IAP1 Cancer Research Results

IAP1, cIAP1, cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1: Click to Expand ⟱

Source:

Type:

IAP1 (cIAP1, encoded by the gene BIRC2) is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) protein family.
• IAP proteins generally function by binding and inhibiting components of the cell death machinery, thereby promoting cell survival.
• Beyond their role in directly suppressing apoptosis, IAP proteins (including IAP1) are involved in regulating other signaling pathways—such as NF-κB—that can influence inflammation, immune responses, and cellular proliferation.

Overexpression of IAP proteins, including IAP1, has been observed in various tumor types. – High IAP1 levels can help tumor cells evade apoptosis (programmed cell death), contributing to tumor growth and progression.
• IAP1 may also influence the tumor microenvironment by modulating pro-survival and inflammatory signals.

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱

5396-

Ash,

Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Withaferin A: Potential in Integrative Oncology

Review,

Var,

selectivity↑, WS was shown to impede the growth of new cancer cells, but not normal cells,
ROS↑, help induce programmed death of cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and sensistize cancer cells to apoptosis
Apoptosis↑,
ChemoSen↑, Pre-clinical studies in several cancer types have shown up to 80% inhibition using combination chemotherapy [19].
RadioS↑, It was not until 1996, that WFA’s radiosensitizer activity was reported that caused V79 cell survival reduction where 1-h pre-treatment at 2.1 µM dose before radiation significantly killed cells
NF-kB↓, inhibiting NF-κB activation
ER-α36↓, WFA, it was found the phytochemical downregulated the estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) protein in MCF-7 cells.
P53↑, WFA selectively activated p53 in tumor cells treated with the leaf extract of Ashwagandha [71] leading to growth arrest and apoptosis.
*ROS∅, opposed to the normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) [72] which did not increase ROS production.
γH2AX↑, The group found an increase in γ-H2AX and number of cells expressing the phosphorylated form which is a marker for DNA damage in WFA treated MCF-7 cells.
DNAdam↑,
MMP↓, As ROS is well known to affect mithochondrial membrane potential, they found a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and altered mitochondrial morphology in WFA treated cells.
XIAP↓, XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), cIAP-2 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2) and Survivin proteins were found to be reduced in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells when treated with WFA
IAP1↓,
survivin↓,
SOD↓, figure 2
Dose↝, doses of 3 and 4 mg/kg and the authors found 59% reduction of tumor and polyp initiation and progression in the WFA treated mice compared to the controls [80].
IL6↓, WFA downregulated expression of inflammatory markers in these tumors such as IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 along with pro-survival markers such as pAkt, Notch1 and NF-κβ [80].
TNF-α↓,
COX2↓,
p‑Akt↓,
NOTCH1↓,
FOXO↑, figure 3 prostrate cancer
Casp↑,
MMP2↓,
CSCs↓, WFA treatment significantly reduced ALDH+ CSC population, whereas Cisplatin treatment increased CSC population.
*ROS↓, WFA was found to increase cellular survival in simulated injury and in H2O2-induced cell apoptosis along with inhibition of oxidative stress.
*SOD2↑, Thus, via upregulation of SOD2, SOD3, Prdx-1 by H2O2, WFA treatment leads to inhibition of the antioxidants and Akt-dependent improvement of cardiomyocyte caspase-3 [103].
chemoP↑, First, given the safety record of WS, it can be used as an adjunct therapy that can aid in reducing the adverse effects associated with radio and chemotherapy due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
ChemoSen↑, Second, WS can also be combined with other conventional therapies such as chemotherapies to synergize and potentiate the effects due to radiotherapy and chemotherapy due to its ability to aid in radio- and chemosensitization, respectively.
RadioS↑,

1521-

Ba,

Baicalein induces apoptosis via ROS-dependent activation of caspases in human bladder cancer 5637 cells

in-vitro,

Bladder,

5637

0,50,150,250 uM

TumCG↓,
Apoptosis↑,
IAP1↓, downregulation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, including cIAP-1 and cIAP-2,
IAP2↓,
Casp3↑, activation of caspase-9 and -3
Casp9↑,
BAX↑,
Bcl-2↓,
MMP↓, dose-dependent loss of MMP
Casp8↑,
BID↑,
ROS?, baicalein can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) hese findings suggest that an increase in ROS is required for the occurrence of baicalein- induced apoptosis in 5637 cells.
eff↓, pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly attenuates the baicalein effects on the loss of MMP and activation of caspase
DR4↑, baicalein considerably increased the levels of DR4, DR5, FasL, and TRAIL.
DR5↑,
FasL↑,
TRAIL↑,

2674-

BBR,

Berberine: A novel therapeutic strategy for cancer

Review,

Var,

Review,

IBD,

Inflam↓, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antidiarrheal, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and fungicide.
AntiCan↑, elaborated on the anticancer effects of BBR through the regulation of different molecular pathways such as: inducing apoptosis, autophagy, arresting cell cycle, and inhibiting metastasis and invasion.
Apoptosis↑,
TumAuto↑,
TumCCA↑,
TumMeta↓,
TumCI↓,
eff↑, BBR is shown to have beneficial effects on cancer immunotherapy.
eff↑, BBR inhibited the release of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) from LPS stimulated lymphocytes by acting as a dopamine receptor antagonist
CD4+↓, BBR inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and down-regulated TNF-α and IL-1 and thus, improved autoimmune neuropathy.
TNF-α↓,
IL1↓,
BioAv↓, On the other hand, P-Glycoprotein (P-gp), a secretive pump located in the epithelial cell membrane, restricts the oral bioavailability of a variety of medications, such as BBR. The use of P-gp inhibitors is a common and effective way to prevent this
BioAv↓, Regardless of its low bioavailability, BBR has shown great therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of a number of diseases.
other↓, BBR has been also used as an effective therapeutic agent for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) for several years
AMPK↑, inhibitory effects on inflammation by regulating different mechanisms such as 5′ Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK. Increase of AMPK
MAPK↓, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and NF-κB signaling pathways
NF-kB↓,
IL6↓, inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory genes such as IL-1, IL-6, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP1), TNF-α, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
MCP1↓,
PGE2↓,
COX2↓,
*ROS↓, BBR protected PC-12 cells (normal) from oxidative damage by suppressing ROS through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways
*antiOx↑, BBR therapy improved the antioxidant function of mice intestinal tissue by enhancing the levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes.
*GPx↑,
*Catalase↑,
AntiTum↑, Besides, BBR leaves great antitumor effects on multiple types of cancer such as breast cancer,69 bladder cancer,70 hepatocarcinoma,71 and colon cancer.72
TumCP↓, BBR exerts its antitumor activity by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressing angiogenesis and metastasis
angioG↓,
Fas↑, by increasing the amounts of Fas receptor (death receptor)/FasL (Fas ligand), ROS, ATM, p53, Retinoblastoma protein (Rb), caspase-9,8,3, TNF-α, Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), BID
FasL↑,
ROS↑,
ATM↑,
P53↑,
RB1↑,
Casp9↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp3↓,
BAX↑,
Bcl-2↓, and declining Bcl2, Bcl-X, c-IAP1 (inhibitor of apoptosis protein), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and Survivin levels
Bcl-xL↓,
IAP1↓,
XIAP↓,
survivin↓,
MMP2↓, Furthermore, BBR suppressed Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 expression.
MMP9↓,
CycB/CCNB1↓, Inhibition of cyclin B1, cdc2, cdc25c
CDC25↓,
CDC25↓,
Cyt‑c↑, BBR inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration and induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) by: stimulating cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol
MMP↓, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and enabled cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol
RenoP↑, BBR significantly reduced the destructive effects of cisplatin on the kidney by inhibiting autophagy, and exerted nephroprotective effects.
mTOR↓, U87 cell, Inhibition of m-TOR signaling
MDM2↓, Downregulation of MDM2
LC3II↑, Increase of LC3-II and beclin-1
ERK↓, BBR stimulated AMPK signaling, resulting in reduced extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activity and COX-2 expression in B16F-10 lung melanoma cells
COX2↓,
MMP3↓, reducing MMP-3 in SGC7901 GC and AGS cells
TGF-β↓, BBR suppressed the invasion and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells by inhibiting TGF-β-related signaling molecules which induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) such as Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7),
EMT↑,
ROCK1↓, inhibiting metastasis-associated proteins such as ROCK1, FAK, Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA), NF-κB and u-PA, leading to in vitro inhibition of MMP-1 and MMP-13.
FAK↓,
RAS↓,
Rho↓,
NF-kB↓,
uPA↓,
MMP1↓,
MMP13↓,
ChemoSen↑, recent studies have indicated that it can be used in combination with chemotherapy agents

2773-

Bos,

Targeted inhibition of tumor proliferation, survival, and metastasis by pentacyclic triterpenoids: Potential role in prevention and therapy of cancer

Review,

Var,

Inflam↓, BA has been shown to be effective against chronic inflammation-driven diseases such as adjuvant or bovine serum albumin-induced arthritis, osteoarthritis, Crohnâs disease, ulcerative colitis, and ileitis, and galactosamine/endotoxin-induced hepa
TumCCA↑, BA induced apoptosis was mediated by cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and by activating caspases 3, 8 and 9 in HT-29 cells
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp9↑,
STAT3↑, BA inhibited the growth of multiple myeloma cells by suppression of STAT3 pathway and by activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP1
SHP1↓,
NF-kB↓, BA down regulated the expression of NF-kB, cyclin D1, COX2, Ki-67, CD-31 and IAPs in the tumor tissue.
cycD1/CCND1↓,
COX2↓,
Ki-67↓,
CD31↓,
IAP1↓,
MMPs↓, AKBA induced cell cycle arrest was mediated by down-regulating the expression of cyclinD1, suppresses MMP activity, and also induced apoptosis by suppressing Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL expression
Bcl-2↓,
Bcl-xL↓,

1169-

Bos,

Boswellic Acid Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Human Colorectal Cancer in Orthotopic Mouse Model By Downregulating Inflammatory, Proliferative, Invasive, and Angiogenic Biomarkers

in-vivo,

CRC,

50-200 mg/kg

mice

TumCG↓,
TumVol↓,
Weight∅, without significant decreases in body weight
ascitic↓,
TumMeta↓,
Ki-67↓,
CD31↓,
NF-kB↓,
COX2↓,
Bcl-2↓,
Bcl-xL↓,
IAP1↓,
survivin↓,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
ICAM-1↓,
MMP9↓,
CXCR4↓,
VEGF↓,

1422-

Bos,

Boswellic acid exerts antitumor effects in colorectal cancer cells by modulating expression of the let-7 and miR-200 microRNA family

in-vitro,

CRC,

20-40uM

in-vivo,

NA,

(0, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg/day for 28 days

mice

5LO↓, boswellic acids, is known to be a non-redox and non-competitive inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase
TumCG↓,
Let-7↑,
miR-200b↑, AKBA significantly up-regulated expression of the let-7 and miR-200 families in various CRC cell lines
NF-kB↓,
cMyc↓,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
MMP9↓,
CXCR4↓,
VEGF↓,
Bcl-xL↓,
survivin↓,
IAP1↓,
XIAP↓,
TumCG↓,
CDK6↓,
Vim↓,
E-cadherin↑,

1057-

EDM,

Evodiamine abolishes constitutive and inducible NF-kappaB activation by inhibiting IkappaBalpha kinase activation, thereby suppressing NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic and metastatic gene expression, up-regulating apoptosis, and inhibiting invasion

NF-kB↓, highly potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation
TNF-α↓,
COX2↓,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
cMyc↓,
MMP9↓,
ICAM-1↓,
MDR1↓,
XIAP↓,
Bcl-2↓,
Bcl-xL↓,
IAP1↓,
IAP2↓,
cFLIP↓,
Bfl-1↓,

2830-

FIS,

Biological effects and mechanisms of fisetin in cancer: a promising anti-cancer agent

Review,

Var,

TumCG↓, suppressing cell growth, triggering programmed cell death, reducing the formation of new blood vessels, protecting against oxidative stress, and inhibiting cell migration.
angioG↓,
*ROS↓,
TumCMig↓,
VEGF↓, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Nrf2/HO-1.
MAPK↑, including the activation of MAPK. activation of MAPK is crucial for mediating cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion
NF-kB↓, ability of fisetin to suppress NF-κB activity has been demonstrated in various diseases
PI3K↓, fisetin has been shown to inhibit the metastasis of PC3 prostate cancer cells by reducing the activity of the PI3K/AKT
Akt↓,
mTOR↓, Fisetin has been shown to be effective against PI3K expression, AKT phosphorylation, and mTOR activation in various cancer cells,
NRF2↑, effects of fisetin on the activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of HO-1 have been demonstrated in various diseases
HO-1↑,
ROS↓, Liver cancer Resist proliferation, migration and invasion, induce apoptosis, attenuate ROS and inflammation
Inflam↓,
ER Stress↑, Oral cancer Induce apoptosis and autophagy, promote ER stress and ROS, suppress proliferation
ROS↑, Multiple studies have demonstrated that fisetin has the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, and various mechanisms are involved, including the activation of MAPK, NF-κB, p53, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
TumCP↓,
ChemoSen↑, Breast cancer Promote apoptosis and invasion and metastasis, enhance chemotherapeutic effects
PTEN↑,
P53↑, activation of MAPK, NF-κB, p53,
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp9↑,
COX2↓, fisetin inhibits COX2 expression
Wnt↓, regulating a number of important angiogenesis-related factors in cancer cells, such as VEGF, MMP2/9, eNOS, wingless and Wnt-signaling.
EGFR↓,
Mcl-1↓,
survivin↓, fisetin interferes with NF-κB signaling, resulting in the reduction of survivin, TRAF1, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, and IAP1/2 levels, ultimately inhibiting apoptosis
IAP1↓,
IAP2↓,
PGE2↓, fisetin inhibits COX2 expression, leading to the down-regulation of PGE2 secretion and inactivation of β-catenin, thereby inducing apoptosis
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
DR5↑, fisetin markedly induces apoptosis in renal carcinoma through increased expression of DR5, which is regulated by p53.
MMP2↓, fisetin has been shown to inhibit the metastasis of PC3 prostate cancer cells by reducing the activity of the PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways, resulting in the suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression
MMP9↓,
FAK↓, fisetin can inhibit cell migration and reduce focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation levels
uPA↓, fisetin significantly suppresses the invasion of U-2 cells by decreasing the expression of NF-κB, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), FAK, and MMP-2/9
EMT↓, Fisetin has been shown to have the ability to reverse EMT, thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration of cancer cells
ERK↓, fisetin has the ability to suppress ERK1/2 activation and activate JNK/p38 pathways
JNK↑,
p38↑,
PKCδ↓, fisetin reduces the expression of MMP-9 by inhibiting PKCα/ROS/ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation
BioAv↓, low water solubility of fisetin poses a significant challenge for its administration, which can limit its biological effects
BioAv↑, Compared to free fisetin, fisetin nanoemulsion has demonstrated a 3.9-fold increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of apoptosis, highlighting its enhanced efficacy
BioAv↑, Liposomal encapsulation has shown potential in enhancing the anticancer therapeutic effects of fisetin

5150-

GamB,

Gambogic acid, a novel ligand for transferrin receptor, potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis through modulation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway

in-vitro,

CLL,

KBM-5

in-vitro,

Nor,

HEK293

Apoptosis↑, Treatment of cells with GA enhanced apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and chemotherapeutic agents,
ChemoSen↑,
IAP1↓, inhibited the expression of gene products involved in antiapoptosis (IAP1 and IAP2, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and TRAF1), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), invasion (COX-2 and MMP-9), and angiogenesis (VEGF)
IAP2↓,
Bcl-2↓,
Bcl-xL↓,
TRAF1↓,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
cMyc↓,
COX2↓,
MMP9↓,
angioG↓,
VEGF↓,
NF-kB↓, GA inhibited TNF-mediated NF-κB activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner
eff↓, Down-regulation of TfR1 reverses the effect of GA

93-

QC,

Chemical Proteomics Identifies Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 as the Molecular Target of Quercetin in Its Anti-cancer Effects in PC-3 Cells

in-vitro,

Pca,

PC3

 30 nM: 25, 50, 75, 100 uM

hnRNPA1↓, We found that quercetin bound the C-terminal region of hnRNPA1, impairing the ability of hnRNPA1 to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm and ultimately resulting in its cytoplasmic retention.
Casp3↑, activated caspase-3/7
Casp7↑,
TumCD↑, quercetin induced cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
IAP1↓, We found quercetin mediated cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNPA1, resulting in decreased cIAP1 protein levels.

1746-

RosA,

Rosmarinic acid sensitizes cell death through suppression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and ROS generation in human leukemia U937 cells

in-vitro,

AML,

U937

TNF-α↓, Rosmarinic acid (RA), a naturally occurring polyphenol flavonoid, has been reported to inhibit TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in human dermal fibroblasts.
ROS↓, RA treatment significantly sensitizes TNF-α-induced apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through the suppression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Casp↑, Activation of caspases in response to TNF-α was markedly increased by RA treatment
NF-kB↓, RA also suppressed NF-κB activation through inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and nuclear translocation of p50 and p65
IκB↓,
p50↓,
p65↓,
IAP1↓, This inhibition was correlated with suppression of NF-κB-dependent anti-apoptotic proteins (IAP-1, IAP-2, and XIAP)
IAP2↓,
XIAP↓,
Apoptosis↑, These results demonstrated that RA inhibits TNF-α-induced ROS generation and NF-κB activation, and enhances TNF-α-induced apoptosis.

3009-

RosA,

Rosmarinic acid sensitizes cell death through suppression of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and ROS generation in human leukemia U937 cells

in-vitro,

AML,

U937

TNF-α↓, Rosmarinic acid (RA), a naturally occurring polyphenol flavonoid, has been reported to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in human dermal fibroblasts
NF-kB↓, RA treatment significantly sensitizes TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through the suppression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
ROS↓,
IAP1↓, This inhibition was correlated with suppression of NF-kappaB-dependent anti-apoptotic proteins (IAP-1, IAP-2, and XIAP).
IAP2↓,
XIAP↓,

3192-

SFN,

Transcriptome analysis reveals a dynamic and differential transcriptional response to sulforaphane in normal and prostate cancer cells and suggests a role for Sp1 in chemoprevention

in-vitro,

Pca,

PC3

15 μM SFN

Sp1/3/4↓, Sp1 protein was significantly decreased by SFN treatment in prostate cancer cells . Because SFN decreased the expression of Sp1, and to a lesser extent Sp3
selectivity↑, SFN alters gene expression differentially in normal and cancer cells with key targets in chemopreventive processes, making it a promising dietary anti-cancer agent.
NRF2↑, through the induction of phase 2 enzymes via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling
HDAC↓, SFN also inhibits the activity and/or expression of genes that regulate epigenetic mechanisms including histone deactylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in cancer cells
DNMTs↓,
TumCCA↑, 15 μM SFN treatment induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and only modestly increases apoptosis
selectivity↑, Normal prostate epithelial cells (PREC) do not undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to this SFN treatment
HO-1↑, In all cell lines and time points, HO1 and NQO1 were identified as significantly upregulated by SFN
NQO1↑,
CDK2↓, MX non-receptor tyrosine kinase (BMX), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) had decreased expression with SFN treatment
TumCP↓, suppression of Sp1 expression decreased prostate cancer cells proliferation.
BID↑, SFN treatment produced a significant increase in the expression of the apoptosis related genes Bid, Smac/Diablo, and ICAD only in PC-3 cells (
Smad1↑,
Diablo↑,
ICAD↑,
Cyt‑c↑, It also increased the expression of cytochrome c, c-IAP1, and HSP27 in PC-3 cells while it decreased expression in PREC cells.
IAP1↑,
HSP27↑,
*Cyt‑c↓,
*IAP1↓,
*HSP27↓,
survivin↓, In these studies, inhibition of Sp1 is associated with inhibition of the cancer promoting genes survivin, CDK4, VEGF and the androgen receptor.
CDK4↓,
VEGF↓,
AR↓,

1508-

SFN,

Nrf2 targeting by sulforaphane: A potential therapy for cancer treatment

Review,

Var,

*BioAv↑, RAW: higher amounts were detected when broccoli were eaten raw (bioavailability equal to 37%), compared to the cooked broccoli (bioavailability 3.4%)
HDAC↓, Sulforaphane is able to down-regulate HDAC activity and induce histone hyper-acetylation in tumor cell
TumCCA↓, Sulforaphane induces cell cycle arrest in G1, S and G2/M phases,
eff↓, in leukemia stem cells, sulforaphane potentiates imatinib effect through inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin functions
Wnt↓,
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
Casp12?, inducing caspases activation
Bcl-2↓,
cl‑PARP↑,
Bax:Bcl2↑, unbalancing the ratio Bax/Bcl-2
IAP1↓, down-regulating IAP family proteins
Casp3↑,
Casp9↑,
Telomerase↓, In Hep3B cells, sulforaphane reduces telomerase activity
hTERT/TERT↓, inhibition of hTERT expression;
ROS?, increment of ROS, induced by this compound, is essential for the downregulation of transcription and of post-translational modification of hTERT in suppression of telomerase activity
DNMTs↓, (2.5 - 10 μM) represses hTERT by impacting epigenetic pathways, in particular through decreased DNA methyltransferases activity (DNMTs)
angioG↓, inhibit tumor development through regulation of angiogenesis
VEGF↓,
Hif1a↓,
cMYB↓,
MMP1↓, inhibition of migration and invasion activities induced by sulforaphane in oral carcinoma cell lines has been associated to the inhibition of MMP-1 and MMP-2
MMP2↓,
MMP9↓,
ERK↑, inhibits invasion by activating ERK1/2, with consequent upregulation of E-cadherin (an invasion inhibitor)
E-cadherin↑,
CD44↓, downregulation of CD44v6 and MMP-2 (invasion promoters)
MMP2↓,
eff↑, ombination of sulforaphane and quercetin synergistically reduces the proliferation and migration of melanoma (B16F10) cells
IL2↑, induces upregulation of IL-2 and IFN-γ
IFN-γ↑,
IL1β↓, downregulation of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-α, and GM-CSF
IL6↓,
TNF-α↓,
NF-kB↓, sulforaphane inhibits the phorbol ester induction of NF-κB, inhibiting two pathways, ERK1/2 and NF-κB
ERK↓,
NRF2↑, At molecular level, sulforaphane modulates cellular homeostasis via the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2.
RadioS↑, sulforaphane could be used as a radio-sensitizing agent in prostate cancer if clinical trials will confirm the pre-clinical results.
ChemoSideEff↓, chemopreventive effects of sulforaphane

2084-

TQ,

Thymoquinone, as an anticancer molecule: from basic research to clinical investigation

Review,

Var,

*ROS↓, An interesting study reported that thymoquinone is actually a potent apoptosis inducer in cancer cells, but it exerts antiapoptotic effect through attenuating oxidative stress in other types of cell injury
*chemoPv↑, antioxidant activity of thymoquinone is responsible for its chemopreventive activities
ROS↑, other studies reported thymoquinone induce apoptosis in cancer cells by exerting oxidative damage
ROS⇅, Another hypothesis states that thymoquinone acts as an antioxidant at lower concentrations and a prooxidant at higher concentrations
MUC4↓, Torres et al. [17] revealed that thymoquinone down-regulates glycoprotein mucin 4 (MUC4)
selectivity↑, thymoquinone was found to inhibit DNA synthesis, proliferation, and viability of cancerous cells, such as LNCaP, C4-B, DU145, and PC-3, but not noncancerous BPH-1 prostate epithelial cells [20].
AR↓, Down-regulation of androgen receptor (AR) and cell proliferation regulator E2F-1 was indicated as the mechanism behind thymoquinone’s action in prostate cancer
cycD1/CCND1↓, expression of STAT3-regulated gene products, such as cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, Mcl-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was inhibited by thymoquinone, which ultimately increased apoptosis and killed cancer cells
Bcl-2↓,
Bcl-xL↓,
survivin↓,
Mcl-1↓,
VEGF↓,
cl‑PARP↑, induction of the cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP
ROS↑, In ALL cell line CEM-ss, thymoquinone treatment generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and HSP70
HSP70/HSPA5↑,
P53↑, thymoquinone can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via the up-regulation of p53 expression
miR-34a↑, Thymoquinone significantly increased the expression of miR-34a via p53, and down-regulated Rac1 expression
Rac1↓,
TumCCA↑, In hepatic carcinoma, thymoquinone induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by repressing the Notch signaling pathway
NOTCH↓,
NF-kB↓, Evidence revealed that thymoquinone suppresses tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)-induced NF-kappa B (NF-κB) activation
IκB↓, consequently inhibits the activation of I kappa B alpha (I-κBα) kinase, I-κBα phosphorylation, I-κBα degradation, p65 phosphorylation
p‑p65↓,
IAP1↓, down-regulated the expression of NF-κB -regulated antiapoptotic gene products, like IAP1, IAP2, XIAP Bcl-2, Bcl-xL;
IAP2↑,
XIAP↓,
TNF-α↓, It also inhibited monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and COX-2, ultimately reducing the NF-κB activation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
COX2↓,
Inflam↓, indicating its role as an inhibitor of proinflammatory pathways
α-tubulin↓, Without affecting the tubulin levels in normal human fibroblast, thymoquinone induces degradation of α and β tubulin proteins in human astrocytoma U87 cells and in T lymphoblastic leukaemia Jurkat cells, and thus exerts anticancer activity
Twist↓, thymoquinone treatment inhibits TWIST1 promoter activity and decreases its expression in breast cancer cell lines; leading to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
EMT↓,
mTOR↓, thymoquinone also attenuated mTOR activity, and inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling in bladder cancer
PI3K↓,
Akt↓,
BioAv↓, Thymoquinone is chemically hydrophobic, which causes its poor solubility, and thus bioavailability. bioavailability of thymoquinone was reported ~58% with a lag time of ~23 min
ChemoSen↑, Some studies revealed that thymoquinone in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs can show better anticancer activities
BioAv↑, Thymoquinone-loaded liposomes (TQ-LP) and thymoquinone loaded in liposomes modified with Triton X-100 (XLP) with diameters of about 100 nm were found to maintain stability, improve bioavailability and maintain thymoquinone’s anticancer activity
PTEN↑, Thymoquinone also induces apoptosis by up-regulating PTEN
chemoPv↑, A recent study showed that thymoquinone can potentiate the chemopreventive effect of vitamin D during the initiation phase of colon cancer in rat model
RadioS↑, thymoquinone also mediates radiosensitization and cancer chemo-radiotherapy
*Half-Life↝, Thymoquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (TQ-NLC) has been developed to improve its bioavailability (elimination half-life ~5 hours)
*BioAv↝, calculated absolute bioavailability of thymoquinone was reported ~58% with a lag time of ~23 min by Alkharfy et al.

2085-

TQ,

Anticancer Activities of Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin)

Review,

Var,

MMP↓, TQ induces apoptosis, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and triggers the activation of caspases 8, 9 and 3 in HL-60 cells.
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp9↓,
cl‑PARP↑, PARP cleavage and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm.
Cyt‑c↑,
Bax:Bcl2↑, marked increase in Bax/Bcl2 ratios
NF-kB↓, TQ also down-regulates the expression of NF-kappa B-regulated antiapoptotic (IAP1, IAP2, XIAP Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and survivin) gene products
IAP1↓,
IAP2↓,
XIAP↓,
Bcl-xL↓,
survivin↓,
cJun↑, TQ inducing apoptosis by the activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in pancreatic cancer cell.
p38↑,
Akt↑, TQ effectively inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration, invasion, and tube formation by suppressing the activation of AKT
chemoP↑, TQ can lower the toxicity of other anticancer drugs (for example, cyclophosphamide) by an up-regulation of antioxidant mechanisms, indicating a potential clinical application for these agents to minimize the toxic effects of treatment with anticancer
*radioP↑, Cemek et al. (2006) showed that N. sativa and glutathione treatment significantly antagonize the effects of radiation. Therefore, N. sativa may be a beneficial agent in protection against ionizing radiation-related tissue injury.

2095-

TQ,

Review on the Potential Therapeutic Roles of Nigella sativa in the Treatment of Patients with Cancer: Involvement of Apoptosis

Review,

Var,

TumCCA↑, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, ROS generation
Apoptosis↑,
ROS↑,
Cyt‑c↑, release of mitochondrial cytochrome C, an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activations of caspases-3, -9 and -8, cleavage of PARP
Bax:Bcl2↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp9↑,
cl‑PARP↑,
P53↑, increased expressions of p53 and p21,
P21↑,
cMyc↓, decreased expressions of oncoproteins (c-Myc), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK-4).
hTERT/TERT↓,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
CDK4↓,
NF-kB↓, inhibited NF-κB activation
IAP1↓, (IAP1, IAP2, XIAP Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and survivin), proliferative (cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase-2, and c-Myc), and angiogenic (matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor)
IAP2↓,
XIAP↓,
Bcl-xL↓,
survivin↓,
COX2↓,
MMP9↓,
VEGF↓,
eff↑, combination of TQ and cisplatin in the treatment of lung cancer in a mouse xenograft model showed that TQ was able to inhibit cell proliferation (nearly 90%), reduce cell viability, induce apoptosis, and reduce tumor volume and tumor weight

2100-

TQ,

Dual properties of Nigella Sative: Anti-oxidant and Pro-oxidant

Review,

NA,

ROS⇅, Pubmed data indicated that NS has both anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant properties in different cell types
*antiOx↑, NS acts as an anti-oxidant by scavenging ROS [4]. It can ameliorate ischemic reperfusion injury conditions and attenuated ROS in heart [5] intestine [6] and kidney [7]
*SOD↑, improved the activities of various enzymes like superoxide dismutase [SOD] and myeloperoxidase (MPO)
*MPO↑,
*neuroP↑, NS oil has been found to be neuroprotective against oxidative stress in epileptogenesis, pilocarpine-induced seizures [25] and opioid tolerance
*chemoP↑, Anticancer drugs leave toxic effect due to over-production of ROS. NS oil or TQ can potentially up-regulate anti-oxidant mechanisms caused by anticancer drug
*radioP↑, NS seed extracts can protect normal tissue from oxidative damage during radiotherapy of cancer patients [35,36]
NF-kB↓, TQ has been shown to exhibit down regulation of NF-κB expression in lung cancer cells
IAP1↓, Anti-apoptotic (IAP1, IAP2, XIAP Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin), proliferative (cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase-2, and c-Myc) and angiogenic genes (matrix metalloproteinase-9 orMMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were down-regulated
IAP2↓,
XIAP↓,
Bcl-xL↓,
survivin↓,
COX2↓,
MMP9↓,
VEGF↓,
ROS↑, TQ causes release of ROS in ABC cells which in turn inhibits NF-κB activity
P21↑, TQ up regulated the expression of p21 and down regulated the histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and induced histone hyperacetylation causing induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in pancreatic cancer cell
HDAC↓,
GSH↓, TQ was found to decrease glutathione (GSH) levels in prostate cancer cells resulting in up-regulated expression of GADD45 alpha (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene) and AIF
GADD45A↑,
AIF↑,
STAT3↓, TQ suppressed the STAT 3; the signal transducer and activator of transcription which is involved in the abnormal transformation of a number of human malignancies [53].

2108-

TQ,

Anti-cancer properties and mechanisms of action of thymoquinone, the major active ingredient of Nigella sativa

Review,

Var,

HDAC↓, Intraperitoneal injection of TQ (10 mg/kg) for 18 days was associated with significant 39% inhibition of LNM35 xenograft tumor growth, with a significant increase in caspase-3 activity and a significant decrease in histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2)
TumCCA↑, TQ treatment caused a G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest due to decreased cyclin D1 level and increased expression of p16, a CDK inhibitor (Gali-Muhtasib et al., 2004b)
cycD1/CCND1↓,
p16↑,
P53↑, increased expression of p53,
Bax:Bcl2↑, TQ significantly induced apoptosis in both cell lines by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreasing Bcl-xL
Bcl-xL↓,
NF-kB↓, 25 mM TQ was accompanied by down-regulated expression of NF-kB-targeted anti-apoptotic factors (IAP1, IAP2, XIAP Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and survivin)
IAP1↓,
IAP2↓,
XIAP↓,
survivin↓,
COX2↓, and proliferative factors (cyclin D1, COX-2, and c-Myc) due to suppressed NF-kB signaling
cMyc↓,
ROS↑, TQ-induced oxidative damage,
Casp3↑, TQ-induced activation of caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm
cl‑PARP↑,
Cyt‑c↑,
STAT3↓, TQ (5-20 uM) significantly suppressed the constitutive as well as IL-6-induced STAT3, but not STAT5, activation in U266 cells and RPMI-8226 cells

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 19 of 19

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 19

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2, Catalase↑, 1, GPx↑, 1, MPO↑, 1, ROS↓, 4, ROS∅, 1, SOD↑, 1, SOD2↑, 1,

Cell Death ⓘ

Cyt‑c↓, 1, IAP1↓, 1,

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

HSP27↓, 1,

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1, BioAv↝, 1, Half-Life↝, 1,

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoP↑, 1, chemoPv↑, 1, neuroP↑, 1, radioP↑, 2,
Total Targets: 18

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: IAP1, cIAP1, cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1

5 Thymoquinone
3 Boswellia (frankincense)
2 Rosmarinic acid
2 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Baicalein
1 Berberine
1 Evodiamine
1 Fisetin
1 Gambogic Acid
1 Quercetin

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:979  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

IAP1 Cancer Research Results

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

Cell Death ⓘ

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

Migration ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Cell Death ⓘ

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

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