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Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is a
naturally occurring phenolic acid found in many fruits, vegetables, grains,
medicinal plants and plant-derived foods. PCA also occurs as a metabolite of
several dietary polyphenols and anthocyanins. It has demonstrated antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and anticancer activities
in preclinical studies. In Alzheimer-related models, PCA has improved learning
and memory, reduced amyloid-β deposition and neuroinflammation, attenuated
oxidative stress and supported cholinergic and neurotrophic signalling. In
APP/PS1 transgenic mice, PCA reduced amyloid deposition and inflammatory
responses while improving cognitive deficits. More recent AD-model studies
also report improvement of cognitive function through modulation of cholinergic
synaptic signalling. In cancer models, PCA can suppress proliferation,
migration and inflammatory signalling and promote apoptosis through mechanisms
involving ROS regulation, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, MAPK and mitochondrial apoptotic
pathways. PCA is listed as a separate product because purified
protocatechuic acid has been directly administered and studied independently
of the botanical extracts from which it originates. (Example EGb 761) Current therapeutic evidence
remains predominantly preclinical. High PCA Sources Black/purple rice bran - High Hibiscus / roselle - High Açaí - High Black rice - High Purple rice - High Black wild rice - Moderate Blood orange - High precursor source Blackcurrant - Moderate-high Blackberry - Moderate-high Aronia / chokeberry - Moderate-high Dark cherries - Moderate Onion - Moderate Potato - Moderate Barley tea - Moderate |
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| AChE is an enzyme that rapidly hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate, terminating cholinergic signals. - In some cancers, studies have reported reduced AChE activity, which may contribute to an accumulation of acetylcholine. - Lower levels or loss of AChE expression/activity have been associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis, possibly due to unchecked cholinergic signaling. For AD (Alzheimer's), AChE inhibitors are used, to allow ACh, and ChAT to increase along with acetyl-CoA -Natural AChE inhibitors: Ferulic Acid, Caffeic Acid, Rosmarinic Acid, Sage -AChE inhibitors only temporarily relieve some of the disease’s cognitive symptoms and do not stop the patient’s cognitive loss -adverse effects such as disorientation, falls, dizziness, and fatigue may occur with these medications and should be used only as recommended - Natural AChE inhibitors paper |
| 7200- | EGb 761, | PCA, | Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:% Cells:% prod#:435 Target#:1329 State#:% Dir#:1
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