NOX Cancer Research Results

NOX, NADPH oxidase: Click to Expand ⟱
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Type:
NOX refers to the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) by transferring electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen. Several NOX isoforms (e.g., NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, etc.) have been implicated in cancer biology.

-NOX1 and NOX4 are frequently found to be upregulated in colorectal, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, while NOX2 is associated with cells in the tumor microenvironment (like macrophages).
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2558- AL,    Allicin, an Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agent, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment
- Review, AD, NA
*AntiCan↑, Allicin has shown anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and also serves as an efficient therapeutic agent against cardiovascular diseases
*antiOx↑,
*cardioP↑,
*neuroP↑, present review describes allicin as an antioxidant, and neuroprotective molecule
cognitive↑, that can ameliorate the cognitive abilities in case of neurodegenerative and neuropsychological disorders.
*ROS↓, As an antioxidant, allicin fights the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by downregulation of NOX (NADPH oxidizing) enzymes, it can directly interact to reduce the cellular levels of different types of ROS produced by a variety of peroxidases.
*NOX↓,
*TLR4↓, inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, P38 and JNK pathways.
*NF-kB↓,
*JNK↓,
*AntiAg↑, A low concentration of allicin (0.4 mM) can inhibit the platelet aggregation up to 90%, the impact is significantly higher than of similar concentration of aspirin.
*H2S↑, Allicin decomposes rapidly and undergoes a series of reactions with glutathione resulting in the production of hydrogen sulphide (H2S).
*BP↓, H2S is a gaseous signalling molecule involved in the regulation of blood pressure.
Telomerase↓, Allicin inhibits the activity of telomerase in a dose dependent manner subsequently inhibiting the proliferation in the cancer cells
*Insulin↑, Studies have shown a significant increase in the blood insulin levels after treatment with allicin
BioAv↝, optimum temperature for the activity of alliinase is 33 °C, it operates best at pH 6.5, the enzyme is sensitive to acids [42,43] (Figure 3), enteric-coated formulations of garlic supplements are therefore recommended
*GSH↑, It helps to lower the hyperglycaemic conditions and improves the glutathione and catalase biosynthesis [37,38]
*Catalase↑,

3685- Ash,    Withania somnifera as a Potential Anxiolytic and Anti-inflammatory Candidate Against Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation
- in-vivo, NA, NA
*TNF-α↓, Suppression of reactive gliosis, inflammatory cytokines production like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and expression of nitro-oxidative stress enzymes like iNOS, COX2, NOX2 etc were observed in ASH-WEX-treated animals.
*IL1β↓,
*IL6↓,
*iNOS↓,
*COX2↓,
*NOX↓,
*cognitive↑, ameliorates associated behavioral abnormalities
*Inflam↓,
*NF-kB↓, ASH-WEX-Mediated Inhibition of NFkB Pathway

5873- CA,    Carnosic acid serves as a dual Nrf2 activator and PTEN/AKT suppressor to inhibit traumatic heterotopic ossification
- vitro+vivo, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, CA activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1), leading to increased antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced intracellular ROS levels.
*NOX↓,
*TAC↑,
*ROS↓, CA reduces intracellular ROS via Keap1/Nrf2 signalling and increases antioxidant enzyme expression
*NQO1↑, CA treatment enhanced the expression of Nrf2 (Figs. 4C and F), and the content of NQO1
*p‑PTEN↑, CA intervention significantly upregulated p-PTEN expression
RUNX2↓, CA inhibits the expression of Runx2 and SOX9
SOX9↓,

2437- Gra,    Graviola inhibits hypoxia-induced NADPH oxidase activity in prostate cancer cells reducing their proliferation and clonogenicity
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Nor, PWR-1E
NOX↓, GPE could be useful in the prevention of PCa progression via inhibiting NOX activity
selectivity↑, GPE treatment neither inhibited NOX activity nor showed any cytotoxicity against non-neoplastic prostate epithelial PWR-1E cells.

4209- Hup,    Huperzine A, reduces brain iron overload and alleviates cognitive deficit in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia
- in-vivo, NA, NA
*ROS↓, HuA improves synaptic plasticity and decreases ROS level in CIH mice
*cognitive↑, HuA significantly improved cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of CIH mice via increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibiting caspase-3 cleavage.
*neuroP↑,
*Bax:Bcl2↓,
*Casp3↑,
*NADPH↓, HuA considerably decreased ROS levels by downregulating the high levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX 2, NOX 4) mediated by CIH.
*NOX↓,
*TfR1/CD71↓, Decreased levels of TfR1 and FTL proteins observed in HuA treated CIH group, could reduce iron overload in hippocampus. HuA increased PSD 95 protein expression, CREB activation and BDNF protein expression
*Iron↓,
*PSD95↑,
*BDNF↑,

3268- Lyco,    Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders
- Review, AD, NA
*BioAv↓, Lycopene bioavailability can be decreased by ageing, and some of the pathological states, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
*AntiCan↑, For instance, it has been shown that a higher dietary intake and circulating concentration of lycopene have protective effects against prostate cancer (PCa), in a dose-dependent way
*ROCK1↓, It remarkably lessened the expression of ROCK1, Ki-67, ICAM-1 and ROCK2,
*Ki-67↓,
*ICAM-1↓,
*cardioP↑, Lycopene is a cardioprotective nutraceutical.
*antiOx↑, Lycopene is a well-known antioxidant.
*NQO1↑, Furthermore, lycopene supplementation improves mRNA expressions of the NQO-1 and HO-1 as antioxidant enzymes.
*HO-1↑,
*TNF-α↓, downregulate inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the hippocampus of the mice.
*IL22↓,
*NRF2↑, Lycopene decreased neuronal oxidative damage by activating Nrf2, as well as by inactivating NF-κB translocation in H2O2-related SH-SY5Y cell model
*NF-kB↓,
*MDA↓, significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA)
*Catalase↑, Furthermore, it improved the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GSH levels, and antioxidant capacity [109].
*SOD↑,
*GSH↑,
*cognitive↑, Lycopene administration considerably improved cognitive defects, noticeably reduced MDA levels and elevated GSH-Px activity, and remarkably reduced tau
*tau↓,
*hepatoP↑, Lycopene was also found to be effective against hepatotoxicity by acting as an antioxidant, regulating total glutathione (tGSH) and CAT concentrations
*MMP2↑, It also elevated MMP-2 down-regulation
*AST↓, lowering the liver enzymes levels, like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), LDL, free fatty acid, and MDA.
*ALAT↓,
*P450↑, Moreover, tomato powder has been shown to have a protective agent against alcohol-induced hepatic injury by inducing cytochrome p450 2E1
*DNAdam↓, lycopene decreased DNA damage
*ROS↓, It has been revealed that they inhibited ROS production, protected antioxidant enzymes, and reversed hepatotoxicity in rats’ liver
*neuroP↑, lycopene consumption relieved cognitive defects, age-related memory loss, neuronal damage, and synaptic dysfunction of the brain.
*memory↑,
*Ca+2↓, Lycopene suppressed the 4-AP-invoked release of glutamate and elevated intra-synaptosomal Ca2+ level.
*Dose↝, an in vivo study revealed that lycopene (6.5 mg/day) was effective against cancer in men [147]. However, lycopene dose should be increased up to 10 mg/day, in the case of advanced PCa.
*Dose↑, lycopene supplementation (15 mg/day, for 12 weeks) in an old aged population improved immune function through increasing natural killer cell activity by 28%
*Dose↝, Finally, according to different epidemiological studies, daily lycopene intake can be suggested to be 2 to 20 mg per day
*toxicity∅, A toxicological study on rats showed the no-observed-adverse-effect level at the highest examined dose (i.e., 1.0% in the diet)
PGE2↓, Lycopene doses of 0, 10, 20, and 30 µM were used to treat human colorectal cancer cell. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and NO levels declined after lycopene administration,
CDK2↓, Treatment with lycopene reduced cell hyperproliferation induced by UVB and ultimately promoted apoptosis and reduced CDK2 and CDK4 complex in SKH-1 hairless mice
CDK4↓,
STAT3↓, lycopene reduced the STAT3 expression in ovarian tissues
NOX↓, (SK-Hep-1) cells and indicated a substantial reduction in NOX activity. Moreover, it inhibits the protein expression of NOX4, NOX4 mRNA and ROS intracellular amounts
NOX4↓,
ROS↓,
*SREBP1↓, Lycopene decreases the fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) expression in HFD mice.
*FASN↓,
*ACC↓,

3848- MSM,    Modulatory effect of methylsulfonylmethane against BPA/γ-radiation induced neurodegenerative alterations in rats: Influence of TREM-2/DAP-12/Syk pathway
- in-vitro, AD, NA
*ROS↓, MSM treatment improved histopathological insults and ameliorated level of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and AD markers as well as modulated TREM-2/DAP-12/Syk pathway.
*Inflam↓,
*neuroP↑, The crucial role of MSM in the exerted neuroprotection is elicited via enhancing estrogen receptors signaling (ERα and ERβ), restoring Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling and promoting redoxins (Trx-1 and Grx-1)
*ER(estro)↑,
*NRF2↑,
*HO-1↑,
*Trx1↑,
*TXNIP↓, along with inhibiting TXNIP, reducing oxidative stress (MDA and NOx) and up-regulating anti- oxidant machinery (GSH, GPx, SOD and CAT), d
*MDA↓,
*NOX↓,
*GSH↑,
*GPx↑,
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*BDNF↑, retrieving BDNF level and suppressing AchE activity, reducing tau-phosphorylation and curbing NFTs formation, decreasing AB production.
*AChE↓,
*p‑tau↓,
*Aβ↓,

3182- SFN,    Sulforaphane Modulates AQP8-Linked Redox Signalling in Leukemia Cells
- in-vitro, AML, NA
Prx↓, The results show that the cell treatment with 10 μM SFN for 24 h significantly decreased Prx-1 expression.
AQPs↓, Results indicated that sulforaphane inhibited both aquaporin-8 and Nox2 expression, thus decreasing B1647 cells viability.
NOX↓,
tumCV↓,
AntiCan↑, In addition to its well-known anticancer activity [2], SFN has been demonstrated to possess cardioprotective [3], neuroprotective [4], and anti-inflammatory activities
cardioP↑,
neuroP↑,
Inflam↓,
chemoPv↑, potent chemopreventive effect of SFN is based on its ability to target multiple mechanisms within the cell to control carcinogenesis
angioG↓, SFN prevents uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation through the modulation of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest [5, 8], angiogenesis [9, 10], and metastasis
TumMeta↓,
selectivity↑, SFN is able to selectively exert cytotoxic effects in many human cancer cells without affecting normal cells
ROS↓, Results in Figure 4 show that only 10 μM SFN treatment causes a significant decrease of ROS intracellular levels in respect to control cells,


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 8 of 8

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 8

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

NOX4↓, 1,   Prx↓, 1,   ROS↓, 2,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Telomerase↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

SOX9↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

tumCV↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

RUNX2↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TumMeta↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

AQPs↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,  

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

NOX↓, 3,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↝, 1,   selectivity↑, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoPv↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 23

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   Catalase↑, 3,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 3,   HO-1↑, 2,   Iron↓, 1,   MDA↓, 2,   NQO1↑, 2,   NRF2↑, 3,   ROS↓, 5,   SOD↑, 2,   TAC↑, 1,   Trx1↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

TfR1/CD71↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Insulin↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACC↓, 1,   ALAT↓, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   H2S↑, 1,   NADPH↓, 1,   SREBP1↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   JNK↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

p‑PTEN↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   Ca+2↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP2↑, 1,   ROCK1↓, 1,   TXNIP↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL22↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 3,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

NOX↓, 5,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,   BDNF↑, 2,   PSD95↑, 1,   tau↓, 1,   p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

ER(estro)↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 2,   P450↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BP↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 2,   cognitive↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 1,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 4,   toxicity∅, 1,  
Total Targets: 66

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: NOX, NADPH oxidase
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Carnosic acid
1 Graviola
1 Huperzine A/Huperzia serrata
1 Lycopene
1 Methylsulfonylmethane
1 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

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