tyrosinase Cancer Research Results

tyrosinase, tyrosinase: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Tyrosinase expression has been evaluated in various cancers—primarily melanoma—and its association with prognosis.
Tyrosinase and Cancer — Melanocytic Lineage Enzyme, Differentiation Marker, and Selective Target
Melanin Synthesis, Lineage Marker, and Therapeutic Handle

– Tyrosinase is normally expressed in melanocytes and is generally maintained in melanomas.
– Elevated tyrosinase expression in blood (detectable tyrosinase mRNA) has been correlated with advanced disease stage and the presence of micrometastases.
Direction of Regulation in Cancer
-Context-specific, but most informative in melanoma:
-Upregulated in differentiated melanocytic tumors
-Downregulated or lost in dedifferentiated, invasive, therapy-resistant melanoma states

Thus, tyrosinase is best read as a lineage/differentiation marker, not a universal oncogenic driver.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7182- CHA,    Chaetocin inhibits IBMX-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells through activation of ERK
- in-vitro, Melanoma, B16-BL6
Mel↓, In the present study, chaetocin significantly inhibited IBMX-induced melanin production and tyrosinase activity without any cytotoxicity
tyrosinase↓, chaetocin down-regulated both the protein and mRNA levels of tyrosinase, which is a specific enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to melanin
MITF↓, protein level of MITF was significantly reduced by chaetocin treatment
ERK↑, chaetocin inhibited melanogenesis via suppressing the protein level of MITF followed by activation of the ERK signaling pathway

6881- FA,    Potential Therapeutic Efficacy of Ferulic Acid and Its Derivatives in the Management of Cancers: A Comprehensive Analysis With Mechanistic Insight
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, FA showed promising anticancer activity through underlying mechanisms, including induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxic effect, cell cycle arrest, apoptotic effect, suppression of invasion and migration, antiproliferative effect, autophagy, and gen
TumCCA↑,
TumCI↓,
TumCMig↓,
TumCP↓,
BioAv↑, FA, indicating lower oral bioavailability is affected by the liver's fast conjugation process; this limitation is overcome by applying a nanoformulation of FA.
BioAv↑, medication's bioavailability is 100% when administered intravenously (IV)
TP53↑, FA could impede cell growth by upregulating the gene expression of TP53 and downregulating the gene expression of CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 in prostate cancer PC-3 cells, resulting in cell cycle arrest in PC-3 cells
CDK2↓,
CDK4↓,
CDK6↓,
JAK2↓, blocking the JAK2/STAT6 immune signaling pathway
STAT6↓,
tyrosinase↓, FA could also decrease tyrosinase activity by directly binding to enzymes
p‑Akt↓, FA lowered phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K in CaSki cells in a dose-dependent way,
p‑PI3K↓,
mTOR↓, FA reduced the amount of mTOR mRNA and Ki-67 protein in A549 lung
Ki-67↓,
Casp3↑, increased the levels of caspase-3 protein
proCasp8↑, FA elevated pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-8, and pro-caspase-9 and PARP cleavage, Bax, and ROS and decreased Bcl-2, Mcl-1, AKT, and PI3K pathway levels in a dose-dependent way
cl‑PARP↑,
BAX↑,
Bcl-2↓,
Mcl-1↓,
MMP9↓, reducing cell invasion, MMP9 mRNA expression, and cyclin D1 and cyclin E levels
cycD1/CCND1↓,
cycE/CCNE↓,
PINK1↑, FA (100 μg/mL) enhanced apoptosis via increasing PINK-1, Parkin and reducing the MMP expression
PARK2↑,
MMP↓,
CycD3↓, reducing the gene expressions of CCND1, CCND2, CCND3, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 level in PC-3 cells
TumAuto⇅, FA has shown anticancer activity via the increase and decrease of autophagy in different types of cancer.
eff↑, by combining with other compounds like 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) [164], epirubicin, gamma radiation [165], aspirin, thyoquinine [166], phenolic and flavonoids, P-coumaric acid [167], 4-vinylguaiacol, caffeic [168], coumaric, and gemcitabine [169].
eff↑, FA and aspirin could trigger apoptotic cell death, p-RB, p21, and p-ERK1/2, cytotoxicity and reduce PCNA and MKI67, growth of tumor in pancreatic cancer.
ALAT↓, figure 5
AST↓,
ALP↓,
VEGF↓,
MMPs↓,
angioG↓,

1656- FA,    Ferulic Acid: A Natural Phenol That Inhibits Neoplastic Events through Modulation of Oncogenic Signaling
- Review, Var, NA
tyrosinase↓,
CK2↓,
TumCP↓,
TumCMig↓,
FGF↓,
FGFR1↓,
PI3K↓,
Akt↓,
VEGF↓,
FGFR1↓,
FGFR2↓,
PDGF↓,
ALAT↓,
AST↓,
TumCCA↑, G0/G1 phase arrest
CDK2↓,
CDK4↓,
CDK6↓,
BAX↓,
Bcl-2↓,
MMP2↓,
MMP9↓,
P53↑,
PARP↑,
PUMA↑,
NOXA↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp9↑,
TIMP1↑,
lipid-P↑,
mtDam↑,
EMT↓,
Vim↓,
E-cadherin↓,
p‑STAT3↓,
COX2/PTGS2↓,
CDC25↓,
RadioS↑,
ROS↑,
DNAdam↑,
γH2AX↑,
PTEN↑,
LC3II↓,
Beclin-1↓,
SOD↓,
Catalase↓,
GPx↓,
Fas↑,
*BioAv↓, ferulic acid stability and limited solubility in aqueous media continue to be key obstacles to its bioavailability, preclinical efficacy, and clinical use.
cMyc↓,
Beclin-1↑, ferulic acid by elevating the levels of the apoptosis and autophagy biomarkers, including beclin-1, Light chain (LC3-I/LC3-II), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK-1), and Parkin
LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↓,

6441- SAO,    Sandalwood Album Oil as a Botanical Therapeutic in Dermatology
- Review, PSA, NA
*Inflam↓, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-proliferative agent.
*eff↑, shown promise in clinical trials for treatment of acne, psoriasis, eczema, common warts, and molluscum contagiosum.
*5LO↓, The oil inhibits the oxidative enzyme 5-lipoxygenase and has DPPH radical scavenging activity and,
*DPPH↓,
*hepatoP↑, in vivo, SAO was able to protect mouse livers from damage resulting from oxidative stress and the formation of reactive oxygen species.
*ROS↓,
*PGE2↓, Production of PGE2 was also suppressed, suggesting that SAO might be acting, at least in part, through inhibition of cyclooxygenase
*IL1β↓, The oil also suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1b, in keratinocytes and reduced irritant dermatitis in mouse skin stimulated with haptens.
*IL17↓, reduce levels of IL-17 and the activity of PDE4.
*PDE4↓,
*tyrosinase↓, Alpha-santalol was found to be an inhibitor of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the skin pigment melanin.
*AntiFungal↑, SAO has demonstrated potent activity against many fungal dermatophytes and yeasts including Trichophyton, Microsporum and Candida
angioG↓, alpha-santalol, the primary component of SAO, is anti-angiogenic and inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate tumors in vitro and in vivo.
TumCG↓,
DNAdam↑, MCF-7) and non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cells (MCF-10A).42 The authors demonstrated that the oil induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breaks in both cell lines.
*Snail↑, SAO enhanced expression of transcription factors (snail, twist) and mesenchymal factor (vimentin), all of which are related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
*Twist↑,
*Vim↑,
*EMT↓,
*toxicity↓, other species of sandalwood, such as Western Australian (Santalum spicatum) or Hawaiian sandalwood (Santalum paniculatum), contain significant percentages of farnesol, an irritant, that is not found in oil from S. album.

4858- Uro,    The Metabolite Urolithin-A Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Neuro-2a Cells, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Agent
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*ROS?, Urolithin A also acted as a direct radical scavenger, showing values of 13.2 μM Trolox Equivalents for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)
*neuroP↑, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Agent
*lipid-P↓, Urolithin A Decreases Lipid Peroxidation in Neuro-2a Cells Subjected to Oxidative Stress (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Species, TBARS)
*Catalase↑, Urolithin A Enhanced the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Neuro-2a Cells Subjected to Oxidative Stress (CAT, SOD, GR, GPx)
*SOD↑,
*GPx↑,
*GSR↑,
*monoA↓, Urolithin A Inhibits Oxidases (Monoamine Oxidase A and Tyrosinase)
*tyrosinase↓,


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 5 of 5

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 5

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

Mel↓, 1,   MITF↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   GPx↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   PARK2↑, 1,   ROS↑, 2,   SOD↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

CDC25↓, 1,   FGFR1↓, 2,   MMP↓, 1,   mtDam↑, 1,   PINK1↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   cMyc↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   BAX↓, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 2,   Casp3↑, 2,   proCasp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   CK2↓, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   NOXA↑, 1,   PUMA↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

Beclin-1↓, 1,   Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↓, 1,   LC3II↓, 1,   TumAuto⇅, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 2,   P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   TP53↑, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK2↓, 2,   CDK4↓, 2,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   CycD3↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   ERK↑, 1,   FGF↓, 1,   FGFR2↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↑, 1,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,   STAT6↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 1,   tyrosinase↓, 3,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

E-cadherin↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 2,   MMPs↓, 1,   PDGF↓, 1,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 2,   Vim↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

CDK6↓, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↑, 2,   eff↑, 2,   RadioS↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 2,   Ki-67↓, 1,   TP53↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 81

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

Catalase↑, 1,   DPPH↓, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   ROS?, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   tyrosinase↓, 2,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   Snail↑, 1,   Twist↑, 1,   Vim↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

IL17↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

monoA↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   eff↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   PDE4↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiFungal↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 26

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: tyrosinase, tyrosinase
2 Ferulic acid
1 chaetocin
1 α-Santalol/Sandalwood oil
1 Urolithin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:1160  State#:%  Dir#:1
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