P21 Cancer Research Results

P21, P21/CDKN1A: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: Proapototic
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (also known as p21 WAF1/Cip1) promotes cell cycle arrest in response to many stimuli.
P21 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that plays a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle. It is encoded by the CDKN1A gene and is a key player in the cellular response to stress, including DNA damage.
P21 is often considered a tumor suppressor because its expression is upregulated in response to p53 activation, a well-known tumor suppressor protein. When DNA damage occurs, p53 can activate the transcription of the CDKN1A gene, leading to increased levels of P21, which helps prevent the proliferation of damaged cells.
In many cancers, the p53 pathway is disrupted, leading to decreased levels of P21. p21 is a apoptotic marker protein.
Cell cycle arrest gene p21
Field Suggested Entry
Target CDKN1A / p21 / p21Cip1/Waf1
Full Name Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
Target Class CIP/KIP-family cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor
Main Binding Partners CDK2, CDK1, CDK4/6, cyclin complexes, PCNA
Primary Biology p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, senescence, differentiation, CDK inhibition, RB/E2F pathway suppression, apoptosis regulation
Cancer Relevance High but context-dependent: p21 can suppress tumor growth through cell-cycle arrest and senescence, but can also support apoptosis resistance, senescent-cell survival, and therapy resistance in some tumors
AD Relevance Medium: indirect relevance through neuronal cell-cycle re-entry, senescence, p53 stress signaling, and aging-related cell-cycle dysregulation
Therapeutic Direction Context-dependent. Restore/activate p21 for tumor-suppressive arrest where appropriate; inhibit or bypass p21 where it promotes apoptosis resistance, senescent-cell survival, or treatment resistance.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
6509- BCP,    β­caryophyllene oxide induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
tumCV↓, TumCP↓, Ki-67↓, PCNA↓, P21↓, P53↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, GSH↑, GPx↑, 4-HNE↑, ROS↓, antiOx↑, lipid-P↓,
726- Bor,    Redox Mechanisms Underlying the Cytostatic Effects of Boric Acid on Cancer Cells—An Issue Still Open
- Review, NA, NA
NAD↝, SAM-e↝, PSA↓, IGF-1↓, Cyc↓, P21↓, p‑MEK↓, p‑ERK↓, ROS↑, SOD↓, Catalase↓, MDA↑, GSH↓, IL1↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, BRAF↝, MAPK↝, PTEN↝, PI3K/Akt↝, eIF2α↑, ATF4↑, ATF6↑, NRF2↑, BAX↑, BID↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓,
5694- BRU,    Brusatol overcomes chemoresistance through inhibition of protein translation
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
NRF2↓, P53↓, P21↓,
5705- Brut,    A flavonoid-rich extract from bergamot juice prevents carcinogenesis in a genetic model of colorectal cancer, the Pirc rat (F344/NTac-Apcam1137)
- in-vivo, CRC, NA
Risk↓, TumMeta↓, Apoptosis↑, COX2↓, iNOS↓, IL1β↓, IL6↓, IL10↓, P53↑, P21↓, survivin↓, chemoPv↑, *Inflam↓,
6363- DRE,    Therapeutic Potential of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Root Extract in Colon Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
- in-vitro, CRC, NA
Apoptosis↑, *Inflam↓, TLR4↓, NF-kB↓, *GutMicro↑, mtDam↑, *ROS↓, Casp1↑, TNF-α↑, Bcl-2↓, PARP↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↓, Casp3↑, TumVol↓, COX2↓, iNOS↓, ROS↑, selectivity↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ER Stress↑, PERK↑, eIF2α↑, ATF4↑, CHOP↑, TumCCA↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, P21↓, P53↑, BioAv↝, Half-Life↝,
1318- EMD,    Aloe-emodin Induces Apoptosis in Human Liver HL-7702 Cells through Fas Death Pathway and the Mitochondrial Pathway by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species
- in-vitro, Nor, HL7702
*TumCCA↑, *ROS↑, *MMP↓, *Fas↑, *P53↑, *P21↓, *Bax:Bcl2↑, *cl‑Casp3↑, *cl‑Casp8↑, *cl‑Casp9↑, *cl‑PARP↑,
2828- FIS,    Fisetin, a Potent Anticancer Flavonol Exhibiting Cytotoxic Activity against Neoplastic Malignant Cells and Cancerous Conditions: A Scoping, Comprehensive Review
- Review, Var, NA
*neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, RenoP↑, COX2↓, Wnt↓, EGFR↓, NF-kB↓, Casp3↑, Ca+2↑, Casp8↑, TumCCA↑, CDK1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, MAPK↓, *P53↓, *P21↓, *p16↓, mTORC1↓, mTORC2↓, P53↑, P21↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, PCNA↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, cl‑Casp9↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, cl‑PARP↑, uPA↓, DR4↑, DR5↑, ROS↓, AIF↑, CDC25↓, Dose↑, CHOP↑, ROS↑, cMyc↓, cardioP↑,
4786- Lyco,    Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of lycopene against three subtypes of human breast cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-468 - in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, BC, SkBr3
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, cl‑PARP↑, ERK↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, P21↓, p‑Akt↓, mTOR↓, BAX↑, AntiCan↑, Risk↓,
198- MFrot,  MF,    Biological effects of rotating magnetic field: A review from 1969 to 2021
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, breath↑, Pain↓, Appetite↑, Strength↑, BowelM↑, TumMeta↓, TumCCA↑, ETC↓, MMP↓, TumCD↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, Casp3↑, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, ChrMod↑, TumMeta↓, Imm↑, DCells↑, Akt↓, OS⇅, toxicity↓, QoL↑, hepatoP↑, Pain↓, Weight↑, Strength↑, Sleep↑, IL6↓, CD4+↑, CD8+↑, Ca+2↑, radioP↑, chemoP↑, *BMD↑, *AntiAge↑, *AMPK↑, *P21↓, *P53↓, *mTOR↓, *OS↑, *β-Endo↑, *5HT↓,
1311- NarG,  Rad,    Naringenin sensitizes lung cancer NCI-H23 cells to radiation by downregulation of akt expression and metastasis while promoting apoptosis
- in-vitro, Lung, H23
tumCV↓, ROS↑, Casp3↑, p‑Akt↓, Akt↓, MMP2↓, P21↓,
2035- PB,    Sodium Phenylbutyrate Controls Neuroinflammatory and Antioxidant Activities and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease
- in-vitro, Nor, glial - in-vivo, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *Inflam↑, *P21↓, *antiOx↑, *GSH↑, *NF-kB↓, *neuroP↑, *HDAC↓, *iNOS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *LDL↓, ROS↓,
2430- PBG,    The cytotoxic effects of propolis on breast cancer cells involve PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCP↓, TP53↓, Casp3↓, BAX↓, P21↓, ROS↑, eff↓, MMP↓, LDH↑, ATP↓, Ca+2↑,
1672- PBG,    The Potential Use of Propolis as an Adjunctive Therapy in Breast Cancers
- Review, BC, NA
ChemoSen↓, RadioS↑, Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, Dose∅, mtDam↑, Apoptosis?, OCR↓, ATP↓, ROS↑, ROS↑, LDH↓, TP53↓, Casp3↓, BAX↓, P21↓, ROS↑, eNOS↑, iNOS↑, eff↑, hTERT/TERT↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, STAT3↓, TIMP1↓, IL4↓, IL10↓, OS↑, Dose∅, ER Stress↑, ROS↑, NF-kB↓, p65↓, MMP↓, TumAuto↑, LC3II↑, p62↓, TLR4↓, mtDam↑, LDH↓, ROS↑, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, PKM2↓, LDH↓, IL10↓, HDAC8↓, eff↑, eff↑, P21↑,
3353- QC,    Quercetin triggers cell apoptosis-associated ROS-mediated cell death and induces S and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in KON oral cancer cells
- in-vitro, Oral, KON - in-vitro, Nor, MRC-5
tumCV↓, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, TumMeta↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, TIMP1↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, p38↓, MAPK↓, Twist↓, P21↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑ERK↓, CD44↓, CD24↓, ChemoSen↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, AIF↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓,
3352- QC,    A review of quercetin: Antioxidant and anticancer properties
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *lipid-P↓, *TNF-α↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *IronCh↑, P53↓, TumCCA↑, HSPs↓, P21↓, RAS↓, ER(estro)↑, OS?,
2982- RES,    The flavonoid resveratrol suppresses growth of human malignant pleural mesothelioma cells through direct inhibition of specificity protein 1
- in-vitro, Melanoma, MSTO-211H
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, Sp1/3/4↓, p27↓, P21↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Mcl-1↓, survivin↓,
2197- SK,    Shikonin derivatives for cancer prevention and therapy
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, Ca+2↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP9↓, NF-kB↓, PKM2↓, Hif1a↓, NRF2↓, P53↑, DNMT1↓, MDR1↓, COX2↓, VEGF↓, EMT↓, MMP7↓, MMP13↓, uPA↓, RIP1↑, RIP3↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, P21↓, DFF45↓, TRAIL↑, PTEN↑, mTOR↓, AR↓, FAK↓, Src↓, Myc↓, RadioS↑,
2411- UA,    Ursolic acid in health and disease
- Review, Var, NA
Inflam↓, antiOx↑, NF-kB↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Ki-67↓, CD31↓, STAT3↓, EGFR↓, P53↑, P21↓, HK2↓, PKM2↓, ATP↓, lactateProd↓, p‑ERK↓, MMP↓, NO↑, ATM↑, Casp3↑, AMPK↑, JNK↑, FAO↑, FASN↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, neuroP↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 18 of 18

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 18

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

4-HNE↑, 1,   antiOx↑, 2,   Catalase↓, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 3,   ROS↑, 13,   SAM-e↝, 1,   SOD↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

AIF↑, 2,   ATP↓, 3,   CDC25↓, 1,   ETC↓, 1,   p‑MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 7,   mtDam↑, 3,   OCR↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   cMyc↓, 1,   FAO↑, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   HK2↓, 2,   lactateProd↓, 1,   LDH↓, 3,   LDH↑, 1,   NAD↝, 1,   PFK↓, 1,   PI3K/Akt↝, 1,   PKM2↓, 3,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   p‑Akt↓, 3,   Apoptosis?, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 5,   BAX↓, 2,   BAX↑, 6,   Bcl-2↓, 7,   Bcl-xL↓, 2,   BID↑, 1,   Casp1↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 2,   Casp3↑, 9,   Casp7↑, 2,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 4,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   DR4↑, 1,   DR5↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   iNOS↑, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 2,   MAPK↝, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   Myc↓, 1,   p27↓, 1,   p38↓, 1,   RIP1↑, 1,   survivin↓, 2,   TRAIL↑, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   Sp1/3/4↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

BowelM↑, 1,   ChrMod↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 4,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   CHOP↑, 2,   eIF2α↑, 2,   ER Stress↑, 2,   HSPs↓, 1,   PERK↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

LC3II↑, 1,   p62↓, 1,   TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

ATM↑, 1,   DFF45↓, 1,   DNAdam↑, 1,   DNMT1↓, 1,   P53↓, 2,   P53↑, 6,   PARP↓, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 2,   PCNA↓, 2,   TP53↓, 2,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   Cyc↓, 1,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 7,   P21↓, 14,   P21↑, 2,   TumCCA↑, 8,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

BRAF↝, 1,   CD24↓, 1,   CD44↓, 1,   EMT↓, 1,   ERK↑, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 3,   HDAC8↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 3,   mTORC1↓, 1,   mTORC2↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↑, 1,   PTEN↝, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   Src↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   TumCG↓, 1,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 5,   CD31↓, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 2,   MMP13↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 3,   MMP7↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 3,   RIP3↑, 1,   TIMP1↓, 1,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 2,   TumCMig↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 3,   TumMeta↓, 4,   Twist↓, 1,   uPA↓, 2,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

ATF4↑, 2,   EGFR↓, 2,   eNOS↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 2,   NO↑, 1,   VEGF↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD4+↑, 1,   COX2↓, 4,   DCells↑, 1,   IL1↓, 1,   IL10↓, 3,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 5,   p65↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 1,   TNF-α↑, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   ER(estro)↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↝, 1,   ChemoSen↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose∅, 2,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 7,   Half-Life↝, 1,   MDR1↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 3,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   BRAF↝, 1,   EGFR↓, 2,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   Ki-67↓, 2,   LDH↓, 3,   LDH↑, 1,   Myc↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   TP53↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 3,   Appetite↑, 1,   breath↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   chemoPv↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   OS?, 1,   OS↑, 1,   OS⇅, 1,   Pain↓, 2,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 2,   Sleep↑, 1,   Strength↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

CD8+↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 207

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 2,   GSTs↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

IronCh↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

MMP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   LDL↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   cl‑Casp8↑, 1,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

p16↓, 1,   P53↓, 2,   P53↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

P21↓, 4,   TumCCA↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

HDAC↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

β-Endo↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 4,   Inflam↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

5HT↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

BMD↑, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiAge↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 3,   OS↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 41

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: P21, P21/CDKN1A
2 Propolis -bee glue
2 Quercetin
1 Beta-Caryophyllene
1 Boron
1 brusatol
1 Bruteridin(bergamot juice)
1 Dandelion Root
1 Emodin
1 Fisetin
1 Lycopene
1 Magnetic Field Rotating
1 Magnetic Fields
1 Naringin
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
1 Phenylbutyrate
1 Resveratrol
1 Shikonin
1 Ursolic acid
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:234  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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