TGF-β Cancer Research Results

TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj(inhibit) CGL-CS TCGA
Type:
Human malignancies frequently exhibit mutations in the TGF-β pathway, and overactivation of this system is linked to tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses.
Anti-inflammatory cytokine.
In normal tissues, TGF-β plays an essential role in cell cycle regulation, immune function, and tissue remodeling.
- In early carcinogenesis, TGF-β typically acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.

In advanced cancers, cells frequently become resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-β.
- TGF-β then switches roles and promotes tumor progression by stimulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion.

Non-canonical (Smad-independent) pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Rho signaling, also contribute to TGF-β-mediated responses.

Elevated levels of TGF-β have been detected in many advanced-stage cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers.
 - The switch from a tumor-suppressive to a tumor-promoting role is often associated with increased TGF-β production and activation in the tumor microenvironment.

High TGF-β expression or signaling activity is frequently correlated with aggressive disease features, resistance to therapy, increased metastasis, and poorer overall survival in many cancer types.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5280- 3BP,    Anticancer Efficacy of the Metabolic Blocker 3-Bromopyruvate: Specific Molecular Targeting
- in-vitro, PC, NA
mtDam↑, HK2↓, TGF-β↓, Casp3↑, selectivity↑,
5356- AL,    Therapeutic role of allicin in gastrointestinal cancers: mechanisms and safety aspects
- Review, GC, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, AntiCan↑, ChemoSen↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, BioAv↑, selectivity↑, TGF-β↓, ROS↑, DNAdam↑, p‑P53↑, P21↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, MMP↓, NF-kB↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, ER Stress↑, Casp↑, AIF↑, Fas↑, Casp8↑, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑PARP↑, Ca+2↑, *NRF2↑, *chemoP↑, *GutMicro↑, CycB/CCNB1↑, H2S↑, HIF-1↓, RadioS↑,
2655- AL,    Allicin and Digestive System Cancers: From Chemical Structure to Its Therapeutic Opportunities
- Review, GC, NA
TGF-β↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK1↓, DNAdam↑, ROS↑, BAX↑, JNK↑, MMP↓, p38↑, MAPK↑, Fas↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp8↑, PARP↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Ca+2↑, ER Stress↑, P21↑, CDK2↓, CDK6↑, TumCCA↑, CDK4↓,
1124- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid inhibits proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition of thyroid cancer cells
- in-vitro, Thyroid, BCPAP - in-vitro, Thyroid, HTH-83 - in-vitro, Thyroid, CAL-62 - in-vitro, Thyroid, FTC-133 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCP↓, AMPK↑, mTOR↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, EMT↓, E-cadherin↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Vim↓, Snail↓, Twist↓, TGF-β↓, p‑SMAD2↓, TumCG↓,
1093- And,    Andrographolide attenuates epithelial‐mesenchymal transition induced by TGF‐β1 in alveolar epithelial cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
TGF-β↓, TumCMig↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, ECM/TCF↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, SMAD4↓, p‑ERK↓, ROS↓, NOX4↓, SOD2↑, SIRT1↑, FOXO3↑,
2318- Api,    Apigenin as a multifaceted antifibrotic agent: Therapeutic potential across organ systems
- Review, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *PKM2↓, *Hif1a↓, *TGF-β↓, *AMPK↑, *Inflam↓, *PI3K↓, *Akt↑, *NRF2↑, *NF-kB↓,
307- Api,    Flavonoids inhibit angiogenic cytokine production by human glioma cells
- in-vitro, GBM, GL-15
TGF-β↓,
238- Api,    Apigenin inhibits TGF-β-induced VEGF expression in human prostate carcinoma cells via a Smad2/3- and Src-dependent mechanism
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, C4-2B
VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, Src↓, FAK↓, Akt↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓,
3383- ART/DHA,    Dihydroartemisinin: A Potential Natural Anticancer Drug
- Review, Var, NA
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, TumAuto↑, ER Stress↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, p38↑, HSP70/HSPA5↓, PPARγ↑, GLUT1↓, Glycolysis↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, Hif1a↓, PKM2↓, lactateProd↓, GlucoseCon↓, EMT↓, Slug↓, Zeb1↓, ZEB2↓, Twist↓, Snail?, CAFs/TAFs↓, TGF-β↓, p‑STAT3↓, M2 MC↓, uPA↓, HH↓, AXL↓, VEGFR2↓, JNK↑, Beclin-1↑, GRP78/BiP↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, IL4↓, DR5↑, Cyt‑c↑, Fas↑, FADD↑, cl‑PARP↑, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, Mcl-1↓, Ki-67↓, Bcl-2↓, CDK6↓, VEGF↓, COX2↓, MMP9↓,
556- ART/DHA,    Artemisinins as a novel anti-cancer therapy: Targeting a global cancer pandemic through drug repurposing
- Review, NA, NA
IL6↓, IL1↓, TNF-α↓, TGF-β↓, NF-kB↓, MIP2↓, PGE2↓, NO↓, Hif1a↓, KDR/FLK-1↓, VEGF↓, MMP2↓, TIMP2↑, ITGB1↑, NCAM↑, p‑ATM↑, p‑ATR↑, p‑CHK1↑, p‑Chk2↑, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, ERK↓, cMyc↓, mTOR↓, survivin↓, cMET↓, EGFR↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE1↓, CDK4/6↓, p16↑, p27↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, Ferroptosis↑, oncosis↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, DNAdam↑, RAD51↓, HR↓,
563- ART/DHA,    Artesunate down-regulates immunosuppression from colorectal cancer Colon26 and RKO cells in vitro by decreasing transforming growth factor β1 and interleukin-10
- in-vitro, Colon, colon26 - in-vitro, CRC, RKO
TGF-β↓, IL10↓,
1075- ART/DHA,    Artemisinin derivatives inactivate cancer-associated fibroblasts through suppressing TGF-β signaling in breast cancer
- in-vitro, Nor, L929
*TGF-β↓,
3155- Ash,    Overview of the anticancer activity of withaferin A, an active constituent of the Indian ginseng Withania somnifera
- Review, Var, NA
Half-Life↝, Inflam↓, antiOx↓, angioG↓, ROS↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, E6↓, E7↓, P53↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, STAT3↓, eff↑, HSP90↓, TGF-β↓, TNF-α↓, EMT↑, mTOR↓, NOTCH1↓, p‑Akt↓, NF-kB↓, Dose↝,
1173- Ash,    Withaferin A inhibits proliferation of human endometrial cancer cells via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling
- in-vitro, EC, K1 - in-vitro, Nor, THESCs
TumCP↓, *toxicity↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, p‑SMAD2↓, TGF-β↓, *toxicity↓,
5502- Ba,    An overview of pharmacological activities of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein: New insights into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways
- Review, Var, NA
*AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *hepatoP↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, Ca+2↑, ROS↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, Mcl-1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, BAD↓, ERK↓, MEK↓, DR5↑, Fas↑, TumMeta↓, EMT↓, SMAD4↓, TGF-β↓, MMP9↓, MMP2↓, HIF-1↓, 12LOX↓,
5501- Ba,    Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of Baicalein on stomach cancer: a comprehensive systematic literature review
- Review, GC, NA
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, BAX↑, TumAuto↑, ROS↑, NRF2↝, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, TGF-β↓, SMAD4↓, GPx4↓, MMP↓, *HO-1↑, *GSTs↑, *antiOx↑, *AntiTum↑, *NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, Akt↓, mTOR↓, FAK↓, Ki-67↓,
2606- Ba,    Baicalein: A review of its anti-cancer effects and mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Review, HCC, NA
ChemoSen↑, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, MMPs↓, MAPK↓, TGF-β↓, ZFX↓, p‑MEK↓, ERK↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, uPA↓, TIMP1↓, TIMP2↓, NF-kB↓, p65↓, p‑IKKα↓, Fas↑, Casp2↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-xL↓, BAX↑, ER Stress↑, Ca+2↑, JNK↑, P53↑, ROS↑, H2O2↑, cMyc↓, CD24↓, 12LOX↓,
1399- BBR,  Rad,    Radiotherapy Enhancing and Radioprotective Properties of Berberine: A Systematic Review
- Review, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *MDA↓, *TNF-α↓, *TGF-β↓, *IL10↑, ROS↑, DNAdam↑, mtDam↑, MMP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, RadioS↑,
2674- BBR,    Berberine: A novel therapeutic strategy for cancer
- Review, Var, NA - Review, IBD, NA
Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↓, TumCI↓, eff↑, eff↑, CD4+↓, TNF-α↓, IL1↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, other↓, AMPK↑, MAPK↓, NF-kB↓, IL6↓, MCP1↓, PGE2↓, COX2↓, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, AntiTum↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, Fas↑, FasL↑, ROS↑, ATM↑, P53↑, RB1↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, Casp3↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, IAP1↓, XIAP↓, survivin↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDC25↓, CDC25↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, RenoP↑, mTOR↓, MDM2↓, LC3II↑, ERK↓, COX2↓, MMP3↓, TGF-β↓, EMT↑, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RAS↓, Rho↓, NF-kB↓, uPA↓, MMP1↓, MMP13↓, ChemoSen↑,
2763- BetA,    Betulinic Acid Inhibits the Stemness of Gastric Cancer Cells by Regulating the GRP78-TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway and Macrophage Polarization
- in-vitro, GC, NA
GRP78/BiP↓, TGF-β↓, ChemoSen↑, CSCs↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓, OCT4↓,
1206- Caff,    Caffeine inhibits TGFβ activation in epithelial cells, interrupts fibroblast responses to TGFβ, and reduces established fibrosis in ex vivo precision-cut lung slices
- in-vitro, NA, NA - ex-vivo, NA, NA
Fibrosis↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓,
1105- CEL,    Celecoxib inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer via the miRNA-145/TGFBR2/Smad3 axis
- in-vitro, BC, NA
COX2↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, EMT↓, miR-145↑, TGF-β↓, SMAD3↓,
1601- Cu,    The copper (II) complex of salicylate phenanthroline induces immunogenic cell death of colorectal cancer cells through inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
- in-vitro, CRC, NA
i-CRT↓, ICD↑, i-ATP↓, i-HMGB1↓, ER Stress↑, ROS↑, DCells↑, CD8+↑, IL12↑, IFN-γ↑, TGF-β↓,
3582- CUR,  PI,    Therapeutic and Preventive Effects of Piperine and its Combination with Curcumin as a Bioenhancer Against Aluminum-Induced Damage in the Astrocyte Cells
*eff↑, *IL6↓, *TGF-β↓, *BioAv↑,
153- CUR,    Curcumin Inhibits Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis by Up-Regulating Bone Morphogenic Protein-7 in Vivo
- in-vivo, Pca, C4-2B
PSA↓, TGF-β↓, BMPs↑, TumMeta↓,
123- CUR,    Synthesis of novel 4-Boc-piperidone chalcones and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity against highly-metastatic cancer cells
- in-vitro, Colon, LoVo - in-vitro, Colon, COLO205 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1
NF-kB↓, ATF3↑, HO-1↑, Wnt↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, PTEN↑, Apoptosis↑, TGF-β↓, PPARγ↑,
124- CUR,    Curcumin-Gene Expression Response in Hormone Dependent and Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, C4-2B
TGF-β↓, Wnt↓, PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, NF-kB↓, PTEN↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑,
13- CUR,    Role of curcumin in regulating p53 in breast cancer: an overview of the mechanism of action
- Review, BC, NA
P53↑, DR5↑, JNK↑, NRF2↑, PPARγ↑, HER2/EBBR2↓, IR↓, ER(estro)↓, Fas↑, PDGF↓, TGF-β↓, FGF↓, EGFR↓, JAK↓, PAK↓, MAPK↓, ATPase↓, COX2↓, MMPs↓, IL1↓, IL2↓, IL5↓, IL6↓, IL8↓, IL12↓, IL18↓, NF-kB↓, NOTCH1↓, STAT1↓, STAT4↓, STAT5↓, STAT3↓,
447- CUR,  OXA,    Curcumin reverses oxaliplatin resistance in human colorectal cancer via regulation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway
- vitro+vivo, CRC, HCT116
p‑p65↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, EMT↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, N-cadherin↓, TGF-β↓, E-cadherin↑, TumVol↓, TumCMig↓,
2688- CUR,    Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *SOD↑, p16↑, JAK2↓, STAT3↓, CXCL12↓, IL6↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, LAMs↓, DNAdam↑, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *NO↑, *MDA↓, *ROS↓, DNMT1↓, ROS↑, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, miR-21↓, LC3II↓, ChemoSen↑, NF-kB↓, CSCs↓, Nanog↓, OCT4↓, SOX2↓, eff↑, Sp1/3/4↓, miR-27a-3p↓, ZBTB10↑, SOX9?, ChemoSen↑, VEGF↓, XIAP↓, Bcl-2↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, BioAv↑, Hif1a↓, EMT↓, BioAv↓, PTEN↑, VEGF↓, Akt↑, EZH2↓, NOTCH1↓, TP53↑, NQO1↑, HO-1↑,
1607- EA,    Exploring the Potential of Ellagic Acid in Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention: Recent Advances and Future Directions
- Review, GC, NA
STAT3↓, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓, EMT↓, RadioS↑, antiOx↑, COX1↓, COX2↓, cMyc↓, Snail↓, Twist↓, MMP2↓, P90RSK↓, CDK8↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, TumCCA↑, Casp8↑, PCNA↓, TGF-β↓, Shh↓, NOTCH↓, IL6↓, ALAT↓, ALP↓, AST↓, VEGF↓, P21↑, *toxicity∅, *Inflam↓, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, ROS↑, *NRF2↓, *GSH↑,
1605- EA,    Ellagic Acid and Cancer Hallmarks: Insights from Experimental Evidence
- Review, Var, NA
*BioAv↓, antiOx↓, Inflam↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, P53↑, P21↑, COX2↓, NF-kB↓, Akt↑, NOTCH↓, CDK2↓, CDK6↓, JAK↓, STAT3↓, EGFR↓, p‑ERK↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑STAT3↓, TGF-β↓, SMAD3↓, CDK6↓, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, Myc↓, survivin↓, CDK8↓, PKCδ↓, tumCV↓, RadioS↑, eff↑, MDM2↓, XIAP↓, p‑RB1↓, PTEN↑, p‑FAK↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, Bcl-xL↓, Mcl-1↓, PUMA↑, NOXA↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↝, Endoglin↑, Diablo↑, AIF↑, iNOS↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, RadioS↑, Hif1a↓, HO-1↓, HO-2↓, SIRT1↓, selectivity↑, Dose∅, NHE1↓, Glycolysis↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, PDK1?, PDK1?, ECAR↝, COX1↓, Snail↓, Twist↓, cMyc↓, Telomerase↓, angioG↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, Dose↝, PD-L1↓, eff↑, SIRT6↑, DNAdam↓,
1618- EA,    A comprehensive review on Ellagic acid in breast cancer treatment: From cellular effects to molecular mechanisms of action
- Review, BC, NA
TumCCA↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, Apoptosis↑, TGF-β↓, SMAD3↓, CDK6↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, angioG↓, VEGFR2↓, MAPK↓, NEDD9↓, NF-kB↓, eff↑, eff↑, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, DNAdam↑, eff↑, *toxicity∅, *toxicity∅,
1110- EA,  GEM,    Ellagic Acid Resensitizes Gemcitabine-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Gemcitabine Transporters
- vitro+vivo, Bladder, NA
TGF-β↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓, SMAD4↓,
1072- EGCG,    Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) suppresses epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells through blocking of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathways
- in-vitro, Thyroid, 8505C
EMT↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, TGF-β↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, SMAD4↓,
26- EGCG,  QC,  docx,    Green tea and quercetin sensitize PC-3 xenograft prostate tumors to docetaxel chemotherapy
- vitro+vivo, Pca, PC3
BAD↓, cl‑PARP↑, Casp7↑, IκB↓, Ki-67↓, VEGF↓, EGFR↓, FGF↓, TGF-β↓, TNF-α↓, SCF↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, NF-kB↓, chemoP↑, ChemoSen↑, TumVol↓,
1246- EMD,    Emodin reduces Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by suppressing Macrophage-induced Breast Cancer Cell Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Cancer Stem Cell formation
- in-vivo, BC, NA
TGF-β↓, EMT↓, CSCs↓,
1322- EMD,    The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, ROS↑, TumAuto↑, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, DNAdam↑, ER Stress↑, TumCCA↑, ATP↓, NF-kB↓, CYP1A1↑, STAC2↓, JAK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, MAPK↓, FASN↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, angioG↓, VEGF↓, MMP2↓, eNOS↓, FOXD3↑, MMP9↓, TIMP1↑,
2839- FIS,    Dietary flavonoid fisetin for cancer prevention and treatment
- Review, Var, NA
DNAdam↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, lipid-P↓, TumCG↓, TumCA↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, uPA↓, ERK↓, MMP9↓, NF-kB↓, cFos↓, cJun↓, AP-1↓, TumCCA↑, AR↓, mTORC1↓, mTORC2↓, TSC2↑, EGF↓, TGF-β↓, EMT↓, P-gp↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, eff↑, ROS↓, ER Stress↑, IRE1↑, ATF4↑, GRP78/BiP↑, ChemoSen↑, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, cycE/CCNE↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, P21↑, COX2↓, Wnt↓, EGFR↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, TCF-4↓, MMP7↓, RadioS↑, eff↑,
4027- FulvicA,    Mummy Induces Apoptosis Through Inhibiting of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Human Breast Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, MCF10
tumCV↓, selectivity↑, TGF-β↓, Twist↓, NOTCH1↓, CTNNB1↓, Src↓, E-cadherin↑, EMT↓, TumMeta↓, BioAv↑,
805- GAR,  Cisplatin,  PacT,    Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells
- Review, NA, NA
ERK↓, PI3K/Akt↓, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, STAT3↓, NF-kB↓, ChemoSen↑, COX2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, HATs↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, Zeb1↓, ZEB2↓, Let-7↑, MMP9↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, IL6↓, NOTCH1↓,
817- GAR,    Garcinol inhibits esophageal cancer metastasis by suppressing the p300 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways
- vitro+vivo, SCC, KYSE150 - vitro+vivo, SCC, KYSE450
HATs↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, CBP↓, p300↓, TGF-β↓, Ki-67↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓,
822- GAR,    Garcinol, a Polyisoprenylated Benzophenone Modulates Multiple Proinflammatory Signaling Cascades Leading to the Suppression of Growth and Survival of Head and Neck Carcinoma
- vitro+vivo, HNSCC, NA
ROS↑, STAT3↓, cSrc↓, JAK1↓, JAK2↓, NF-kB↓, TGF-β↓, TumCG↓,
1117- Gb,    Ginkgobiloba leaf extract mitigates cisplatin-induced chronic renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells mediated by the Smad3/TGF-β1 and Smad3/p38 MAPK pathways
- vitro+vivo, Kidney, HK-2
α-SMA↓, COL1↓, TGF-β↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, p38↓, p‑p38↓, Vim↓, TIMP1↓, CTGF↓, E-cadherin↑, MMP1:TIMP1↑,
941- Gos,  Rad,    The Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Gossypol Inhibits Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
- in-vivo, NA, NA
lactateProd↓, other↓, TGF-β↓,
1649- HCAs,    Anticancer Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids -A Review
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCCA↑, COX2↓, NF-kB↓,
4636- HT,    Hydroxytyrosol inhibits cancer stem cells and the metastatic capacity of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines by the simultaneous targeting of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Wnt/ß-catenin and TGFß signaling
- in-vitro, BC, SUM159 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, HS587T - in-vitro, BC, BT549
Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, LRP6↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, EMT↓, Slug↓, Zeb1↓, Snail↓, Vim↓, TGF-β↓, CSCs↓, TumCMig↓, chemoP↑,
4632- HT,    Hydroxytyrosol inhibits cancer stem cells and the metastatic capacity of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines by the simultaneous targeting of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ signaling pathways
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, BT549 - in-vitro, BC, SUM159
CSCs↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Wnt↓, p‑LRP6↓, LRP6↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, EMT↓, Slug↓, Zeb1↓, Snail↓, Vim↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓, TGF-β↓,
1122- LF,  MTX,    Lactoferrin Reverses Methotrexate Driven Epithelial Barrier Defect by Inhibiting TGF-β Mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
- in-vivo, Colon, Caco-2
TGF-β↓, EMT↓,
1060- LT,  BTZ,    Luteolin inhibits the TGF-β signaling pathway to overcome bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma
- vitro+vivo, Melanoma, NA
ALDH1A1↓, TGF-β↓, ChemoSen↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 50 of 82
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 82

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↓, 2,   antiOx↑, 1,   ATF3↑, 1,   CYP1A1↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   GPx4↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   HO-1↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   HO-2↓, 1,   ICD↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   NOX4↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   NRF2↝, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 18,   SOD2↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 2,   ATP↓, 1,   i-ATP↓, 1,   CDC25↓, 2,   EGF↓, 1,   MEK↓, 1,   p‑MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 8,   mtDam↑, 2,   XIAP↓, 3,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

12LOX↓, 2,   ALAT↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 2,   cMyc↓, 4,   ECAR↝, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 2,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   H2S↑, 1,   HK2↓, 1,   IR↓, 1,   lactateProd↓, 3,   PDK1?, 2,   PI3K/Akt↓, 1,   PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,   PPARγ↑, 3,   SIRT1↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 12,   Akt↑, 2,   p‑Akt↓, 2,   Apoptosis↑, 16,   BAD↓, 2,   Bak↑, 1,   BAX↑, 9,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 3,   Bcl-2↓, 7,   Bcl-xL↓, 3,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp2↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 9,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 5,   Casp9↑, 6,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   CBP↓, 1,   p‑Chk2↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 7,   Diablo↑, 1,   DR5↑, 3,   FADD↑, 1,   Fas↑, 7,   FasL↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   IAP1↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   JNK↑, 4,   MAPK↓, 6,   MAPK↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 3,   MDM2↓, 2,   Myc↓, 1,   NOXA↑, 1,   oncosis↑, 1,   p27↑, 1,   p38↓, 1,   p38↑, 2,   p‑p38↓, 1,   PUMA↑, 1,   survivin↓, 3,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

cSrc↓, 1,   FOXD3↑, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   PAK↓, 1,   SOX9?, 1,   Sp1/3/4↓, 1,   TSC2↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

cJun↓, 1,   EZH2↓, 1,   HATs↓, 2,   miR-145↑, 1,   miR-21↓, 1,   miR-27a-3p↓, 1,   other↓, 2,   tumCV↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

i-CRT↓, 1,   ER Stress↑, 7,   GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 2,   HSP70/HSPA5↓, 1,   HSP90↓, 1,   IRE1↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3II↓, 1,   LC3II↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 5,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

ATM↑, 1,   p‑ATM↑, 1,   p‑ATR↑, 1,   p‑CHK1↑, 1,   DNAdam↓, 1,   DNAdam↑, 8,   DNMT1↓, 1,   HR↓, 1,   p16↑, 2,   P53↑, 5,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 5,   PCNA↓, 1,   RAD51↓, 1,   SIRT6↑, 1,   TP53↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 4,   CDK4↓, 4,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↑, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 8,   cycE/CCNE↓, 5,   cycE1↓, 1,   P21↑, 5,   RB1↑, 1,   p‑RB1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 16,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ALDH1A1↓, 1,   CD24↓, 1,   CDK8↓, 2,   cFos↓, 1,   cMET↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 5,   CTNNB1↓, 1,   EMT↓, 15,   EMT↑, 2,   ERK↓, 6,   p‑ERK↓, 2,   FGF↓, 2,   FOXO3↑, 1,   HH↓, 1,   Let-7↑, 1,   LRP6↓, 2,   p‑LRP6↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 8,   mTORC1↓, 1,   mTORC2↓, 1,   Nanog↓, 1,   NOTCH↓, 2,   NOTCH1↓, 5,   OCT4↓, 2,   p300↓, 1,   P90RSK↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 9,   PTEN↑, 4,   RAS↓, 1,   SCF↓, 1,   Shh↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 1,   Src↓, 2,   STAT1↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 7,   p‑STAT3↓, 2,   STAT4↓, 1,   STAT5↓, 1,   TCF-4↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 3,   Wnt↓, 5,   Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, 3,   ZFX↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

AP-1↓, 1,   ATPase↓, 1,   AXL↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 5,   Ca+2↝, 1,   CAFs/TAFs↓, 1,   CDK4/6↓, 1,   COL1↓, 1,   CTGF↓, 1,   CXCL12↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 5,   FAK↓, 3,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   Fibrosis↓, 1,   ITGB1↑, 1,   Ki-67↓, 4,   LAMs↓, 1,   MMP1↓, 1,   MMP1:TIMP1↑, 1,   MMP13↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 10,   MMP3↓, 1,   MMP7↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 11,   MMPs↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   NCAM↑, 1,   NEDD9↓, 1,   PDGF↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   Rho↓, 1,   ROCK1↓, 1,   Slug↓, 3,   SMAD2↓, 6,   p‑SMAD2↓, 6,   SMAD3↓, 9,   p‑SMAD3↓, 4,   SMAD4↓, 5,   Snail?, 1,   Snail↓, 5,   STAC2↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 46,   TIMP1↓, 2,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TIMP2↓, 1,   TIMP2↑, 1,   TumCA↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 10,   TumCMig↓, 12,   TumCP↓, 11,   TumMeta↓, 7,   Twist↓, 5,   uPA↓, 4,   Vim↓, 5,   Zeb1↓, 4,   ZEB2↓, 2,   α-SMA↓, 3,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 4,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 6,   ATF4↑, 1,   ECM/TCF↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 5,   Endoglin↑, 1,   eNOS↓, 1,   HIF-1↓, 2,   Hif1a↓, 5,   KDR/FLK-1↓, 1,   NO↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 12,   VEGFR2↓, 2,   ZBTB10↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 1,   NHE1↓, 1,   P-gp↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

CD4+↓, 1,   COX1↓, 2,   COX2↓, 10,   DCells↑, 1,   i-HMGB1↓, 1,   IFN-γ↑, 1,   p‑IKKα↓, 1,   IL1↓, 3,   IL10↓, 1,   IL12↓, 1,   IL12↑, 1,   IL18↓, 1,   IL2↓, 1,   IL4↓, 1,   IL5↓, 1,   IL6↓, 6,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 3,   IκB↓, 1,   JAK↓, 3,   JAK1↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 2,   M2 MC↓, 1,   MCP1↓, 1,   MIP2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 20,   NF-kB↑, 1,   p65↓, 1,   p‑p65↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 2,   PSA↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   CDK6↓, 5,   CDK6↑, 1,   ER(estro)↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 3,   BioAv↑, 3,   ChemoSen↑, 14,   Dose↝, 2,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↑, 18,   Half-Life↝, 1,   RadioS↑, 7,   selectivity↑, 4,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ALP↓, 1,   AR↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BMPs↑, 1,   E6↓, 1,   E7↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 5,   EZH2↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   IL6↓, 6,   Ki-67↓, 4,   Myc↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   TP53↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 3,   AntiTum↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 2,   RenoP↑, 1,   TumVol↓, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

CD8+↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 333

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 5,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   MDA↓, 2,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 3,   ROS↓, 6,   SOD↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

PI3K↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TGF-β↓, 4,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 1,   NO↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL10↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 3,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 2,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 2,   toxicity∅, 3,  
Total Targets: 38

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
8 Curcumin
6 Thymoquinone
5 Quercetin
4 Artemisinin
4 Ellagic acid
3 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
3 Baicalein
3 Garcinol
3 Resveratrol
3 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
2 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
2 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
2 Berberine
2 Radiotherapy/Radiation
2 Piperine
2 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
2 Emodin
2 HydroxyTyrosol
2 Magnetic Fields
2 Propolis -bee glue
2 Shikonin
1 3-bromopyruvate
1 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
1 Andrographis
1 Betulinic acid
1 Caffeine
1 Celecoxib
1 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
1 Oxaliplatin
1 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
1 Docetaxel
1 Fisetin
1 Shilajit/Fulvic Acid
1 Cisplatin
1 Paclitaxel
1 Ginkgo biloba
1 Gossypol
1 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
1 Lactoferrin
1 methotrexate
1 Luteolin
1 Bortezomib
1 Magnolol
1 MCToil
1 Metformin
1 Magnetic Field Rotating
1 Naringin
1 Rosmarinic acid
1 Selenium
1 Salvia miltiorrhiza
1 doxorubicin
1 Ursolic acid
1 Vitamin B5,Pantothenic Acid
1 Vitamin K2
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:304  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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