ROS Cancer Research Results

ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj (inhibit)
Type:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that contain oxygen and can lead to oxidative stress in cells. They play a dual role in cancer biology, acting as both promoters and suppressors of cancer.
ROS can cause oxidative damage to DNA, leading to mutations that may contribute to cancer initiation and progression. So normally you want to inhibit ROS to prevent cell mutations.
However excessive ROS can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, potentially limiting tumor growth. Chemotherapy typically raises ROS.
-mitochondria is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (and the ETC is heavily related)

"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two electron reduction products of oxygen, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxides, protein peroxides and peroxides formed in nucleic acids 1. They are maintained in a dynamic balance by a series of reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions in biological systems and act as signaling molecules to drive cellular regulatory pathways."
"During different stages of cancer formation, abnormal ROS levels play paradoxical roles in cell growth and death 8. A physiological concentration of ROS that maintained in equilibrium is necessary for normal cell survival. Ectopic ROS accumulation promotes cell proliferation and consequently induces malignant transformation of normal cells by initiating pathological conversion of physiological signaling networks. Excessive ROS levels lead to cell death by damaging cellular components, including proteins, lipid bilayers, and chromosomes. Therefore, both scavenging abnormally elevated ROS to prevent early neoplasia and facilitating ROS production to specifically kill cancer cells are promising anticancer therapeutic strategies, in spite of their contradictoriness and complexity."
"ROS are the collection of derivatives of molecular oxygen that occur in biology, which can be categorized into two types, free radicals and non-radical species. The non-radical species are hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2 ), organic hydroperoxides (ROOH), singlet molecular oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), electronically excited carbonyl, ozone (O3 ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl, and hypobromous acid HOBr). Free radical species are super-oxide anion radical (O 2•−), hydroxyl radical (•OH), peroxyl radical (ROO•) and alkoxyl radical (RO•) [130]. Any imbalance of ROS can lead to adverse effects. H2 O 2 and O 2 •− are the main redox signalling agents. The cellular concentration of H2 O 2 is about 10−8 M, which is almost a thousand times more than that of O2 •−".
"Radicals are molecules with an odd number of electrons in the outer shell [393,394]. A pair of radicals can be formed by breaking a chemical bond or electron transfer between two molecules."

Recent investigations have documented that polyphenols with good antioxidant activity may exhibit pro-oxidant activity in the presence of copper ions, which can induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines but not in normal cells. "We have shown that such cell growth inhibition by polyphenols in cancer cells is reversed by copper-specific sequestering agent neocuproine to a significant extent whereas iron and zinc chelators are relatively ineffective, thus confirming the role of endogenous copper in the cytotoxic action of polyphenols against cancer cells. Therefore, this mechanism of mobilization of endogenous copper." > Ions could be one of the important mechanisms for the cytotoxic action of plant polyphenols against cancer cells and is possibly a common mechanism for all plant polyphenols. In fact, similar results obtained with four different polyphenolic compounds in this study, namely apigenin, luteolin, EGCG, and resveratrol, strengthen this idea.
Interestingly, the normal breast epithelial MCF10A cells have earlier been shown to possess no detectable copper as opposed to breast cancer cells [24], which may explain their resistance to polyphenols apigenin- and luteolin-induced growth inhibition as observed here (Fig. 1). We have earlier proposed [25] that this preferential cytotoxicity of plant polyphenols toward cancer cells is explained by the observation made several years earlier, which showed that copper levels in cancer cells are significantly elevated in various malignancies. Thus, because of higher intracellular copper levels in cancer cells, it may be predicted that the cytotoxic concentrations of polyphenols required would be lower in these cells as compared to normal cells."

Majority of ROS are produced as a by-product of oxidative phosphorylation, high levels of ROS are detected in almost all cancers.
-It is well established that during ER stress, cytosolic calcium released from the ER is taken up by the mitochondrion to stimulate ROS overgeneration and the release of cytochrome c, both of which lead to apoptosis.

Note: Products that may raise ROS can be found using this database, by:
Filtering on the target of ROS, and selecting the Effect Direction of ↑

Targets to raise ROS (to kill cancer cells):
• NADPH oxidases (NOX): NOX enzymes are involved in the production of ROS.
    -Targeting NOX enzymes can increase ROS levels and induce cancer cell death.
    -eNOX2 inhibition leads to a high NADH/NAD⁺ ratio which can lead to increased ROS
• Mitochondrial complex I: Inhibiting can increase ROS production
• P53: Activating p53 can increase ROS levels(by inducing the expression of pro-oxidant genes)
• Nrf2 inhibition: regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Inhibiting Nrf2 can increase ROS levels
• Glutathione (GSH): an antioxidant. Depleting GSH can increase ROS levels
• Catalase: Catalase converts H2O2 into H2O+O. Inhibiting catalase can increase ROS levels
• SOD1: converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Inhibiting SOD1 can increase ROS levels
• PI3K/AKT pathway: regulates cell survival and metabolism. Inhibiting can increase ROS levels
• HIF-1α inhibition: regulates genes involved in metabolism and angiogenesis. Inhibiting HIF-1α can increase ROS
• Glycolysis: Inhibiting glycolysis can increase ROS levels • Fatty acid oxidation: Cancer cells often rely on fatty acid oxidation for energy production.
-Inhibiting fatty acid oxidation can increase ROS levels
• ER stress: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can increase ROS levels
• Autophagy: process by which cells recycle damaged organelles and proteins.
-Inhibiting autophagy can increase ROS levels and induce cancer cell death.
• KEAP1/Nrf2 pathway: regulates the expression of antioxidant genes.
    -Inhibiting KEAP1 or activating Nrf2 can increase ROS levels and induce cancer cell death.
• DJ-1: regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Inhibiting DJ-1 can increase ROS levels
• PARK2: regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Inhibiting PARK2 can increase ROS levels
• SIRT1 inhibition:regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Inhibiting SIRT1 can increase ROS levels
• AMPK activation: regulates energy metabolism and can increase ROS levels when activated.
• mTOR inhibition: regulates cell growth and metabolism. Inhibiting mTOR can increase ROS levels
• HSP90 inhibition: regulates protein folding and can increase ROS levels when inhibited.
• Proteasome: degrades damaged proteins. Inhibiting the proteasome can increase ROS levels
• Lipid peroxidation: a process by which lipids are oxidized, leading to the production of ROS.
    -Increasing lipid peroxidation can increase ROS levels
• Ferroptosis: form of cell death that is regulated by iron and lipid peroxidation.
    -Increasing ferroptosis can increase ROS levels
• Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP): regulates mitochondrial permeability.
    -Opening the mPTP can increase ROS levels
• BCL-2 family proteins: regulate apoptosis and can increase ROS levels when inhibited.
• Caspase-independent cell death: a form of cell death that is regulated by ROS.
    -Increasing caspase-independent cell death can increase ROS levels
• DNA damage response: regulates the repair of DNA damage. Increasing DNA damage can increase ROS
• Epigenetic regulation: process by which gene expression is regulated.
    -Increasing epigenetic regulation can increase ROS levels

-PKM2, but not PKM1, can be inhibited by direct oxidation of cysteine 358 as an adaptive response to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)

ProOxidant Strategy:(inhibit the Mevalonate Pathway (likely will also inhibit GPx)
-HydroxyCitrate (HCA) found as supplement online and typically used in a dose of about 1.5g/day or more
-Atorvastatin typically 40-80mg/day, -Dipyridamole typically 200mg 2x/day Combined effect research
-Lycopene typically 100mg/day range (note debatable as it mainly lowers NRF2)

Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and their Application in Cancer Therapy 
ROS-Inducing Interventions in Cancer — Canonical + Mechanistic Reference
-generated from AI and Cancer database
ROS rating:  +++ strong | ++ moderate | + weak | ± mixed | 0 none
NRF2:        ↓ suppressed | ↑ activated | ± mixed | 0 none
Conditions:  [D] dose  [Fe] metal  [M] metabolic  [O₂] oxygen
             [L] light [F] formulation [T] tumor-type [C] combination




Item ROS↑ NRF2 Condition Mechanism Class Remarks 



ROS">Piperlongumine
+++ ↓ [D][T] ROS-dominant






ROS">Shikonin
+++↓/±[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Vitamin K3 (menadione)
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Copper (ionic / nano)
+++↓[Fe][F]ROS-dominant






ROS">Sodium Selenite
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Juglone
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Auranofin
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
+++0[L][O₂]ROS-dominant






ROS">Radiotherapy / Radiation
+++0[O₂]ROS-dominant






ROS">Doxorubicin
+++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Cisplatin
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Salinomycin
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Artemisinin / DHA
++↓[Fe][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Sulfasalazine
++↓[C][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">FMD / fasting
++↓[M][C][O₂]ROS-dominant






ROS">Vitamin C (pharmacologic)
++↓[Fe][D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Silver nanoparticles
++±[F][D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Gambogic acid
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Parthenolide
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Plumbagin
++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Allicin
++↓[D]ROS-dominant






ROS">Ashwagandha (Withaferin A)
++↓[D][T]ROS-dominant






ROS">Berberine
++↓[D][M]ROS-dominant






ROS">PEITC
++↓[D][C]ROS-dominant






ROS">Methionine restriction
+↓[M][C][T]ROS-secondary






ROS">DCA
+±[M][T]ROS-secondary






ROS">Capsaicin
+±[D][T]ROS-secondary






ROS">Galloflavin
+0[D]ROS-secondary






ROS">Piperine
+±[D][F]ROS-secondary






ROS">Propyl gallate
+↓[D]ROS-secondary






ROS">Scoulerine
+?[D][T]ROS-secondary






ROS">Thymoquinone
±±[D][T]Dual redox






ROS">Emodin
±±[D][T]Dual redox






ROS">Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)
±↑[D][M]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Curcumin
±↑/↓[D][F]NRF2-dominant






ROS">EGCG
±↑/↓[D][O₂]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Quercetin
±↑/↓[D][Fe]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Resveratrol
±↑[D][M]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Sulforaphane
±↑↑[D]NRF2-dominant






ROS">Lycopene
0↑—Antioxidant






ROS">Rosmarinic acid
0↑—Antioxidant






ROS">Citrate
00—Neutral


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4113- ,    ROS_levels_in_H2O2-treated_Glioblastoma_Cell_Line">Post-exposure Effects of PEMF on ROS levels in H2O2-treated Glioblastoma Cell Line
- in-vitro, Nor, U87MG
*ROS↓, *SOD2↑,
5296- 5-HTP,    Serotonergic Regulation in Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*Risk↓, *5HT↓, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *Apoptosis↓, *Mood↑, *other↑, *other↑,
5289- 5-HTP,    5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): Natural Occurrence, Analysis, Biosynthesis, Biotechnology, Physiology and Toxicology
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*5HT↑, *Inflam↓, *memory↑, *Sleep↑, *Weight↓, *DNAdam↓, *ROS↓, *toxicity↝,
3970- ACNs,    Anthocyanin-rich blueberry extracts and anthocyanin metabolite protocatechuic acid promote autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviate neurons damage in in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *neuroP↑,
3969- ACNs,    Blueberry Supplementation in Midlife for Dementia Risk Reduction
- Human, AD, NA
*memory↑, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓,
3864- ACNs,    Anthocyanins Potentially Contribute to Defense against Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *Aβ↓, *ROS↓, *cognitive↑, *APP↓, *BBB↑, *Ca+2↓, *ATP↑, *BACE↓, *p‑NF-kB↓, *TNF-α↓, *iNOS↓,
5430- AG,    Review of the pharmacological effects of astragaloside IV and its autophagic mechanism in association with inflammation
- Review, Stroke, NA
*cardioP↑, *MitoP↑, *ROS↓, *mtDam↓, *neuroP↓, TumAuto↓, *AntiDiabetic↑,
1406- AgNPs,    The antioxidant effects of silver, gold, and zinc oxide nanoparticles on male mice in in vivo condition
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *ROS↑,
4434- AgNPs,  SSE,    Sodium Selenite Ameliorates Silver Nanoparticles Induced Vascular Endothelial Cytotoxic Injury by Antioxidative Properties and Suppressing Inflammation Through Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
- vitro+vivo, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *NLRP3↓, *NF-kB↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *toxicity↓,
4447- AgNPs,    Anti-inflammatory action of silver nanoparticles in vivo: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Review, Nor, NA
*Inflam↓, *COX2↓, *ROS↓, *Dose↝, *eff↑, *toxicity↓, *IL4↑, *IL5↑, *IL10↑, *IL1↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *NF-kB↓, *MDA↓, *GSH↑,
4542- AgNPs,    Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs): Comprehensive Insights into Bio/Synthesis, Key Influencing Factors, Multifaceted Applications, and Toxicity─A 2024 Update
- Review, NA, NA
AntiCan↑, DNAdam↑, ATP↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↓, TumCCA↑, *Bacteria↓, *BMD↑,
2206- AgNPs,  RES,    ENHANCED EFFICACY OF RESVERATROL-LOADED SILVER NANOPARTICLE IN ATTENUATING SEPSIS-INDUCED ACUTE LIVER INJURY: MODULATION OF INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND SIRT1 ACTIVATION
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*hepatoP↑, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *VEGF↓, *SIRT1↑, *ROS↓, *Dose↝, *Catalase↑, *MDA↓, *MPO↓, *NO↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *antiOx↑,
5355- AL,    Mini-review: The health benefits and applications of allicin
- Review, Var, NA
*BioAv↑, *cardioP↑, *hepatoP↑, *RenoP↑, *Half-Life↝, *BioAv↓, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *DNArepair↑, *ChemoSen↑,
2558- AL,    Allicin, an Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agent, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment
- Review, AD, NA
*AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, cognitive↑, *ROS↓, *NOX↓, *TLR4↓, *NF-kB↓, *JNK↓, *AntiAg↑, *H2S↑, *BP↓, Telomerase↓, *Insulin↑, BioAv↝, *GSH↑, *Catalase↑,
2656- AL,    Allicin Protects PC12 Cells Against 6-OHDA-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics
- in-vitro, Park, PC12
*antiOx↑, *Apoptosis↓, *LDH↓, ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *mtDam↓, *MMP↓, *Cyt‑c↓, *ATP∅, *Ca+2↝, *neuroP↑,
2657- AL,    Allicin pharmacology: Common molecular mechanisms against neuroinflammation and cardiovascular diseases
- Review, CardioV, NA - Review, AD, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, *AntiTum↑, *mtDam↑, *HSP70/HSPA5↑, *NRF2↑, *RAAS↓, *cognitive↑, *SOD↑, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, *ER Stress↓, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *TBARS↓, *MPO↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *iNOS↓, *p‑eNOS↑, *HO-1↑,
2661- AL,    Allicin alleviates traumatic brain injury-induced neuroinflammation by enhancing PKC-δ-mediated mitophagy
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *ROS↓, *NLRP3↓, *TLR4↓, *PKCδ↑, neuroP↑,
2660- AL,    Allicin: A review of its important pharmacological activities
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Var, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *hepatoP↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↝, *H2S↑, *BP↓, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *GutMicro↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, *other↑, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *NF-kB↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *PGE2↓, *COX2↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *MPO↓, *eff↑, *NRF2↑, *Keap1↓, *TBARS↓, *creat↓, *LDH↓, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *memory↑, chemoP↑, IL8↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↑, p38↑, Fas↑, P53↑, P21↑, CHK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, GSH↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Hif1a↓, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TumCMig↓, STAT3↓, VEGFR2↓, p‑FAK↓,
2667- AL,    Allicin in Digestive System Cancer: From Biological Effects to Clinical Treatment
- Review, GC, NA
AntiCan↑, ChemoSen↑, angioG↓, chemoP↑, *GutMicro↑, *antiOx↑, other↝, GSH↓, Thiols↓, *ROS↓, *hepatoP↑, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓,
3270- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid as a new treatment option for Alzheimer's disease--a 48 months follow-up analysis
- Trial, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *other↝, *neuroP↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑,
3271- ALA,    Decrypting the potential role of α-lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *memory↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *IronCh↑, *NRF2↑, *BBB↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *Ach↑, *ROS↓, *p‑tau↓, *Aβ↓, *cognitive↑, *Hif1a↑, *Ca+2↓, *GLUT3↑, *GLUT4↑, *HO-1↑, *VEGF↑, *PDKs↓, *PDH↑, *VCAM-1↓, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *hepatoP↑, *ChAT↑,
3284- ALA,    Alpha-Lipoic Acid Mediates Clearance of Iron Accumulation by Regulating Iron Metabolism in a Parkinson's Disease Model Induced by 6-OHDA
- vitro+vivo, Park, NA
*antiOx↑, *IronCh↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Iron↓, *BBB↑, *motorD↑, *GSH↑,
3456- ALA,    Renal-Protective Roles of Lipoic Acid in Kidney Disease
- Review, NA, NA
*RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *Sepsis↓, *IronCh↑, *BUN↓, *creat↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *chemoP↑, *eff↑, *NF-kB↓,
3433- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid promotes development of hematopoietic progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells by antagonizing ROS signals
*ROS↓, *Apoptosis↓, *Hif1a↑, *FOXO1↑, *FOXO3↑, *ATM↑, *SIRT1↑, *SIRT3↑, *CD34↑,
3437- ALA,    Revisiting the molecular mechanisms of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) actions on metabolism
- Review, Var, NA
*IronCh↑, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *NF-kB↓, *AMPK⇅, *FAO↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt?,
3438- ALA,    The Potent Antioxidant Alpha Lipoic Acid
- Review, NA, NA - Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *cognitive↑, *AntiAge↑, *Inflam↓, *AntiCan↑, *neuroP↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↑, *Weight↓, *Ach↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *lipid-P↓, *memory↑, *NRF2↑, *ChAT↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *Acetyl-CoA↑,
3439- ALA,    The effect of alpha lipoic acid on the developmental competence of mouse isolated preantral follicles
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *TAC↑, *eff↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *antiOx↑,
3440- ALA,    Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) are mediated by hormetic mechanisms
- Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *cardioP?,
3443- ALA,    Molecular and Therapeutic Insights of Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Potential Molecule for Disease Prevention
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *IronCh↑, *cognitive↑, *cardioP↓, AntiCan↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *BioAv↓, *AntiAge↑, *Half-Life↓, *BioAv↝, other↝, EGFR↓, Akt↓, ROS↓, TumCCA↑, p27↑, PDH↑, Glycolysis↓, ROS↑, *eff↑, *memory↑, *motorD↑, *GutMicro↑,
3451- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates H2O2-induced human vein endothelial cells injury via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*LDH↓, *NOX4↓, *NF-kB↓, *iNOS↓, *VCAM-1↓, *ICAM-1↓, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑,
3448- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid attenuates hypoxia-induced apoptosis, inflammation and mitochondrial oxidative stress via inhibition of TRPA1 channel in human glioblastoma cell line
*Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *MMP↑,
3447- ALA,    Redox Active α-Lipoic Acid Differentially Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer and Its Control Cells
- in-vitro, AD, SH-SY5Y
*ATP↑, *MMP↑, *ROS↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *GSH↑, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *Ach↑, *Inflam↓, *Aβ↓, OXPHOS↓,
3446- ALA,  CUR,    The Potential Protective Effect of Curcumin and α-Lipoic Acid on N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide-induced Hepatotoxicity Through Downregulation of α-SMA and Collagen III Expression
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*hepatoP↑, *α-SMA↓, *COL3A1↓, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓, *MDA↓,
3539- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential
- Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *IronCh↑, *GSH↑, *antiOx↑, *NRF2↑, *MMP9↓, *VCAM-1↓, *NF-kB↓, *cognitive↑, *Inflam↓, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *BBB↑, *H2O2∅, *neuroP↑, *PKCδ↑, *ERK↑, *MAPK↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *PTEN↓, *AMPK↑, *GLUT4↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *BP↝, *eff↑, *ICAM-1↓, *VCAM-1↓, *Dose↝,
3541- ALA,    Insights on alpha lipoic and dihydrolipoic acids as promising scavengers of oxidative stress and possible chelators in mercury toxicology
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *IronCh↑, *GSH↑, *BBB↑, Apoptosis↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, PARP1↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, *NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, RenoP↑, ChemoSen↑, *BG↓,
3543- ALA,    The Effect of Lipoic Acid Therapy on Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
- Study, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *Ach↑, *ROS↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *Acetyl-CoA↑,
3550- ALA,    Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Beneficial or Harmful in Alzheimer's Disease?
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *PGE2↓, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *BioAv↓, *Ach↑, *ROS↓, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↓, *BioAv↑, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *ChAT↑, *cognitive↑, *eff↑, *cAMP↑, *IL2↓, *INF-γ↓, *TNF-α↓, *SIRT1↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑,
3549- ALA,    Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia
- Review, AD, NA
*Inflam↓, *other↝, *other↝, *neuroP↑, *BioAv↝, *adiP↑, *BBB↑, *Casp6↓, *Casp9↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *ROS↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *COX2↓, *JNK↓, *p‑NF-kB↓, *Aβ↓, *BP↓, *memory↑, *cAMP↑, *ERK↑, *Akt↑, cognitive?,
3548- ALA,    How Alpha Linolenic Acid May Sustain Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Boost Brain Resilience against Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*BBB↑, *other↑, *other↑, *DHA↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *other?,
3546- ALA,    Cognitive and Mood Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation in a Nonclinical Elder Sample: An Open-Label Pilot Study
- Study, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *cognitive∅, *lipid-P↓, *memory↑, *ChAT↑, *Acetyl-CoA↑, *Aβ↓, *BioAv↑, *BBB↑, *toxicity∅,
3545- ALA,    Potential therapeutic effects of alpha lipoic acid in memory disorders
- Review, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *VCAM-1↓, *5HT↑, *memory↑, *BioAv↝, *Half-Life↓, *NF-kB↓, *antiOx↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↓, *ATP↑, *ChAT↑, *Ach↑, *cognitive↑, *lipid-P↓, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *Aβ↓,
3544- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid for dementia
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *BBB↑, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *GSH↑, *IronCh↑, *neuroP↑, *NO↓, *cognitive↑, *AntiAge↑, *memory↑, *ROS↓,
278- ALA,    The Multifaceted Role of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Cancer Prevention, Occurrence, and Treatment
- Review, NA, NA
ROS↑, NRF2↑, Inflam↓, frataxin↑, *BioAv↓, ChemoSen↑, Hif1a↓, eff↑, FAK↓, ITGB1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, EMT↓, Snail↓, Vim↓, Zeb1↓, P53↑, MGMT↓, Mcl-1↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, p‑Akt↓, GSK‐3β↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, selectivity↑, angioG↓, MMPs↓, NF-kB↓, ITGB3↓, NADPH↓,
297- ALA,    Insights on the Use of α-Lipoic Acid for Therapeutic Purposes
- Review, BC, SkBr3 - Review, neuroblastoma, SK-N-SH - Review, AD, NA
PDH↑, TumCG↓, ROS↑, AMPK↑, EGR4↓, Half-Life↓, BioAv↝, *GSH↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *Ach↑, *lipid-P↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, TumCP↓, FDG↓, Apoptosis↑, AMPK↑, mTOR↓, EGFR↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, *memory↑, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↝, *other↓, *other↝, *Half-Life↓, *BioAv↑, *ChAT↑, *GlucoseCon↑,
261- ALA,    The natural antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid induces p27(Kip1)-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
ROS↓, Akt↓, p27↑, Bax:Bcl2↑,
265- ALA,    Alpha-Lipoic Acid Reduces Cell Growth, Inhibits Autophagy, and Counteracts Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion: Evidence from In Vitro Studies
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, DU145
ROS↓, SOD↓, GSTP1/GSTπ↓, NRF2↓, p62↓, p62↑, SOD↑, p‑mTOR↑, Beclin-1↓, ROS↑, SOD1↑,
1235- ALA,  Cisplatin,    α-Lipoic acid prevents against cisplatin cytotoxicity via activation of the NRF2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway
- in-vitro, Nor, HEI-OC1 - ex-vivo, NA, NA
ROS↑, HO-1↓, *toxicity↓, chemoP↑, *ROS↓, *HO-1↑, *SOD1↑, *NRF2↑,
3859- ALC,    Alpha-Secretase ADAM10 Regulation: Insights into Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
- Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *ADAM10↑,
931- And,    Effect of Andrographis Paniculata Aqueous Extract on Hyperammonemia Induced Alteration of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Factors in the Liver, Spleen and Kidney of Rats
- in-vivo, NA, NA
*SOD↝, *Catalase↝, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *NO↓,
1093- And,    Andrographolide attenuates epithelial‐mesenchymal transition induced by TGF‐β1 in alveolar epithelial cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
TGF-β↓, TumCMig↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, ECM/TCF↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, SMAD4↓, p‑ERK↓, ROS↓, NOX4↓, SOD2↑, SIRT1↑, FOXO3↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 50 of 829
Page 1 of 17 Next

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 829

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

frataxin↑, 1,   GSH↓, 2,   GSTP1/GSTπ↓, 1,   HO-1↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   NOX4↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   OXPHOS↓, 1,   ROS↓, 6,   ROS↑, 7,   SOD↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,   Thiols↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 1,   MMP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↑, 2,   FDG↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   NADPH↓, 1,   PDH↑, 2,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 2,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 3,   BAX↑, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 2,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 3,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   p27↑, 2,   p38↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↝, 2,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↓, 1,   p62↓, 1,   p62↑, 1,   TumAuto↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

CHK1↓, 1,   DNAdam↑, 1,   MGMT↓, 1,   P53↑, 2,   PARP1↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 3,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   p‑mTOR↑, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

FAK↓, 1,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   ITGB1↓, 1,   ITGB3↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 2,   MMPs↓, 1,   p‑SMAD2↓, 1,   p‑SMAD3↓, 1,   SMAD4↓, 1,   Snail↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 3,   TumCP↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   Zeb1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   ECM/TCF↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 2,   EGR4↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 1,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↝, 2,   ChemoSen↑, 3,   eff↑, 1,   Half-Life↓, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

EGFR↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 4,   chemoP↑, 3,   cognitive?, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 102

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 24,   Catalase↑, 5,   Catalase↝, 1,   GPx↑, 5,   GSH↑, 19,   GSTs↑, 1,   H2O2∅, 1,   HO-1↑, 5,   Iron↓, 1,   Keap1↓, 1,   lipid-P↓, 8,   MDA↓, 8,   MPO↓, 3,   NOX4↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 12,   ROS↓, 46,   ROS↑, 2,   SIRT3↑, 1,   SOD↑, 6,   SOD↝, 1,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,   TAC↑, 1,   TBARS↓, 2,   VitC↑, 2,   VitE↑, 2,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

IronCh↑, 12,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↑, 3,   ATP∅, 1,   Insulin↑, 1,   MMP↓, 1,   MMP↑, 2,   mtDam↓, 2,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

Acetyl-CoA↑, 3,   adiP↑, 1,   ALAT↓, 3,   AMPK↑, 1,   AMPK⇅, 1,   BUN↓, 1,   cAMP↑, 2,   DHA↑, 1,   FAO↑, 1,   GlucoseCon↑, 8,   H2S↑, 2,   LDH↓, 5,   PDH↑, 1,   PDKs↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 3,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt?, 1,   Akt↓, 1,   Akt↑, 2,   Apoptosis↓, 3,   Casp3↓, 2,   Casp6↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 3,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 6,   JNK↓, 2,   MAPK↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

Ach↑, 7,   other?, 1,   other↓, 1,   other↑, 5,   other↝, 4,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ER Stress↓, 1,   HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

MitoP↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

ATM↑, 1,   DNAdam↓, 1,   DNArepair↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CD34↑, 1,   ERK↑, 2,   FOXO1↑, 1,   FOXO3↑, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 2,   PTEN↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   APP↓, 1,   Ca+2↓, 2,   Ca+2↝, 1,   COL3A1↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   PKCδ↑, 2,   VCAM-1↓, 5,   α-SMA↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

p‑eNOS↑, 1,   Hif1a↑, 2,   NO↓, 5,   VEGF↓, 1,   VEGF↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 11,   GLUT3↑, 1,   GLUT4↑, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 4,   ICAM-1↓, 2,   IL1↓, 1,   IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 5,   IL2↓, 1,   IL4↑, 1,   IL5↑, 1,   IL6↓, 7,   INF-γ↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 18,   NF-kB↓, 11,   p‑NF-kB↓, 2,   PGE2↓, 2,   TLR4↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 8,  

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

NOX↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

5HT↓, 1,   5HT↑, 2,   ADAM10↑, 1,   ChAT↑, 6,   p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 7,   BACE↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 2,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

RAAS↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 4,   BioAv↑, 5,   BioAv↝, 6,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↑, 7,   Half-Life↓, 4,   Half-Life↝, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 3,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 3,   BG↓, 1,   BMD↑, 1,   BP↓, 3,   BP↝, 1,   creat↓, 2,   GutMicro↑, 3,   IL6↓, 7,   LDH↓, 5,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiAge↑, 3,   AntiCan↑, 2,   AntiDiabetic↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   cardioP?, 1,   cardioP↓, 1,   cardioP↑, 7,   chemoP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 17,   cognitive∅, 1,   hepatoP↑, 6,   memory↑, 12,   Mood↑, 1,   motorD↑, 2,   neuroP↓, 1,   neuroP↑, 23,   RenoP↑, 2,   Risk↓, 1,   Sleep↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 3,   toxicity↝, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,   Weight↓, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,   Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 166

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
39 Quercetin
39 Thymoquinone
33 Curcumin
32 Hydrogen Gas
30 Lycopene
28 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
27 Resveratrol
27 Magnetic Fields
26 Selenium NanoParticles
25 Rosmarinic acid
24 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
19 Baicalein
18 Chlorogenic acid
18 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
18 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
18 Honokiol
17 Radiotherapy/Radiation
17 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
16 Luteolin
16 Propolis -bee glue
14 Berberine
12 Fisetin
12 Urolithin
11 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
11 Boron
10 Chrysin
10 Coenzyme Q10
10 Shikonin
9 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
9 doxorubicin
9 Astaxanthin
9 Bacopa monnieri
9 Vitamin K2
8 Selenite (Sodium)
8 Boswellia (frankincense)
8 Ferulic acid
8 Magnetic Field Rotating
8 Moringa oleifera
8 Pterostilbene
7 Silver-NanoParticles
7 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
7 Betulinic acid
7 Capsaicin
7 Carnosine
7 Chemotherapy
6 Artemisinin
6 Carnosic acid
6 Caffeic acid
6 Carvacrol
6 Selenium
6 Phenylbutyrate
5 Cisplatin
5 chitosan
5 Chocolate
5 Crocetin
5 Huperzine A/Huperzia serrata
5 Melatonin
5 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
5 Piperine
5 Rutin
4 Butyrate
4 Chlorophyllin
4 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
4 HydroxyCitric Acid
3 Anthocyanins
3 Andrographis
3 Cinnamon
3 Vitamin E
3 Ginkgo biloba
3 Orlistat
3 Methylsulfonylmethane
3 Mushroom Lion’s Mane
3 Shankhpushpi
3 Taurine
3 Ursolic acid
2 5-Hydroxytryptophan
2 Aromatherapy
2 Baicalin
2 Biochanin A
2 borneol
2 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE)
2 Celastrol
2 Choline
2 Citric Acid
2 Calorie Restriction Mimetics
2 Galantamine
2 Folic Acid, Vit B9
2 Graviola
2 HydroxyTyrosol
2 Juglone
2 Potassium
2 Magnolol
2 MCToil
2 Metformin
2 Magnesium
2 Vitamin B3,Niacin
2 Oleuropein
2 5-fluorouracil
2 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
2 Parthenolide
2 Radio Frequency
2 EMF
2 Sesame seeds and Oil
2 Salvia miltiorrhiza
2 Vitamin D3
2 Vitamin B1/Thiamine
1 Astragalus
1 Acetyl-l-carnitine
1 Aloe anthraquinones
1 Berbamine
1 beta-carotene(VitA)
1 Paclitaxel
1 Docetaxel
1 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
1 Spermidine
1 Aspirin -acetylsalicylic acid
1 Rivastigmine
1 Docosahexaenoic Acid
1 diet Ketogenic
1 Oxygen, Hyperbaric
1 Ellagic acid
1 Emodin
1 Electrical Pulses
1 Fucoidan
1 Shilajit/Fulvic Acid
1 Ginseng
1 γ-linolenic acid (Borage Oil)
1 hydrogen sulfide
1 Methylene blue
1 N-Acetyl-Cysteine
1 Oleocanthal
1 sericin
1 Propyl gallate
1 Piperlongumine
1 Psoralidin
1 benzo(a)pyrene
1 2-DeoxyGlucose
1 Perilla
1 Salvia officinalis
1 Gold NanoParticles
1 Date Fruit Extract
1 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
1 acetaminophen
1 Silicic Acid
1 Squalene
1 Safflower yellow
1 Aflavin-3,3′-digallate
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
1 Vitamin A, Retinoic Acid
1 Vitamin B12
1 Vitamin B2,Riboflavin
1 Vitamin B5,Pantothenic Acid
1 probiotics
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:275  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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