Ginkgolic acids / SUMO Cancer Research Results

GAs, Ginkgolic acids: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:

Ginkgolic acids (GAs) are a group of naturally occurring 2-hydroxy-6-alkylsalicylic acids found in Ginkgo biloba leaves, seeds and especially the seed coat. Major congeners include ginkgolic acid C13:0, C15:1 and C17:1. Ginkgolic acids have demonstrated antimicrobial, antiviral, autophagy-modulating and anticancer activities in preclinical studies. In cancer models, GAs can suppress proliferation, migration and invasion and promote apoptosis through mechanisms including inhibition of SUMOylation, STAT3 signalling, Hsp90 activity and other oncogenic pathways. Individual congeners can differ substantially in potency and biological activity, so specific forms such as C15:1 or C17:1 should be recorded separately when identified. Ginkgolic acids are kept separate from standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts because they are considered potentially toxic constituents and are deliberately reduced to very low concentrations in purified medicinal ginkgo preparations. Current anticancer evidence is predominantly preclinical.



SUMO, SUMOylation: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:

SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification in which small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins (SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3) are covalently attached to target proteins. The pathway uses the SUMO E1 activating complex SAE1/UBA2, the E2 conjugating enzyme UBE2I/UBC9 and various E3 SUMO ligases, including members of the PIAS family. SUMOylation regulates protein stability, localization, transcription, chromatin structure, DNA-damage repair, cell-cycle progression and cellular stress responses. The SUMO pathway is frequently increased or dysregulated in cancer and can support proliferation, DNA repair, oncogenic signalling, invasion, metastasis and resistance to cellular stress or anticancer therapy. Consequently, the typical cancer-associated direction is generally up, while the desired anticancer modulation is commonly down or inhibition of SUMO conjugation. However, effects are substrate-dependent because SUMOylation of individual proteins can have either tumour-promoting or tumour-suppressive consequences. SUMOylation is an umbrella pathway target, with SAE1, UBA2, UBE2I/UBC9,SUMO1/2/3 and specific SUMO-modified proteins recorded separately when identified.



Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7204- GAs,    The Pharmacology and Toxicology of Ginkgolic Acids: Secondary Metabolites from Ginkgo biloba
- Review, Nor, NA
AntiTum↑, SUMO↓, antiNeop↑, *Inflam↓, *Bacteria↓, *AntiViral↑, *toxicity↑, *ROS↑, *toxicity↝,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

SUMO↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

antiNeop↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 3

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

ROS↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

toxicity↑, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiViral↑, 1,   Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 6

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: SUMO, SUMOylation
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:436  Target#:1609  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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