNK and p38 MAPK, contributing to cell death signaling (ref)
8 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB Reduced pro-survival transcription Literature reports juglone inhibits NF-κB production/signaling in colonic cancer cell contexts (noted as prior work) (ref)
9 PI3K–AKT survival pathway ↓ PI3K / ↓ p-AKT Survival pathway suppression NSCLC: juglone increases ROS and inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling; NAC (ROS scavenger) attenuates apoptosis and pathway changes (ref)
10 Cell cycle control ↑ arrest Proliferation blockade NSCLC: juglone arrests the cell cycle alongside ROS rise and apoptosis marker changes (ref)
11 Autophagy ↑ autophagy (stress-associated) Stress adaptation / death crosstalk Juglone induces both apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells via MAPK pathway modulation (with ROS-MAPK coupling) (ref)
12 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF) ↓ VEGF Reduced vascular support Pancreatic cancer cell lines: juglone reduces VEGF gene expression (and other metastasis/angiogenesis-related genes) at sub-IC50 exposure (ref)


IL12, Interleukin-12: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj(induce)
Type:
IL-12, an antitumor cytokine is considered to be a promising cytokine for enhancing an antitumor immune response.
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the immune response, particularly in the activation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It is produced by various immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, and is known for its ability to promote the differentiation of T cells into a type that can effectively combat cancer cells.

IL-12 is often expressed in various cancers, including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. Its expression can vary depending on the tumor type and the immune context.
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, particularly activated macrophages and dendritic cells, are significant sources of IL-12 in the tumor microenvironment.

IL-12 is primarily known for its role in promoting anti-tumor immunity. It enhances the differentiation of naive T cells into T helper 1 (Th1) cells, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and support cytotoxic T cell responses.
IL-12 also stimulates the activity of NK cells, enhancing their ability to kill tumor cells and produce additional cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which further promotes anti-tumor immunity.

Low levels of IL-12 in the tumor microenvironment are often associated with poor anti-tumor immune responses and can correlate with worse clinical outcomes. In such cases, strategies to enhance IL-12 production or signaling may be beneficial for improving anti-tumor immunity.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5119- JG,    Juglone Suppresses Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Colitis Mice
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*antiOx↑, *OS↑, *IL6↓, *IL12↓, *IL23↓, *TNF-α↓, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *NFE2L2↓, *ROS↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   NFE2L2↓, 1,   ROS↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL12↓, 1,   IL23↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

OS↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 11

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: IL12, Interleukin-12
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:105  Target#:157  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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