γH2AX Cancer Research Results

γH2AX, gamma-H2AX: Click to Expand ⟱
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γH2AX (gamma-H2AX) is a histone protein that plays a crucial role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). It is a phosphorylated form of the H2AX protein, which is a component of chromatin.

γH2AX is often used as a biomarker for DNA damage and genomic instability. When DNA is damaged, the H2AX protein is phosphorylated, forming γH2AX, which recruits and activates DNA repair proteins to the site of damage.
γ-H2AX, a marker for DNA double-strand breaks.

Cancer cells often exhibit increased levels of γH2AX due to their high rate of DNA replication and repair errors.

Gamma-H2AX, on the other hand, refers to a phosphorylated form of H2AX.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7487- H2,    A comprehensive review of molecular hydrogen as a novel nutrition therapy in relieving oxidative stress and diseases: Mechanisms and perspectives
- Review, Nor, NA
*Inflam↓, H2 demonstrates numerous biologically therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-apoptotic, anti-allergic effects, signaling molecule functions, regulation of redox balance
*antiOx↓,
*Stress↓,
*Dose↝, The administration methods of hydrogen include inhalation, hydrogen-rich water, hydrogen-rich saline, hydrogen-rich eye drops, and hydrogen-rich bathing.
*cardioP↑, graphical abstract and figure 4
*GastroP↑,
*BBB↑, H2 is its ability to easily cross the blood-brain barrier and penetrate biomembranes, diffusing throughout the different tissues and organs.
*eff↑, The above-cited properties led some researchers to refer to it as a "miracle" molecule
*toxicity↓, Regarding the biosafety of hydrogen, numerous reports, including those from the US government and the EU, have indicated that hydrogen is safe for biological systems, showing no acute or chronic toxicity under normal pressure
*Dose↝, human large intestine often produces approximately 70–140 mL of hydrogen daily through the action of coliform bacteria such as Escherichia coli under typical environmental conditions.
*hepatoP↑, including cardioprotective properties, improved liver function, reduced oxidative stress, and prevention of Parkinson's disease
*ROS↓,
*SOD↑, 1.5–2.0 L/day drinking HRW orally 0.55–0.65 mM 1.65–2.6 mg H2/day 8 weeks SOD: ↑ TRABS: ↓ HDL: ↑
*TBARS↓,
*HDL↑,
*LDL↓, figure 4
*Obesity↓, figure 5 obesity
*GSH↑, HRW treatment partially alleviated colitis symptoms, improved histopathological changes, significantly increased glutathione (GSH) concentration, and reduced the level of TNF-α.
*TNF-α↓,
*GutMicro↑, HRW was found to exhibit partial relief of inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis in the intestinal flora of mice with chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)
*DNAdam↓, HRW-treated mice exhibited decreased levels of markers associated with oxidative DNA damage, such as phosphorylated histone H2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, as well as markers indicative of aging
*γH2AX↓,
*p‑p38↓, Treatment with HRS also inhibited the activation of p-p38 and NF-κB while suppressing the production of several pro-inflammatory mediators,
*NF-kB↓,

2907- LT,    Protective effect of luteolin against oxidative stress‑mediated cell injury via enhancing antioxidant systems
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, Intracellular ROS levels and damage to cellular components such as lipids and DNA in H2O2-treated cells were significantly decreased by luteolin pretreatment.
*Casp9↓, Luteolin suppressed active caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels while increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax protein levels.
*Casp3↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*BAX↓,
*GSH↑, luteolin restored levels of glutathione that was reduced in response to H2O2.
*SOD↑, luteolin enhanced the activity and protein expressions of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and heme oxygenase-1.
*Catalase↑,
*GPx↑,
*HO-1↑,
*antiOx↑, upregulating antioxidant enzymes.
*lipid-P↓, protective effect of luteolin against lipid peroxidation
*p‑γH2AX↓, showed that luteolin pretreatment diminished expression levels of phospho-H2A.X in H2O2-exposed cells
eff↑, promising therapeutic agent for management and treatment of conditions such as COPD and pulmonary fibrosis.

3277- Lyco,    Recent trends and advances in the epidemiology, synergism, and delivery system of lycopene as an anti-cancer agent
- Review, Var, NA
antiOx↑, lycopene provides a strong antioxidant activity that is 100 times more effective than α-tocopherol and more than double effective that of β-carotene
TumCP↓, In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that lycopene at near physiological levels (0.5−2 μM) could inhibit cancer cell proliferation [[22], [23], [24]], induce apoptosis [[25], [26], [27]], and suppress metastasis [
Apoptosis↑,
TumMeta↑,
ChemoSen↑, lycopene can increase the effect of anti-cancer drugs (including adriamycin, cisplatin, docetaxel and paclitaxel) on cancer cell growth and reduce tumour size
BioAv↓, low water solubility and bioavailability of lycopene
Dose↝, The concentration of lycopene in plasma (daily intake of 10 mg lycopene) is approximately 0.52−0.6 μM
BioAv↓, significant decrease in lycopene bioavailability in the elderly
BioAv↑, oils and fats favours the bioavailability of lycopene [80], while large molecules such as pectin can hinder the absorption of lycopene in the small intestine due to their action on lipids and bile salt molecules
SOD↑, GC: 50−150 mg/kg BW/day ↑SOD, CAT, GPx ↑IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α ↑IgA, IgG, IgM ↓IL-6
Catalase↑,
GPx↑,
IL2↑, lycopene treatment significantly enhanced blood IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α levels and reduced IL-6 level in a dose-dependent manner.
IL4↑,
IL1↑,
TNF-α↑,
GSH↑, GC: ↑GSH, GPx, GST, GR
GPx↑,
GSTA1↑,
GSR↑,
PPARγ↑, ↑GPx, SOD, MDA ↑PPARγ, caspase-3 ↓NF-κB, COX-2
Casp3↑,
NF-kB↓,
COX2/PTGS2↓,
Bcl-2↑, AGS cells Lycopene 5 μM ↑Bcl-2 ↓Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, p53 ↓Chk1, Chk2, γ-H2AX, DNA damage ↓ROS Phase arrest
BAX↓,
P53↓,
CHK1↓,
Chk2↓,
γH2AX↓,
DNAdam↓,
ROS↓,
P21↑, CRC: ↑p21 ↓PCNA, β-catenin ↓COX-2, PGE2, ERK1/2 phosphorylated
PCNA↓,
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
PGE2↓,
ERK↓,
cMyc↓, AGS cells: ↓Wnt-1, c-Myc, cyclin E ↓Jak1/Stat3, Wnt/β-catenin alteration ↓ROS
cycE/CCNE↓,
JAK1↓,
STAT3↓,
SIRT1↑, Huh7: ↑SIRT1 ↓Cells growth ↑PARP cleavage ↓Cyclin D1, TNFα, IL-6, NF-κB, p65, STAT3, Akt activation ↓Tumour multiplicity, volume
cl‑PARP↑,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
TNF-α↓,
IL6↓,
p65↓,
MMP2↓, SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells Lycopene 5, 10 μM ↓MMP-2, MMP-9 ↓
MMP9↓,
Wnt↓, AGS cells Lycopene 0.5 μM, 1 μM ↓Wnt-1, c-Myc, cyclin E ↓Jak1/Stat3, Wnt/β-catenin alteration ↓ROS


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 3 of 3

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 3

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   GSTA1↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

cMyc↓, 1,   PPARγ↑, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 1,   BAX↓, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Chk2↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

CHK1↓, 1,   DNAdam↓, 1,   P53↓, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,   γH2AX↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ERK↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,   TumMeta↑, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   IL1↑, 1,   IL2↑, 1,   IL4↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   JAK1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   p65↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,   TNF-α↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 2,   BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 50

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

Stress↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 2,   HDL↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   SOD↑, 2,   TBARS↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

LDL↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

BAX↓, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 1,   p‑p38↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1,   γH2AX↓, 1,   p‑γH2AX↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,   GastroP↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

Dose↝, 2,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

cardioP↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   Obesity↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 33

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: γH2AX, gamma-H2AX
1 Hydrogen Gas
1 Luteolin
1 Lycopene
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

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