LPS Cancer Research Results
LPS, LPS: Click to Expand ⟱
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is not an endogenous protein or gene product produced by human cells, but rather a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
• LPS is a potent activator of the innate immune system through receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).
• Its interaction with TLR4 on immune cells (e.g., macrophages, dendritic cells) and sometimes on tumor cells can trigger signaling cascades (e.g., NF-κB pathway) that result in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
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IBD, |
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Stroke, |
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Sepsis, |
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AD, |
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Dose↝, H2 can be administered exogenously and is also produced endogenously within the intestinal tract.
*Inflam↓, Anti‐Inflammatory Effect
*IL1β↓, diabetes combined with stroke, H₂ intervention downregulates the expression levels of proinflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α), while activating the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway to achieve neuroprotective effects
*IL6↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*neuroP↑,
*mTOR↓, sepsis model, H₂ regulates macrophage polarization (inhibiting the M1 phenotype/promoting the M2 phenotype) and inhibits (mTOR) phosphorylation, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators such as IL‐6, TNF‐α, and HMG
*IL10↑, while increasing the levels of anti‐inflammatory factors IL‐10 and Transforming Growth Factor‐beta (TGF‐β)
*TGF-β↑,
*Sepsis↓,
*NRF2↑, whereas Nrf2 induction suppresses these pathways via redox homeostasis modulation
*antiOx↑, figure 1
*Catalase↑,
*SOD↑,
*GPx↑,
*ROS↓, H₂ mediates ROS regulation through Nrf2, inhibiting NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and achieving an antioxidant–anti‐inflammatory synergistic effect
*HO-1↑, H2 can increase the expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) or activate the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)–Akt signaling pathway to improve liver I/R injury
*PI3K↑,
*Akt↑,
*hepatoP↑,
*MPO↓, reduce myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and IL‐1β/TNF‐α levels to alleviate myocardial injury
*cardioP↑,
CDK4↓, Studies have demonstrated that H2 inhibits CDK4 and CDK6 to restrict lung cancer progression
CDK6↑,
CD47↓, H₂ can reverse immune escape in lung cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of CD47 and activating the apoptosis program
PI3K↓, H2 promotes apoptosis by downregulating Akt phosphorylation and inhibiting the PI3K signaling pathway in non‐small cell lung cancer.
Akt↓,
Hif1a↓, inhalation of H2 suppresses Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Subunit (HIF‐1α)/NF‐κB signaling pathway activation and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells
selectivity↑, This bidirectional regulatory capability allows H₂ to protect normal tissues from excessive apoptosis (such as inflammation‐induced cell death) while selectively inducing apoptosis in tumor cells.
*MMP↑, howed that after treating septic rats with HRS, the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content was improved.
*ATP↑,
*ER Stress↓, H₂ alleviated inflammation and organ damage by inhibiting ER stress and activating the autophagy pathway in septic mice
*CHOP/DDIT3↓, H2 could downregulate the expression of CHOP, caspase‐12, and GRP78, while inhibiting p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and upregulating the LC3‐II/I ratio
*Casp12↓,
*GRP78/BiP↓,
*p38↓,
*p‑JNK↓,
*LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑,
*p‑eIF2α↓, HRW prevents IBD in mice by reducing levels of p‐eIF2α, ATF4, XBP1, and CHOP, key proteins in ER stress.
*ATF4↓,
*XBP-1↓,
*Imm↑, H₂ exhibit multidimensional characteristics, primarily enhancing immunity by protecting immune organs,
*IFN-γ↓, H2 treatment inhibited several T‐cell effector molecules, such as IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and GZMB
*IL4↓,
*GranB/GZMB↓,
NK cell↑, After inhaling H₂ for 2 weeks, patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer showed significant improvement in T‐cell exhaustion. (NK) subgroups was higher than the pretreatment percentag
radioP↑, HRS can protect against radiation‐induced immune dysfunction by restoring the number of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in the spleen.
*CD4+↑,
CD8+↑,
*Dose↝, Common delivery methods include inhalation, oral administration of HRW, injection of HRS, promotion of endogenous H2 production
*other↑, H2, which fall within the explosive range at concentrations ranging from 4 to 74%, it is essential to specify the concentration of H2 for inhalation therapy.
*Dose↝, China National Health Commission recommends the administration of oxygen–H2 mixture (33.3% O2 and 66.6% H2)
*antiPs↑, HRW baths exhibit inhibitory effects on inflammation and oxidative stress while demonstrating therapeutic benefits for conditions such as psoriasis
*BioAv↝, the solubility of H2 in water at room temperature and pressure is limited to a maximum of 0.8mM109, resulting in limited efficacy when orally administered.
*GutMicro↑, inhalation of H2 modulates the gut flora to ameliorate acute alcoholic liver injury. H2 altered the composition of the GM, leading to an increase in the relative abundance of Mycobacterium anisopliae and Mycobacterium thickum
Dose↝, CRC cell lines (ROK/SW480/HCT116) and xenograft mouse models,Inhalation of 66% H2 (66% H2 and 33% O2);Duration: 2 h a day for 21 days
*IBI↑, orally administered silicon H2 nanoparticles (SiH NPs) for targeted scavenging of ROS at inflammatory sites, thereby alleviating symptoms of IBD and restoring GM diversity by enhancing the abundance of beneficial bacteria.
TumCP↓, H2 inhibits tumor cell activity, proliferation, invasion, and migration through various molecular mechanisms, in a manner that depends on both dose and time.
TumCI↓,
TumCMig↓,
CD8+↑, H2 Improves Prognosis by Restoring Depleted CD8+ T Cells in Patients with CRC Cancer
PGC-1α↑, It has been shown that H2 can activate PGC‐1α to restore mitochondrial function and rescue depleted CD8+T cells
Akt↓, H2 Inhibits CRC Cell Proliferation by Suppressing the AKT/SCD1 Pathway
SCD1↓,
*MDA↓, The results showed that H2 water alone significantly improved detected antioxidant markers (SOD and CAT) and reduced MDA levels.
eff↑, combination of H2 water and 5‐fluorouracil significantly attenuated MDA levels more effectively than 5‐fluorouracil alone
*APP↓, H2 gas significantly inhibited the overexpression of APP, BACE1, and sAP, thereby reducing Aβ production.
*BACE/β-secretase↓,
*Aβ↓,
*cognitive↑, This intervention effectively halted the progression of AD, alleviating cognitive impairment, synaptic deficits, and neuronal death
*neuroP↑, regulation of GM(gutmicrobiome) by HRW considered a key mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects.
NP/CIPN↓, mice with chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain caused by oxaliplatin, drinking HRW significantly reduced inflammation by inhibiting the LPS–TLR4 pathway and decreasing the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐6.
*Stroke↓, inhalation of 2% H2 gas significantly reduced levels of myocardial injury markers, such as creatine kinase‐MB and cardiac troponin‐T, while protecting myocardial tissue from further damage by inhibiting autophagy.
*NLRP3↓, daily inhalation of 2% H2 gas for 3 h over 28 days effectively suppressed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced cardiac fibrosis, and improved cardiac function
*ALAT↓, 4% H2 outperforming 67% H2 in reducing liver enzyme levels Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and lipid accumulation.
*AST↓,
*LPS↓, inhalation of 4% H2 in an NAFLD rat model significantly lowered plasma LPS levels, inhibited the LPS/TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway to reduce liver inflammation
*hepatoP↑, drinking HRW, indicating its hepatoprotective effects
chemoP↑, injecting HRS in rats effectively reduced ALT and AST levels caused by doxorubicin, decreased ROS and MDA production, and regulated the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio to alleviate inflammation and apoptosis.
*creat↓, mouse model of kidney injury induced by a high‐oxalate diet, HRW consumption markedly improved serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and kidney injury markers such as kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1)
*Urea↓,
*RenoP↑,
*eff↑, higher concentrations of H2 gas (67%) produced more pronounced improvements in kidney histology and morphology compared with lower concentrations (4%)
Apoptosis↑, H2 gas increased apoptosis in A549 cells while reducing the expression of XIAP and BIRC3 proteins in studies on A549 cells and their nude mouse models.
XIAP↓,
IAP2/BIRC3↓,
TumVol↓, inhalation of 60% H2 gas significantly reduced tumor volume in experimental mice
MALAT1↓, In gastric cancer research, Zhu et al. [10] found that H2 gas downregulated the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 and EZH2 while upregulating miR‐124‐3p
EZH2↓,
miR-124-3p↓,
eff↑, combining platinum nanocolloid (Pt‐nc) with H2 gas effectively inhibited the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells
ChemoSen↑, combining H2 therapy with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, demonstrating improved efficacy and reduced side effects
*compII↑, allergic airway inflammation, showing that H2 increased ATP production as well as the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III
*compIII↑,
*LDL↓, H2‐enriched water in humans, showing that supplementation with H2‐enriched water appeared to reduce serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels,
*Obesity↓, H2 may play a beneficial role in the prevention of potential metabolic syndrome
QoL↑, 82 patients with stage III and IV cancers receiving H2 inhalation therapy. They found that H2 inhalation improved the quality of life
PFS↑, Sixteen months of follow‐up found that progression‐free survival in the control group was lower than that in the H2 inhalation group alone, and significantly lower than that in the other three combination therapy groups.
*ROS↓, reduces reactive oxygen species, which have very strong oxidative capacity, and indirectly exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
*antiOx↑,
*Inflam↓,
*chemoP↑, Our comprehensive literature review revealed that H2 protects against tissue injuries induced by cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and gefitinib.
AntiCan↑, Animal and clinical studies showed that H2 itself exhibits anticancer activity, and its combination with anticancer drugs achieved excellent anticancer activity
ChemoSen↑,
chemoP↑, Our literature review revealed that H2 reduced the side effects of CIS-induced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and ovarian injury, CIS- or OXA-induced peripheral neuropathy, DXR-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, and BLM- or GEF-induced lung inj
*BUN↓, CIS Nephrotoxicity BUN ↓, Creatinine ↓, TUNEL ↓
*creat↓,
*TUNEL↓,
*MDA↓, CIS Ototoxicity MDA ↓, 8-iso-PGF2α ↓
*SOD↑, CIS Ovarian injury SOD ↑, CAT ↑, MDA ↓, Nrf2 ↑
*Catalase↑,
*NRF2↑,
*BNP↓, DXR Cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity BNP ↓, AST ↓, ALT ↓, ROS ↓, MDA ↓, TNF-α ↓, IL-1β ↓, IL-6 ↓, TUNEL ↓, Bax/Bcl-2 ↓, Caspase-3 ↓, Caspase-8 ↓
*AST↓,
*ALAT↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*IL1β↓,
*IL6↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Casp9↓,
*GPx↑, BLM Lung injury ROS ↓, MDA ↓ TGF-β1 ↓,TNF-α ↓, GSH-PX ↑, E-cadherin ↑, Vimentin ↓, α-SMA ↓, Collagen I ↓
*E-cadherin↑,
*Vim↓,
*α-SMA↓,
*COL1↓,
*cardioP↑, H2 ameliorated DXR-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity by attenuating inflammation and apoptosis.
*hepatoP↑,
*p‑mTOR↓, decreased the phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) to mTOR
*EMT↓, H2 gas also inhibited BLM-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by increasing the expression level of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and decreasing that of the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin [
eff∅, On the other hand, H2 did not impair the anticancer effects of GEF in in vitro experiments on lung cancer cell lines or in in vivo experiments on carcinoma-bearing mice
*LPS↓, figure 2
*TLR4↓,
radioP↑, radioprotective effects of H2 have also been reported in many in vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical trials recently showed that the inhalation of H2 gas mitigated decreases in quality of life and bone marrow damage associated with radiation [
*Aβ↓, The high-dose ISO treatment significantly decreased amyloid beta 42-positive deposition by 38.1% and 45.2% in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, of AP mice
*Dose↝, low dose of ISO (AP + ISO-L; 25 mg/kg) or a high dose of ISO (AP + ISO-H; 50 mg/kg)
*p‑tau↓, both ISO treatments reduced brain phospho-Tau, phosphor-p65, phosphor-inhibitor of NF-κB, and brain and serum LPS and TNF-α by 17.9%-72.5% and increased brain and serum IL-4 and IL-10
*p‑p65↓,
*NF-kB↓,
*LPS↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*IL4↑,
*IL10↑,
*GutMicro↑, The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a potential mechanism by which ISO reduces AD-related markers in AP mice.
*Weight↓, VD3 supplementation reduced body weight and the levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, TNF-α, IL-1β and LPS, and increased ZO-1 in HFD-fed mice
*TNF-α↓,
*IL1β↓,
LPS↓,
*ZO-1↑,
*GutMicro↑, increased α-diversity, reduced F/B ratio and altered microbiota composition by increasing relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrio, Dehalobacterium, Odoribacter, and Parabacteroides and reducing relative abundance of Firmic
Showing Research Papers: 1 to 4 of 4
* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 4
Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:
NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ
CD47↓, 1, miR-124-3p↓, 1, PFS↑, 1,
Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ
PGC-1α↑, 1, XIAP↓, 1,
Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ
SCD1↓, 1,
Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ
Akt↓, 2, Apoptosis↑, 1, IAP2/BIRC3↓, 1,
Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ
EZH2↓, 1,
Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ
CDK4↓, 1,
Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ
PI3K↓, 1,
Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ
MALAT1↓, 1, TumCI↓, 1, TumCMig↓, 1, TumCP↓, 1,
Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ
Hif1a↓, 1,
Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ
LPS↓, 1, NK cell↑, 1,
Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ
CDK6↑, 1,
Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ
ChemoSen↑, 2, Dose↝, 2, eff↑, 2, eff∅, 1, selectivity↑, 1,
Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ
EZH2↓, 1,
Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ
AntiCan↑, 1, chemoP↑, 2, NP/CIPN↓, 1, QoL↑, 1, radioP↑, 2, TumVol↓, 1,
Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ
CD8+↑, 2,
Total Targets: 33
Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:
NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ
compII↑, 1, Stroke↓, 1,
Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ
antiOx↑, 2, Catalase↑, 2, GPx↑, 2, HO-1↑, 1, MDA↓, 2, MPO↓, 1, NRF2↑, 2, ROS↓, 2, SOD↑, 2,
Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ
ATP↑, 1, compIII↑, 1, MMP↑, 1,
Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ
ALAT↓, 2, BUN↓, 1, LDL↓, 1,
Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ
Akt↑, 1, Casp12↓, 1, Casp3↓, 1, Casp9↓, 1, GranB/GZMB↓, 1, p‑JNK↓, 1, p38↓, 1, TUNEL↓, 1,
Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ
other↑, 1,
Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ
CHOP/DDIT3↓, 1, p‑eIF2α↓, 1, ER Stress↓, 1, GRP78/BiP↓, 1, XBP-1↓, 1,
Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ
LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1,
Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ
EMT↓, 1, mTOR↓, 1, p‑mTOR↓, 1, PI3K↑, 1,
Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ
APP↓, 1, COL1↓, 1, E-cadherin↑, 1, TGF-β↑, 1, Vim↓, 1, ZO-1↑, 1, α-SMA↓, 1,
Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ
ATF4↓, 1,
Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ
IBI↑, 1,
Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ
CD4+↑, 1, IFN-γ↓, 1, IL10↑, 2, IL1β↓, 3, IL4↓, 1, IL4↑, 1, IL6↓, 2, Imm↑, 1, Inflam↓, 2, LPS↓, 3, NF-kB↓, 1, p‑p65↓, 1, TLR4↓, 1, TNF-α↓, 4,
Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ
p‑tau↓, 1,
Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ
Aβ↓, 2, BACE/β-secretase↓, 1, NLRP3↓, 1,
Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ
BNP↓, 1,
Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ
BioAv↝, 1, Dose↝, 3, eff↑, 1,
Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ
ALAT↓, 2, AST↓, 2, creat↓, 2, GutMicro↑, 3, IL6↓, 2, Urea↓, 1,
Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ
antiPs↑, 1, cardioP↑, 2, chemoP↑, 1, cognitive↑, 1, hepatoP↑, 3, neuroP↑, 2, Obesity↓, 1, RenoP↑, 1, Weight↓, 1,
Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ
Sepsis↓, 1,
Total Targets: 83
Scientific Paper Hit Count for: LPS, LPS
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include :
-low or high Dose
-format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
-different cell line effects
-synergies with other products
-if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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