Silver-NanoParticles / Apoptosis Cancer Research Results

AgNPs, Silver-NanoParticles: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Silver NanoParticles (AgNPs)
Summary:
1.Smaller sizes are generally more bioactive due to increased surface area and enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
2.Two relevant forms: particulate silver (AgNPs) and ionic silver (Ag⁺). There is debate regarding oral use, as Ag⁺ can precipitate as AgCl in gastric acid, reducing bioavailability; AgNPs may partially avoid this via particulate uptake and intracellular Ag⁺ release. Gastric pH may influence this equilibrium.
3. Dose example 80kg person: 1.12-2mg/day, which can be calculated based on ppm and volume taken (see below) target < 10ppm and 120mL per day (30ppm and 1L per day caused argyria 30mg/day ) (Case Report: 9‐15 ppm@120mL, i.e. 1.1mg/L to 1.8mg/L per day)
Likely 10ppm --> 10mg/L, hence if take 100mL, then 1mg/day? (for Cancer)
The current Rfd for oral silver exposure is 5 ug/kg/d with a critical dose estimated at 14 ug/kg/d for the average person.
Seems like the Cancer target range is 14ug/kg/day to 25ug/kg/day. 80Kg example: 1.12mg to 2mg “1.4µg/kg body weight. If I would have 70kg, I would want to use 100µg/day. However, for fighting active disease, I would tend to explore higher daily dose, as I think this may be too low.”
These values reflect experimental or anecdotal contexts and are not established safe or therapeutic doses.
4. Antioxidants such as NAC can counteract AgNP cytotoxicity by restoring glutathione pools and suppressing ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage.
5. In vitro studies commonly show ROS elevation in both cancer and normal cells; however, in vivo, superior antioxidant, NRF2, and repair capacity in normal tissues may confer selectivity.
6. Pathways/mechanisms of action/:
-” intracellular ROS was increased...reduction in levels of glutathione (GSH)”
- Normal-cell selectivity is partly mediated by NRF2-dependent antioxidant and detoxification responses.
- AgNPs impair mitochondrial electron transport, increasing electron leak and amplifying ROS upstream of ΔΨm collapse.
-AgNPs inhibit VEGF-driven endothelial signaling and permeability (anti-angiogenic effect)
-”upregulation of proapoptotic genes (p53, p21, Bax, and caspases) and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2)”
-” upregulation of AMPK and downregulation of mTOR, MMP-9, BCL-2, and α-SMA”
-”p53 is a key player...proapoptotic genes p53 and Bax were significantly increased... noticeable reduction in Bcl-2 transcript levels”
-” p53 participates directly in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by regulating the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization”
- “Proapoptotic markers (BAX/BCL-XL, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, p21, and caspases 3, 8 and 9) increased.”
-”The antiapoptotic markers, AKT and NF-kB, decreased in AgNP-treated cells.”

Chronic accumulation and long-term systemic effects remain insufficiently characterized.

Silver NanoParticles and Magnetic Fields
Summary:
1. “exposure to PMF increased the ability of AgNPs uptake”
2. 6x improvement from AgNPs alone

could glucose capping of SilverNPs work as trojan horse?

Sodium selenite might protect against toxicity of AgNPs in normal cells.

-uncoated AgNPs can degrade the gut microbiome. PVP, citrate, green-synthesized, chitosan coating, may reduce the effect.
Similar oxidative considerations may apply to selenium compounds, though mechanisms differ.
co-ingestion with food (higher pH) favors reduction and lower Ag+ levels.
-action mechanisms of AgNPs: the release of silver ions (Ag+), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), destruction of membrane structure.

AgNP anticancer effects come from three overlapping mechanisms:
-Nanoparticle–cell interaction (uptake, membrane effects)
-Intracellular ROS generation
-Controlled Ag⁺ release inside cancer cells

Comparison adding Citrate Capping
| Property              | Uncapped AgNPs | Citrate-capped AgNPs |
| --------------------- | -------------- | -------------------- |
| Stability             | Poor           | Excellent            |
| Free Ag⁺              | High           | Low                  |
| Normal cell toxicity  | Higher         | Lower                |
| Cancer selectivity    | Lower          | **Higher**           |
| Mechanism specificity | Crude          | **Targeted**         |
| Storage behavior      | Degrades       | Stable               |

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 Oxidative stress / ROS generation ↑ ROS (sustained) ↑ transient ROS → ↓ net ROS after adaptation Upstream cytotoxic trigger AgNP exposure commonly elevates ROS in cancer cells, initiating downstream stress-death programs (ref)
2 Thiol buffering (GSH pool) ↓ GSH (depletion) ↔ or transient ↓ with recovery Loss of redox buffering Colon cancer model: AgNPs induce oxidative cell damage through inhibition/depletion of reduced glutathione with downstream mitochondrial apoptosis (ref)
3 Mitochondrial ETC / respiration ↓ ETC efficiency; ↑ electron leak ↔ mild inhibition with recovery Bioenergetic destabilization ETC impairment amplifies ROS, precedes ΔΨm loss, and contributes to ATP collapse in cancer cells
4 Mitochondrial integrity (ΔΨm / MMP) ↓ ΔΨm ↔ largely preserved Mitochondrial dysfunction Breast cancer model: AgNP exposure dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential during cytotoxic progression (ref)
5 Intrinsic apoptosis (caspase cascade) ↑ caspase-dependent apoptosis ↔ minimal activation Programmed cell death Colon cancer model: “silver-based nanoparticles” induce apoptosis mediated through p53 (apoptosis direction shown) (ref)
6 Genotoxic stress / DNA damage ↑ DNA damage ↑ damage at high dose with efficient repair Checkpoint/death signaling Study documents AgNP-mediated DNA damage; susceptibility increases with impaired DNA repair capacity (ref)
7 ER stress / UPR (CHOP-dependent) ↑ ER stress → apoptosis ↑ adaptive UPR (no CHOP) Proteotoxic stress signaling Breast cancer cells: AgNPs induce “irremediable” ER stress leading to UPR-dependent apoptosis (ref)
8 Autophagy program ↑ autophagy (protective) ↑ adaptive autophagy Stress adaptation AgNPs induce autophagy in cancer cells; inhibiting autophagy enhances AgNP anticancer killing (ref)
9 Autophagic flux / lysosomal function ↓ flux (lysosomal defect) ↔ preserved flux Autophagic failure AgNP-induced lysosomal dysfunction drives autophagic flux defects (LC3-II accumulation) (ref)
10 NRF2 antioxidant response ↔ insufficient activation ↑ NRF2 activation Adaptive redox defense NRF2 activation in normal cells restores GSH and antioxidant enzymes, limiting toxicity
11 Stress MAPK (p38) / checkpoint signaling ↑ p38 → arrest/apoptosis ↑ transient p38 → recovery Stress signaling Jurkat T-cell model shows p38 MAPK activation with DNA damage and apoptosis (ref)
12 Angiogenesis / invasion (VEGF, NF-κB-linked) ↓ angiogenesis / ↓ invasion ↔ minimal effect Anti-angiogenic / anti-invasive AgNPs inhibit VEGF-induced permeability and invasion in tumor models (ref)


Apoptosis, Apoptosis: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: type of cell death
Situation in which a cell actively pursues a course toward death upon receiving certain stimuli.
Cancer is one of the scenarios where too little apoptosis occurs, resulting in malignant cells that will not die.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4564- AgNPs,  GoldNP,  Cu,  Chemo,  PDT  Cytotoxicity and targeted drug delivery of green synthesized metallic nanoparticles against oral Cancer: A review
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, eff↑, Apoptosis↑, eff↓, ChemoSen↑,
4563- AgNPs,  Rad,    Silver nanoparticles enhance neutron radiation sensitivity in cancer cells: An in vitro study
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3 - in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, Melanoma, A431
RadioS↑, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑,
4561- AgNPs,  VitC,    Cellular Effects Nanosilver on Cancer and Non-cancer Cells: Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
NRF2↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, selectivity↑, *AntiViral↑, *toxicity↝, ETC↓, MMP↓, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, lipid-P↑, other↝, UPR↑, *GRP78/BiP↑, *p‑PERK↑, *cl‑eIF2α↑, *CHOP↑, *JNK↑, Hif1a↓, AntiCan↑, *toxicity↓, eff↑,
4559- AgNPs,    Anticancer activity of biogenerated silver nanoparticles: an integrated proteomic investigation
- in-vitro, BC, SkBr3 - in-vitro, CRC, HT-29 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Colon, Caco-2
MMP2↓, MMP9↓, ROS↑, TumAuto↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑,
4555- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles from Dendropanax morbifera Léveille inhibit cell migration, induce apoptosis, and increase generation of reactive oxygen species in A549 lung cancer cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
*Bacteria↓, tumCV↓, selectivity↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, AntiCan↑,
4552- AgNPs,  ART/DHA,    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Artemisia turcomanica leaf extract and the study of anti-cancer effect and apoptosis induction on gastric cancer cell line (AGS)
- in-vitro, GC, AGS
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, eff↑,
5142- AgNPs,    Biosynthesized Protein-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Induce ROS-Dependent Proapoptotic Signals and Prosurvival Autophagy in Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HUH7
ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, EPR↑, Casp↑, MAPK↑,
5239- AgNPs,    NOX4- and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress induced by silver nanoparticles in vascular endothelial cells
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*ROS↑, *Apoptosis↑, *NRF2↝,
5145- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles induce irremediable endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to unfolded protein response dependent apoptosis in breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, T47D
Bacteria↓, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑, UPR↑, PERK↑, IRE1↑, ATF6↑, ATF4↑, CHOP↑, Casp9↑, Casp7↑, Mcl-1↓, XIAP↓, PARP↝, selectivity↑,
5143- AgNPs,    Thermal Co-reduction engineered silver nanoparticles induce oxidative cell damage in human colon cancer cells through inhibition of reduced glutathione and induction of mitochondria-involved apoptosis
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
ROS↑, lipid-P↑, GSH↓, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑,
4398- AgNPs,    Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells at low silver nanoparticle concentrations using chitosan nanocarrier
- in-vitro, Colon, HT29
Apoptosis↑, MMP↓, Casp3↑, ROS↑, eff↑,
4411- AgNPs,    Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Anemone coronaria bulb extract and their potent anticancer and antibacterial activities
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, PC, MIA PaCa-2 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
AntiCan↑, selectivity↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, Bacteria↓, tumCV↓, selectivity↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑,
4417- AgNPs,    Caffeine-boosted silver nanoparticles target breast cancer cells by triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic pathways
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
ROS↑, MDA↑, COX2↑, IL1β↑, TNF-α↑, GSH↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, LDH↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, TumCCA↑, mt-Apoptosis↑,
4416- AgNPs,    Efficacy of curcumin-synthesized silver nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, BAX↑, P53↑, Bcl-2↓,
4414- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles: Forging a new frontline in lung cancer therapy
- Review, Lung, NA
tumCV↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, angioG↓,
4406- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles achieve cytotoxicity against breast cancer by regulating long-chain noncoding RNA XLOC_006390-mediated pathway
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, T47D - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCD↑, other↓, P53↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ChemoSen↑, tumCV↓, γH2AX↑, SOX4↓,
4405- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles defeat p53-positive and p53-negative osteosarcoma cells by triggering mitochondrial stress and apoptosis
- in-vitro, OS, NA
Apoptosis↑, other↑, ROS↑, eff↑, P53↝, Apoptosis↑, cl‑Casp3↑, survivin↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑,
4403- AgNPs,    Silver Nanoparticles Decorated UiO-66-NH2 Metal-Organic Framework for Combination Therapy in Cancer Treatment
- in-vitro, GBM, U251 - in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, GL26 - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, CRC, RKO
AntiCan↑, eff↑, EPR↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, Casp↑, Apoptosis↑, DNAdam↑, tumCV↓, eff↑,
4551- AgNPs,  Fenb,    Ångstrom-Scale Silver Particles as a Promising Agent for Low-Toxicity Broad-Spectrum Potent Anticancer Therapy
- in-vivo, Lung, NA
eff↑, eff↑, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↓, TumCG↓,
4542- AgNPs,    Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs): Comprehensive Insights into Bio/Synthesis, Key Influencing Factors, Multifaceted Applications, and Toxicity─A 2024 Update
- Review, NA, NA
AntiCan↑, DNAdam↑, ATP↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↓, TumCCA↑, *Bacteria↓, *BMD↑,
4546- AgNPs,    Chapter 2 - Silver nanoparticles in cancer therapy
- Study, Var, NA
AntiTum↑, Apoptosis↑,
4439- AgNPs,    Anticancer Potential of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Nepeta deflersiana against Human Cervical Cancer Cells (HeLA)
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
ROS↑, lipid-P↑, MMP↓, GSH↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Necroptosis↑, TumCD↑, Dose↝,
4438- AgNPs,  ART/DHA,    Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia oliveriana extract and their biological activities for an effective treatment of lung cancer
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
EPR↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑,
4436- AgNPs,    Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Enhancers of Everolimus and Radiotherapy Sensitivity on Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
- in-vitro, Kidney, 786-O
ROS↑, MMP↑, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, RadioS↑,
4435- AgNPs,  Gluc,    Glucose-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles as a Potential New Therapy Agent Targeting Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, DU145
selectivity↑, ROS↑, mtDam↑, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, MMP↓,
4432- AgNPs,    Emerging nanostructure-based strategies for breast cancer therapy: innovations, challenges, and future directions
- Review, NA, NA
ROS↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑,
4428- AgNPs,    p38 MAPK Activation, DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis As Mechanisms of Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Jurkat T Cells
- in-vitro, AML, Jurkat
toxicity↝, tumCV↓, ROS↑, p38↑, NRF2↓, NF-kB↝, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑,
2288- AgNPs,    Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Cellular Responses in Various Cell Lines: An in Vitro Model
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↑, Akt↓, ERK↓, DNAdam↑, Ca+2↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, p‑ERK↑, ER Stress↑, cl‑ATF6↑, GRP78/BiP↑, CHOP↑, UPR↑,
400- AgNPs,  MF,    Polyvinyl Alcohol Capped Silver Nanostructures for Fortified Apoptotic Potential Against Human Laryngeal Carcinoma Cells Hep-2 Using Extremely-Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field
- in-vitro, Laryn, HEp2
TumCP↓, Casp3↑, P53↑, Beclin-1↑, TumAuto↑, GSR↑, ROS↑, MDA↑, ROS↑, SIRT1↑, Ca+2↑, Endon↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓,
4388- AgNPs,    Differential Cytotoxic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, NA
tumCV↓, CSCs↓, selectivity↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, LDH↓, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, cMyc↑, MMP↓,
4383- AgNPs,    Exploring the Potentials of Silver Nanoparticles in Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Insights from Proteomic and Xenograft Mice Studies
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vivo, Lung, A549
Apoptosis↑, VEGF↓, P53↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, AntiTum↑, eff↑, ATP↓, eff↑, CTR1↑,
4377- AgNPs,    Interaction between silver nanoparticles of 20 nm (AgNP20 ) and human neutrophils: induction of apoptosis and inhibition of de novo protein synthesis by AgNP20 aggregates
- in-vitro, NA, NA
eff↑, Apoptosis↑,
4391- AgNPs,    Silver Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells through Particle-Specific Effects on Mitochondria
- NA, Liver, HepG2
Apoptosis↑,
4394- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles provoke apoptosis of Dalton's ascites lymphoma in vivo by mitochondria dependent and independent pathways
- in-vivo, lymphoma, NA
OS↑, TumVol↓, Weight↑, AntiTum↑, Apoptosis↑, mtDam↑,
4370- AgNPs,    Effect of silver nanoparticles in the induction of apoptosis on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
tumCV↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑,
4371- AgNPs,    Effects of Green Silver Nanoparticles on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Normal and Cancerous Human Hepatic Cells in vitro
- in-vitro, Liver, HUH7
ROS↑, selectivity↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, GSH↓, lipid-P↑, MMP↓, DNAdam↑,
4375- AgNPs,    The cellular uptake and cytotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles on chronic myeloid leukemia cells
- in-vitro, AML, K562
eff↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, eff↓,
336- AgNPs,  PDT,    Photodynamic ability of silver nanoparticles in inducing cytotoxic effects in breast and lung cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
Apoptosis↑,
338- AgNPs,    Biogenic silver nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in bladder cancer
- vitro+vivo, Bladder, 5637
TumCD↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCP↓,
342- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles; a new hope in cancer therapy?
- Review, NA, NA
ROS↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, mtDam↑,
347- AgNPs,    The Role of Silver Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Are There Any Perspectives for the Future?
- Review, NA, NA
ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑,
348- AgNPs,    Induction of p53 mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by plant mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Bergenia ligulata (Whole plant)
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, P53↑, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑,
349- AgNPs,    Insight into the molecular mechanism, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities of phyto-reduced silver nanoparticles in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, CellMemb↑,
306- AgNPs,    Cancer Therapy by Silver Nanoparticles: Fiction or Reality?
- Analysis, NA, NA
EPR↝, ROS↑, IL1↑, IL8↑, ER Stress↑, MMP9↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, Hif1a↑, BBB↑, GutMicro↝, eff↑, eff↑, RadioS↑,
319- AgNPs,    Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling is involved in silver nanoparticles-induced apoptosis
Apoptosis↑, Ca+2↑, ER Stress↑, PERK↑, IRE1↑, cl‑ATF6↑,
353- AgNPs,    The mechanism of cell death induced by silver nanoparticles is distinct from silver cations
- in-vitro, BC, SUM159
lipid-P↑, H2O2↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑,
325- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles modulate ABC transporter activity and enhance chemotherapy in multidrug resistant cancer
Apoptosis↑, ABC↓,
326- AgNPs,  TSA,    Modulating chromatin structure and DNA accessibility by deacetylase inhibition enhances the anti-cancer activity of silver nanoparticles
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
Apoptosis↑, ChrMod↝, eff↑,
327- AgNPs,  MS-275,    Combination Effect of Silver Nanoparticles and Histone Deacetylases Inhibitor in Human Alveolar Basal Epithelial Cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, LDH↓, TNF-α↑, mtDam↑, TumAuto↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, DNAdam↑,
328- AgNPs,  Rad,    Silver nanoparticles outperform gold nanoparticles in radiosensitizing U251 cells in vitro and in an intracranial mouse model of glioma
- vitro+vivo, GBM, U251
Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 50 of 66
Page 1 of 2 Next

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 66

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH↓, 4,   GSR↑, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 5,   MDA↑, 2,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 32,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 2,   ETC↓, 1,   MMP↓, 12,   MMP↑, 1,   mtDam↑, 4,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

cMyc↑, 1,   LDH↓, 3,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 50,   mt-Apoptosis↑, 1,   Bak↑, 1,   BAX↑, 5,   Bcl-2↓, 2,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp3↑, 7,   cl‑Casp3↑, 2,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 4,   Endon↑, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   Necroptosis↑, 1,   p38↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 3,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

ChrMod↝, 1,   other↓, 1,   other↑, 1,   other↝, 1,   tumCV↓, 7,   tumCV↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   cl‑ATF6↑, 2,   CHOP↑, 2,   ER Stress↑, 7,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   IRE1↑, 2,   PERK↑, 2,   UPR↑, 3,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 4,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 13,   P53↓, 1,   P53↑, 5,   P53↝, 1,   PARP↝, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 16,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CSCs↓, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   p‑ERK↑, 1,   TumCG↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 3,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   MMP9↑, 1,   SOX4↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 3,   TumCP↓, 5,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   ATF4↑, 1,   EPR↑, 3,   EPR↝, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,   Hif1a↑, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,   CellMemb↑, 1,   CTR1↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↑, 1,   IL1↑, 1,   IL1β↑, 1,   IL8↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   NF-kB↝, 1,   TNF-α↑, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ABC↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 3,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↓, 2,   eff↑, 17,   RadioS↑, 3,   selectivity↓, 1,   selectivity↑, 9,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

GutMicro↝, 1,   LDH↓, 3,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 6,   AntiTum↑, 3,   OS↑, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 108

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

NRF2↝, 1,   ROS↑, 2,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 1,   JNK↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   cl‑eIF2α↑, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   p‑PERK↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BMD↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

AntiViral↑, 1,   Bacteria↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 13

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Apoptosis, Apoptosis
66 Silver-NanoParticles
3 Radiotherapy/Radiation
2 Gold NanoParticles
2 Photodynamic Therapy
2 Artemisinin
2 Magnetic Fields
2 Graviola
1 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
1 Chemotherapy
1 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
1 Fenbendazole
1 Glucose
1 Trichostatin A
1 entinostat
1 salinomycin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:153  Target#:14  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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