cal2 Cancer Research Results

cal2, calpain-2: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Calpain-2 is a calcium-dependent cysteine protease that plays important roles in a variety of cellular processes, including migration, adhesion, signal transduction, and apoptosis.
In many cancer types, Calpain-2 is found to be upregulated. Elevated levels of Calpain-2 have been associated with enhanced proteolytic activity, which can contribute to cancer progression by facilitating processes such as cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
• The increased expression of Calpain-2 in cancer cells can promote the degradation of cytoskeletal and adhesion proteins, thereby aiding in tumor cell detachment and dissemination. This is particularly relevant during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and remodeling of the extracellular matrix.
• Calpain-2 activity, which is regulated by intracellular Ca²⁺ levels and calpastatin (its endogenous inhibitor), may also influence signal transduction pathways that are critical for cell proliferation and survival. Alterations in these regulatory mechanisms in a tumor setting can amplify Calpain-2’s impact.

Calpain-2 is commonly upregulated in many cancer types, and this increased expression is thought to promote tumor progression by enhancing cellular invasiveness, migration, and survival through its proteolytic actions.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1098- BA,    Baicalein inhibits fibronectin-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition by decreasing activation and upregulation of calpain-2
- in-vitro, Nor, MCF10 - in-vivo, NA, NA
*TumCMig↓,
*F-actin↓,
*E-cadherin↑,
*ZO-1↑,
*N-cadherin↓,
*Vim↓,
*Snail↓,
*cal2↓, baicalein inhibited calpain-2 by decreasing intracellular calcium ion levels
*Ca+2↝, Effects of baicalein on fibronectin (FN)-induced intracellular elevation of Ca2+ Returns elevated levels close to back to original levels.

2776- Bos,    Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of frankincense: Targets, treatments and toxicities
- Review, Var, NA
*5LO↓, Arthritis Human primary chondrocytes: 5-LOX↓, TNF-α↓, MMP3↓
*TNF-α↓,
*MMP3↓,
*COX1↓, COX-1↓, Leukotriene synthesis by 5-LOX↓
*COX2↓, Arthritis Human blood in vitro: COX-2↓, PGE2↓, TH1 cytokines↓, TH2 cytokines↑
*PGE2↓,
*Th2↑,
*Catalase↑, Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer: CAT↑, SOD↑, NO↑, PGE-2↑
*SOD↑,
*NO↑,
*PGE2↑,
*IL1β↓, inflammation Human PBMC, murine RAW264.7 macrophages: TNFα↓ IL-1β↓, IL-6↓, Th1 cytokines (IFNγ, IL-12)↓, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10)↑; iNOS↓, NO↓, phosphorylation of JNK and p38↓
*IL6↓,
*Th1 response↓,
*Th2↑,
*iNOS↓,
*NO↓,
*p‑JNK↓,
*p38↓,
GutMicro↑, colon carcinogenesis: gut microbiota; pAKT↓, GSK3β↓, cyclin D1↓
p‑Akt↓,
GSK‐3β↓,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
Akt↓, Prostate Ca: AKT and STAT3↓, stemness markers↓, androgen receptor↓, Sp1 promoter binding↓, p21(WAF1/CIP1)↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin D2↓, DR5↑,CHOP↑, caspases-3/-8↑, PARP cleavage, NFκB↓, IKK↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, caspase 3↑, DNA
STAT3↓,
CSCs↓,
AR↓,
P21↑,
DR5↑,
CHOP↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
cl‑PARP↑,
DNAdam↑,
p‑RB1↓, Glioblastoma: pRB↓, FOXM1↓, PLK1↓, Aurora B/TOP2A pathway↓,CDC25C↓, pCDK1↓, cyclinB1↓, Aurora B↓, TOP2A↓, pERK-1/-2↓
FOXM1↓,
TOP2↓,
CDC25↓,
p‑CDK1↓,
p‑ERK↓,
MMP9↓, Pancreas Ca: Ki-67↓, CD31↓, COX-2↓, MMP-9↓, CXCR4↓, VEGF↓
VEGF↓,
angioG↓, Apoptosis↑, G2/M arrest, angiogenesis↓
ROS↑, ROS↑,
Cyt‑c↑, Leukemia : cytochrome c↑, AIF↑, SMAC/DIABLO↑, survivin↓, ICAD↓
AIF↑,
Diablo↑,
survivin↓,
ICAD↓,
ChemoSen↑, Breast Ca: enhancement in combination with doxorubicin
SOX9↓, SOX9↓
ER Stress↑, Cervix Ca : ER-stress protein GRP78↑, CHOP↑, calpain↑
GRP78/BiP↑,
cal2↓,
AMPK↓, Breast Ca: AMPK/mTOR signaling↓
mTOR↓,
ROS↓, Boswellia extracts and its phytochemicals reduced oxidative stress (in terms of inhibition of ROS and RNS generation)

3834- Moringa,    Moringa Oleifera Alleviates Homocysteine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology and Cognitive Impairments
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, Moringa oleifera (MO), a naturally occurring plant with high antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects,
*Inflam↓,
*neuroP↑,
*Aβ↓, decreased Aβ production through downregulation of BACE1.
*BACE↓, protein level of BACE1 was also increased in the Hcy group compared with control, and MO treatment significantly reduced it to control level except for the preventive low dose of MO
*cal2↓, HHcy rats were accompanied by a decrease in calpain activity under MO treatment
*p‑tau↓, MO alleviates tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ pathology i
*ROS↓, HHcy has been reported to induce increase oxidative stress [15] while MO reduced it
*SOD↑, However, treatment with MO significantly prevented and rescued the Hcy induced decrease in SOD activity in both serum (Fig. 1A) and hippocampal lysate
*MDA↓, MO treatment decreased the level of serum (Fig. 1C) and hippocampal (Fig. 1D) MDA elevated by the Hcy injection in the rats.
*cognitive↑, MO attenuated the cognitive impairments induced by homocysteine
*memory↑, These results indicate that MO treatment significantly prevented and improved Hcy induced learning and memory deficits.

3955- Taur,    Mechanism of neuroprotective function of taurine
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Ca+2↓, 1. Inhibition of glutamate-induced calcium influx through L-, N- and P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels and NMDA receptor calcium channel;
*MMP↑, 2. Attenuation of glutamate-induced membrane depolarization;
*Apoptosis↓, 3. Prevention of glutamate-induced apoptosis via preventing glutamate-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2;
*Bcl-2↑,
*cal2↓, preventing glutamate-induced membrane depolarization, elevation of [Ca2+]i, activation of calpain, reduction of Bcl-2 and apoptosis.
*LDH↓, LDH release was largely inhibited by taurine

3950- Taur,    Taurine Supplementation as a Neuroprotective Strategy upon Brain Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
- Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, AD, NA
*Ca+2↝, taurine homeostasis can impact a number of biological processes, such as osmolarity control, calcium homeostasis, and inhibitory neurotransmission, and have been reported in both metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.
*neuroP↑, taurine can afford neuroprotection in individuals with obesity and diabetes.
*other↝, Notably, both methionine and cysteine produced from protein degradation can generate taurine as an end-product
*pH↝, Taurine might counteract extreme mitochondrial pH fluctuations and help preserve mitochondrial physiology.
*ROS∅, Taurine is not able to act as a radical scavenger
eff↑, Taurine also decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and manganese-superoxide dismutase upon tamoxifen toxicity, which contributed to decreasing mitochondrial oxidative stress, measured through lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, a
*MMP↑, In sum, taurine supplementation is proposed to improve the function of the mitochondria, contributing to the preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential, proton gradient, and matrix pH that are critical for energy metabolism and efficient oxidat
*Apoptosis↓, Taurine was found to prevent apoptosis upon many noxious challenges
*other↝, The most striking neuroprotective effects of taurine were observed on the reduction of apoptotic rates and the improvement of neurological outcomes upon brain ischemia.
*ER Stress↓, prevention of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
*Bcl-xL↓, reduction of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and the increase of the pro-apoptotic Bax, preventing cytochrome C release from the mitochondria, and inhibiting the activation of calpain and caspase-3
*BAX↑,
*Cyt‑c↑,
*cal2↓,
*Casp3↓,
*UPR↓, prevent ischemia/hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by inhibiting the unfolded protein response via transcription factor 6 (ATF6), protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) pathways
*other↝, Altogether, one might speculate that taurine loss in patients with AD is linked to worsened cognitive deterioration.
*NF-kB↓, ameliorated the diabetes-induced increase of the transcription factor NF-κβ, involved in inflammatory processes, and the diabetes-induced reduction of Nrf2 and glucose transporters Glut1 and Glut3 in the brain.
*NRF2↑,
*GLUT1↑,
*GLUT3↑,
*memory↑, In mice fed a fat-rich diet, which develop metabolic syndrome, we recently demonstrated that 3% (w/v) taurine supplemented in the drinking water for 2 months prevented memory impairment

3956- Taur,    Mechanisms underlying taurine protection against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity
- Review, AD, NA
*MMP↑, prevention of membrane depolarization, neuronal excitotoxicity and mitochondrial energy failure, increases in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i), activation of calpain, and reduction of Bcl-2 levels.
*Ca+2↓,
*cal2↓,
*Bcl-2↑,


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 6 of 6

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 6

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   CDC25↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   Diablo↑, 1,   DR5↑, 1,   ICAD↓, 1,   survivin↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

SOX9↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

p‑CDK1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   p‑RB1↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CSCs↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TOP2↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

cal2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 1,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 41

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS∅, 1,   SOD↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↑, 3,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

LDH↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 2,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 2,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   p38↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↝, 3,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ER Stress↓, 1,   UPR↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   Ca+2↓, 2,   Ca+2↝, 2,   cal2↓, 5,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   F-actin↓, 1,   MMP3↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   Snail↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   ZO-1↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 1,   NO↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↑, 1,   GLUT3↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   PGE2↑, 1,   Th1 response↓, 1,   Th2↑, 2,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

pH↝, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,   BACE↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

cognitive↑, 1,   memory↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 2,  
Total Targets: 57

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: cal2, calpain-2
3 Taurine
1 Baicalin
1 Boswellia (frankincense)
1 Moringa oleifera
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:1000  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

Home Page