ACE/ACE1 Cancer Research Results

ACE/ACE1, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 1: Click to Expand ⟱
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ACE - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 1

Abbreviation: ACE, ACE1, CD143

Type: Zinc metallopeptidase / renin-angiotensin system enzyme

Function: Converts angiotensin I to the biologically active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and degrades bradykinin. ACE regulates blood pressure, vascular function, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling through the classical renin-angiotensin system.

Cancer: ↑ Increased ACE/angiotensin II signaling can promote tumor-associated inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, fibrosis, invasion, and metastasis, particularly through downstream AT1R signaling. ACE inhibition can suppress tumor growth and angiogenic signaling in several experimental cancer models.

Alzheimer's Disease: ↕ Context-dependent. ACE participates in potentially harmful angiotensin II-mediated vascular, oxidative, and inflammatory signaling, but also directly degrades amyloid-β and can convert Aβ42 toward Aβ40. ACE levels and activity therefore show complex compartment-dependent relationships with Alzheimer's pathology.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7367- HibSad,  CUR,  Moringa,  CAP,  RosA  Natural angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: A safeguard against hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic kidney diseases
- Review, Nor, NA
*ACE/ACE1↓, Many herbs including Rosmarinus officinalis, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Curcuma longa, Rauwolfia serpentina, Emblica officinalis, Cynara scolymus, Punica granatum, Mucuna pruriens, Capsicum annuum, and Moringa olifera were found having ACE inhibitory activ

7361- HibSad,    Hibiscus sabdariffa L. - a phytochemical and pharmacological review
- Review, Var, NA
*Bacteria↓, Extracts showed antibacterial, anti-oxidant, nephro- and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, effects on lipid metabolism (anti-cholesterol), anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects among others.
*hepatoP↑,
*diuretic↑,
*LDL↓,
*antiOx↑, This might be linked to strong antioxidant activities, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), and direct vaso-relaxant effect or calcium channel modulation.
*ACE/ACE1↓,
*Ca+2↝,
*toxicity↓, Hs has an excellent safety and tolerability record.
*ROS↓, The antioxidant activity of the extract is due to its strong scavenging effect on reactive oxygen and free radicals
*RenoP↑, Two studies were reported on the nephroprotective activity of Hs extracts on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats

7360- HibSad,    Inhibition of angiotensin convertin enzyme (ACE) activity by the anthocyanins delphinidin- and cyanidin-3-O-sambubiosides from Hibiscus sabdariffa
- Study, Nor, NA
*diuretic↑, The beverages of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces are widely used in Mexico as diuretic, for treating gastrointestinal disorders, liver diseases, fever, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension
*BP↓, Different works have demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts reduce blood pressure in humans,
*ACE/ACE1↓, we demonstrated that this effect is due to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity.

7896- IVT,  VT,    Molecular targets of vitexin and isovitexin in cancer therapy: a critical review
- Review, Var, NA
chemoPv↑, Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that vitexin and isovitexin are chemopreventive compounds with activity against various cancers through proapoptotic processes and/or autophagy.
Dose↝, Vitexin and isovitexin are the main constituents of the fruits of Cucurbitaceae, mung beans (Vigna radiata), pigeon pea leaves (Cajanus cajan Millsp.), bamboo leave
ACE/ACE1↓, Experimental studies showed that flavone C-glycosides act as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and have vasodilatory, -blocking, and/ or Ca 2+ channel-blocking activities.
Ca+2↓,
*iNOS↓, C-glycosides reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*ROS↓, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation
*Stroke↓, provide protective effects against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Apoptosis↑, Vitexin-triggered apoptosis was generally accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2 protein levels, as well as an increase in caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein expression.
MMP↓,
Bcl-2↓,
Casp3↑,
Casp9↑,
TumAuto↑, In heat stress–related research, vitexin promoted autophagy through the upregulation of Hsp90 expression and subsequent activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
HSP90↑,
ER Stress↑,
Hif1a↓, vitexin and isovitexin was found in PC12 and CORL-23 cells by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1a)
TumMeta↓, resulting in the reduction of the metastatic prospective of PC12 and CORL-23 cells and angiogenesis.
angioG↓, They are prominent antiangiogenic potential agents
Tf↓, Isovitexin and vitexin were found to bind to transferrin (TF), 38 one type of iron-binding glycoprotein that is highly expressed in fast-growing cells, including cancer cells
MAPK↓, Molecular targets for flavone C-glycosides comprise the mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase C (PKC), PI3K-Akt, and -catenin pathways
PI3K↓,
Akt↓,
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
TumCCA↑, Vitexin inhibited growth and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 /G0 by regulating the Akt/FOXO3a pathway
FOXO3↓,
mTOR↓, Vitexin inhibits choriocarcinoma via inducing cell apoptosis and suppressing the mTOR pathway

7368- RS,  Amla,  CS,  Pom,  MP  Natural angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: A safeguard against hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic kidney diseases
- Study, Nor, NA
*ACE/ACE1↓, Rauwolfia serpentina, Emblica officinalis, Cynara scolymus, Punica granatum, Mucuna pruriens, Capsicum annuum, and Moringa olifera were found having ACE inhibitory activities comparable to captopril and enalpril.

7887- VT,  IVT,    Dietary Flavonoids Vitexin and Isovitexin: New Insights into Their Functional Roles in Human Health and Disease Prevention
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and neuroprotective mechanisms.
*Inflam↓,
*AntiCan↑,
*Bacteria↓,
*neuroP↑, cardiovascular protection, blood sugar regulation, anti-obesity, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
*Obesity↓,
*cardioP↑, Vitexin exerts a cardioprotective effect against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity by reducing oxidative stress, lowering cardiac inflammatory cytokines, increasing FOXO3a, and inhibiting caspase-3 activation.
*ROS↓, Sprague-Dawley rat hearts, H9c2 cells 10 μM Reducing ROS levels; improving mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP content; markedly increasing MFN2 expression and reducing the recruitment of Drp1 in mitochondria.
*MMP↑,
*ATP↑,
*MFN2↑,
*DRP1/DNM1L↓,
*FOXO3↑, Protect against DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity Rats 30 mg/kg Vitexin induced elevated FOXO3a protein expression levels, by suppressing oxidative stress
*NRF2↑, vitexin activated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HUVEC under high glucose.
*Ferroptosis↓, Diabetic nephropathy HK-2 cells/DN rat 0–40 μM Vitexin could alleviate diabetic nephropathy by attenuated ferroptosis via activating GPX4
*GPx4↑,
TumCP↓, Gastric cancer Nude mice/GC cells 2 mg/kg 10–160 μM Vitexin inhibited the malignant progression of GC in vitro and in vivo by suppressing HMGB1-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
HMGB1↓,
PI3K↓,
Akt↓,
Hif1a↓,
CDK1↓, Colon cancer HCT-116 cells 1–300 μM Inhibit colon cancer HCT-116 cell proliferation by suppressing CDK1/cyclin B expression, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase.
CycB/CCNB1↓,
TumCCA↑,
Apoptosis↑, Isovitexin Colon cancer Promoted apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation by activating the p53 signaling pathway.
P53↑,
NF-kB↓, Non-small cell lung cancer cells A549/ H1299 cells, nude mice 1–120 μM Suppressed NF-κB, AKT and ERK activation. [24] Vitexin A549 cells, nude mice 0–40 μM Reduced the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR.
ERK↓,
p‑PI3K↓,
miR-34a↑, Isovitexin Hepatocarcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells Mediated miR-34a upregulation induces apoptosis and suppresses the stemness of SK-SC.
Apoptosis↑,
CSCs?,
*MAPK↓, Isovitexin Acute lung injury RAW 264.7 cells 0–50 μM Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and activating HO-1/Nrf2 pathways.
*HO-1↑,
*hepatoP↑, EAH mice 5 mg/kg Vitexin ameliorated hepatic injury in EAH mice through activation of the AMPK/AKT/GSK-3β pathway and upregulation of the Nrf2 gene.
*AMPK↑,
*Akt↑,
*GSK‐3β↑,
*chemoP↑, Vitexin exerts a cardioprotective effect against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity by reducing oxidative stress, lowering cardiac inflammatory cytokines, increasing FOXO3a, and inhibiting caspase-3 activation.
*Casp3↓,
*IRes↝, Vitexin and isovitexin flavonoids not only affected the absorption of peripheral glucose in insulin and non-insulin sensitive tissues but also showed the potential to restore insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by enhancing cellular uptake of glucose.
*GlucoseCon↑,
ChemoSen↑, When combined with doxorubicin (Dox), vitexin can reduce tumor growth and show synergistic effects in in vivo tests, increasing antitumor efficacy.
*GSH↑, Vitexin also increased Nrf2 expression and boosted GSH and antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST.
*SOD↑,
*ATF2↑,
*GPx↑,
*GSTs↑,
*AntiAge↑, In Caenorhabditis elegans, studies have shown that vitexin and isovitexin, as putative SKN-1/Nrf2 activators, increase lifespan and support a healthy lifespan.
*Stroke↓, It has been demonstrated that vitexin protects against a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced increase in the permeability of brain endothelial cells
*AChE↓, vitexin treatment significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and markedly downregulated the expression of ace-1 and ace-2.
*ACE/ACE1↓,
*ACE2↓,
*GutMicro↑, Vitexin and isovitexin have also shown promising potential in modulating intestinal microbiota and in turn play a significant role in regulating various diseases such as overweight
*MPO↓, Vitexin can also resist Helicobacter pylori infection, which may be related to its anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity and inhibition of H- and K-ATPase activity
*H+/K+-ATPase↓,
*AntiDiabetic↑, Antidiabetic Vitexin and Isovitexin Inhibits α-glucosidase/α-amylase, promotes GLUT4, modulates gut microbiota
*GLUT4↑,
*Obesity↓, Anti-obesity Vitexin Activates AMPKα, inhibits C/EBPα, FAS, activates Hedgehog signaling
*HH↓,
*RenoP↑, vitexin protects the kidneys and prevents the formation of kidney stones by inhibiting pyroptosis, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and macrophage activation.
*BioAv↓, Vitexin and isovitexin have poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, with significant first-pass effects in the intestine (approximately 94%), stomach (30%), and liver (50%), resulting in a lower bioavailability (F) (approximately 5%).
*BioAv↝, The absorption and metabolism processes of vitexin and isovitexin in the human body are complex, and their bioavailability is influenced by multiple factors, including the action of the gut microbiota, interactions with dietary components, first-pass
*BioAv↑, The vitexin-loaded bilayer nanoparticles are designed by assembling soybean peptides and coating them with a goblet cell-targeting peptide. They significantly increase the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of vitexin


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 6 of 6

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 6

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

ACE/ACE1↓, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

Tf↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

MMP↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 2,   Apoptosis↑, 3,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ER Stress↑, 1,   HSP90↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

P53↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

CSCs?, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   FOXO3↓, 1,   miR-34a↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,   TumMeta↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

HMGB1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

chemoPv↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 34

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

ACE/ACE1↓, 5,   ACE2↓, 1,   diuretic↑, 2,   H+/K+-ATPase↓, 1,   IRes↝, 1,   Stroke↓, 2,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GPx4↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   MFN2↑, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 3,   SOD↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↑, 1,   DRP1/DNM1L↓, 1,   MMP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   GlucoseCon↑, 1,   LDL↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↑, 1,   ATF2↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

FOXO3↑, 1,   GSK‐3β↑, 1,   HH↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↝, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

GLUT4↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   BioAv↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

BP↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiAge↑, 1,   AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 1,   Obesity↓, 2,   RenoP↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 54

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: ACE/ACE1, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 1
3 Hibiscus sabdariffa
2 Isovitexin
2 Vitexin
1 Curcumin
1 Moringa oleifera
1 Capsaicin
1 Rosmarinic acid
1 Rauwolfia serpentina/Indian Snakeroot
1 Phyllanthus emblica/Emblica officinalis/Amla / Indian Gooseberry
1 Cynara scolymus/Globe Artichoke/Artichoke Extract
1 Pomegranate/Punica granatum
1 Mucuna pruriens/Velvet Bean
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

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