Kaempferol / AntiBio Cancer Research Results

KAE, Kaempferol: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:

Kaempferol — a naturally occurring dietary flavonol polyphenol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) found in vegetables, fruits, tea, legumes, and medicinal plants, where it commonly occurs as glycosides rather than free aglycone. It is classified as a bioactive dietary flavonoid/flavonol and experimental natural-product therapeutic; common abbreviations include KMP, KPF, KF, and KAE. Major food sources include kale and other leafy vegetables, tea, broccoli, beans, onions, capers, and some fruits. Kaempferol is a multi-target compound with substantial preclinical anticancer and neuroprotective evidence, but it is not an approved anticancer or Alzheimer’s disease drug.

Primary mechanisms (ranked):

  1. PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition → suppression of proliferation and survival signaling, with induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
  2. Mitochondrial and death-receptor apoptosis → ↑ Bax/Bad/Bik, ↓ Bcl-2/Bcl-xL, ↑ mitochondrial permeability and cytochrome-c release, and activation of caspase-8/9/3 pathways.
  3. Cell-cycle suppression → G0/G1 or G2/M arrest depending on tumor model, with altered cyclins/CDKs and frequent participation of p53 signaling.
  4. MAPK and STAT signaling modulation → generally ↓ proliferative ERK/STAT3 signaling, while JNK/p38 effects are strongly model- and dose-dependent.
  5. NF-κB and inflammatory signaling suppression → ↓ pro-survival and inflammatory transcription, including context-dependent reductions in COX-2 and inflammatory mediators.
  6. ROS/redox modulation → frequently ↑ oxidative/mitochondrial stress in cancer cells at cytotoxic concentrations, while lower exposures in normal tissues commonly produce antioxidant and NRF2-dependent cytoprotection.
  7. Migration, EMT, invasion and angiogenesis inhibition → ↓ EGFR/Src/FAK signaling, MMP activity, HIF-1α/VEGF signaling and other metastatic programs in selected models.
  8. Metabolic suppression → inhibition of glycolysis, including PKM2-linked glycolytic metabolism in some tumor models, which can contribute to reversal of chemotherapy resistance.
  9. Ferroptosis modulation → emerging evidence indicates that kaempferol can promote ferroptotic tumor-cell death in selected cancers, while conversely suppressing pathological ferroptosis in non-cancer tissues; direction is therefore highly context-dependent.
  10. Epigenetic modulation → direct broad HDAC inhibition has been demonstrated experimentally at micromolar concentrations and may contribute to altered transcription and growth suppression.
  11. Therapy sensitization → increased responsiveness to radiation, cisplatin, TRAIL and other anticancer treatments has been demonstrated preclinically through PI3K/AKT, mitochondrial apoptosis, metabolic and drug-resistance mechanisms.

Bioavailability / PK relevance: Oral kaempferol is absorbed but undergoes extensive intestinal and hepatic conjugation, particularly glucuronidation and sulfation, so circulating material is predominantly metabolites rather than free aglycone. In a human study using 9 mg dietary kaempferol, mean plasma Cmax was approximately 0.1 µM at about 5.8 hours, with kaempferol-3-glucuronide the major circulating form. Food matrix, glycoside structure, microbiota and formulation substantially influence exposure. Nanoformulations, lipid carriers and related delivery approaches are being investigated to improve systemic exposure but remain experimental for oncology.
-research options to improve bioavailability include: take with oil (not water soluble), add Lecithin. Examples: extra virgin olive oil, nuts, egg yolk
-consuming kaempferol from kale, broccoli, onions or similar foods, most of it is present as glycosides, so mostly dependent on gut microbiota (not oil, etc)

In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: Most direct anticancer studies use approximately 10–100 µM kaempferol; reported IC50 values are often around 20–60 µM depending on tumor type. These concentrations generally exceed the sub-µM systemic concentrations observed after ordinary dietary exposure. Consequently, many direct cytotoxic, HDAC-inhibitory, ROS-generating and ferroptotic effects should not be assumed to occur systemically after normal dietary intake. Local gastrointestinal exposure and specialized formulations may provide different exposure conditions.
-Human dietary exposure generally produces circulating kaempferol concentrations in the nanomolar to low-submicromolar range; plasma Cmax of approximately 0.1 µM has been reported after a 9-mg dietary dose. Therefore, in-vitro exposures of 10–20 µM are roughly two orders of magnitude above concentrations demonstrated after ordinary dietary intake.

Clinical evidence status: Preclinical. Anticancer evidence consists predominantly of cell-culture and animal studies, including xenograft studies and preclinical radiosensitization/chemosensitization. There is no established therapeutic oncology indication and no convincing cancer-treatment RCT evidence for kaempferol itself. Human evidence includes epidemiologic dietary associations, pharmacokinetic studies and a small randomized safety study in healthy adults; 50 mg/day kaempferol aglycone for four weeks was well tolerated in that study. Clinical efficacy for cancer remains unproven.


Kaempferol Mechanistic Effects

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 PI3K AKT mTOR ↓ PI3K; ↓ AKT; ↓ mTOR ↔ / context-dependent R–G ↓ survival and proliferation; ↑ apoptosis and autophagy One of the most reproducible anticancer axes; direct PI3K inhibition has been demonstrated experimentally.
2 Mitochondrial and death receptor apoptosis ↑ Bax/Bad/Bik; ↓ Bcl-2/Bcl-xL; ↑ Cyt-c; ↑ caspase-8/9/3 ↔ at lower exposure R–G ↑ programmed cell death Both intrinsic mitochondrial and extrinsic death-receptor pathways can participate.
3 Cell cycle and p53 ↑ p53 (model-dependent); ↑ G0/G1 or G2/M arrest ↔ G ↓ proliferation Exact checkpoint depends strongly on cancer type and exposure.
4 MAPK and STAT signaling ↓ ERK; ↓ STAT3; JNK/p38 ↔ (context-dependent) ↔ / protective MAPK modulation R–G ↓ proliferative signaling; ↑ apoptosis JNK and p38 direction is not uniform across models and should not be assigned a universal direction.
5 NF-κB inflammatory survival signaling ↓ NF-κB; ↓ p65; ↓ inflammatory and anti-apoptotic transcription ↓ pathological inflammation R–G Anti-inflammatory and anti-survival activity Potentially relevant to both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment.
6 Mitochondrial ROS and NRF2 redox response ↑ ROS (dose-dependent); NRF2 ↔ (context-dependent) ↓ ROS; ↑ NRF2 (context-dependent) P–G Tumor oxidative stress versus normal-cell cytoprotection Biphasic redox behavior is important: pro-oxidant anticancer effects generally require substantially higher exposure than dietary systemic exposure.
7 EGFR EMT migration and angiogenesis ↓ EGFR/Src/ERK/AKT; ↓ FAK; ↓ MMPs; ↓ migration; ↓ VEGF ↔ G ↓ invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis Evidence is predominantly preclinical and varies among tumor types.
8 Glycolytic metabolism ↓ PKM2; ↓ glycolysis; ↓ lactate production (model-dependent) ↔ R–G ↓ tumor bioenergetics and drug resistance Particularly relevant to reported reversal of 5-FU resistance; not yet established as a universal kaempferol mechanism.
9 Ferroptosis ↑ ferroptosis (model-dependent) ↓ pathological ferroptosis (context-dependent) R–G Redox-dependent cell death modulation Emerging cancer evidence includes CA9-associated ferroptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma; direction reverses in some neuroprotective models.
10 HDAC epigenetic regulation ↓ HDAC activity; ↑ histone acetylation ↔; toxicity at high concentration G Epigenetic growth suppression Pan-HDAC inhibition has been demonstrated in vitro; translational relevance is constrained by the micromolar exposure required.
11 Radio and chemosensitization ↑ radiation response; ↑ cisplatin/TRAIL response; ↓ resistance mechanisms ↔ / relative sparing in some models G Adjunct anticancer potential Demonstrated in cell and animal experiments but not established clinically.
12 Clinical Translation Constraint Required cytotoxic concentrations commonly exceed systemic dietary exposure Dietary and short-term supplemental exposures appear considerably better tolerated G PK and clinical-evidence limitation Rapid conjugation, low free-aglycone exposure, heterogeneous mechanisms and absence of therapeutic oncology trials remain major barriers.

TSF: P: 0–30 min    R: 30 min–3 hr    G: >3 hr



Alzheimer’s disease: Kaempferol has substantial preclinical neuroprotective evidence in cellular and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and sporadic dementia, but no established human therapeutic efficacy. Reported mechanisms include ↓ oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, ↓ Aβ-associated toxicity and deposition, ↓ neuronal apoptosis, modulation of AChE, improvement of synaptic/neurotrophic signaling, and suppression of pathological neuronal ferroptosis. Recent evidence implicates NRF2/HO-1/GPX4-associated antioxidant and ferroptosis-control pathways. Cognitive and memory improvements have been reported in several rodent models; these findings have not yet been validated in clinical AD trials.

Kaempferol in Alzheimer’s Disease

Rank Pathway / Axis Modulation Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Oxidative stress and NRF2 defense ↓ ROS/lipid oxidation; ↑ NRF2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling Neuronal protection One of the most consistently reported mechanisms across preclinical AD models.
2 Aβ pathology ↓ Aβ toxicity/deposition ↓ amyloid-associated neuronal injury Demonstrated in cellular and animal models; clinical relevance remains unknown.
3 Neuroinflammation ↓ inflammatory signaling ↓ neuronal inflammatory stress Likely overlaps with NF-κB and oxidative-stress modulation.
4 Neuronal ferroptosis ↓ Fe²⁺; ↓ lipid ROS; ↑ GPX4/SLC7A11/AKR1C3-associated defense ↓ ferroptotic neuronal death Emerging evidence; contrasts with pro-ferroptotic effects reported in certain cancer models.
5 Tau pathology ↓ phosphorylated Tau (model-dependent) ↓ neurodegenerative pathology Recent animal evidence; replication and human validation are required.
6 Acetylcholinesterase ↓ AChE (preclinical) Potential ↑ cholinergic signaling Evidence is substantially weaker than for approved AChE inhibitors and should not imply comparable clinical efficacy.
7 Cognition and memory ↑ learning; ↑ memory performance Functional neuroprotection Observed in several rodent models; no established human AD efficacy.


AntiBio, Antibiotic/Antimicrobial activity: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:

Antibiotic / antimicrobial activity: The ability of a substance to suppress or kill microorganisms, especially bacteria, by disrupting microbial survival, growth, biofilm formation, cell-wall integrity, membrane function, protein synthesis, nucleic-acid synthesis, quorum sensing, or virulence.

Natural Products that might have antimicrobial properties

Natural supplement or product Principal constituents Potential antimicrobial activity Evidence assessment Reference
Garlic
Allium sativum		 Allicin, ajoene and diallyl sulfides Antibacterial and antifungal activity, with some antiviral and antiparasitic effects reported in laboratory studies. Extensive laboratory evidence, but insufficient clinical evidence to use garlic as a treatment for established infections. Tesfaye A. Revealing the therapeutic uses of garlic and its potential for drug discovery. Scientific review.
Berberine Berberine isoquinoline alkaloid May damage bacterial membranes, inhibit efflux pumps, interfere with nucleic-acid and protein synthesis, and inhibit biofilm formation. Strong preclinical evidence and limited indication-specific clinical evidence. Poor oral bioavailability and drug interactions limit its use as a general antimicrobial. Berberine as a therapeutic alkaloid against ESKAPE and multidrug-resistant bacteria: a comprehensive review.
Cranberry extract
Vaccinium macrocarpon		 A-type proanthocyanidins Primarily reduces adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, to urinary epithelial cells. May reduce recurrent urinary tract infections in selected populations. It is preventive rather than a reliable treatment for an active UTI. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Cranberry—Usefulness and Safety.
Probiotics
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces boulardii 		Live microorganisms; effects are strain-specific Competitive exclusion of pathogens, production of bacteriocins, inhibition of pathogen adhesion and restoration of microbiome function. Some human evidence for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and selected gastrointestinal or vaginal indications. Results cannot be generalized from one strain to another. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Probiotics—Health Professional Fact Sheet.
Medical-grade honey / Manuka honey Methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide, defensin-1, organic acids and high osmolarity Broad topical antibacterial and antibiofilm activity; also supports autolytic debridement and wound healing. Clinically relevant primarily as a standardized, medical-grade topical wound product. Ordinary food honey is not equivalent. Jull AB et al. Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane systematic review.
Oregano oil
Origanum vulgare		 Carvacrol and thymol Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity, largely through disruption of microbial membranes. Strong laboratory activity, but inadequate human evidence for oral treatment of infections. Concentrated oil can cause irritation. Chemical composition, biological activity and potential uses of oregano and oregano essential oil: a review.
Thyme
Thymus vulgaris		 Thymol and carvacrol Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity through membrane damage and altered microbial permeability. Better established as a constituent of topical antiseptic and oral-care formulations than as an oral treatment for systemic infection. PubMed literature: thyme, thymol and antimicrobial activity.
Tea tree oil
Melaleuca alternifolia		 Terpinen-4-ol and related monoterpenes Topical antibacterial and antifungal activity with some antiviral laboratory activity. Some clinical evidence for topical acne and fungal skin conditions. Tea tree oil is toxic when swallowed and may cause contact dermatitis. Carson CF et al. Melaleuca alternifolia oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties.
Echinacea
Echinacea species		 Alkamides, caffeic-acid derivatives, polysaccharides and glycoproteins Primarily immunomodulatory; relatively weak and inconsistent direct antimicrobial activity. Evidence for preventing or shortening respiratory infections is inconsistent and preparation-dependent. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Echinacea—Usefulness and Safety.
Elderberry
Sambucus nigra		 Anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids Antiviral effects have been reported in cell-culture and preclinical studies, including interference with viral entry or replication. Small human trials have examined respiratory symptoms, but evidence remains insufficient to establish treatment of influenza or other viral infections. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Elderberry.
Curcumin / turmeric
Curcuma longa		 Curcumin and related curcuminoids Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antibiofilm activity through multiple membrane, enzyme and signalling effects. Predominantly laboratory evidence. Poor aqueous solubility and low systemic bioavailability are major clinical limitations. Moghadamtousi SZ et al. A review on antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity of curcumin.
Ginger
Zingiber officinale		 Gingerols, shogaols and zingerone Antibacterial and antifungal activity, including possible inhibition of microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. Primarily laboratory evidence; there is little direct clinical evidence that ginger supplements treat infections. PubMed literature: ginger, gingerols and antimicrobial activity.
Clove
Syzygium aromaticum		 Eugenol and eugenyl acetate Antibacterial, antifungal and local antiseptic activity, principally through membrane and protein disruption. Relevant mainly to topical, food-preservation and dental applications. Evidence for systemic infection treatment is insufficient. PubMed literature: clove, eugenol and antimicrobial activity.
Cinnamon
Cinnamomum species		 Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and cinnamic acid derivatives Antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity; may alter microbial membranes and quorum-sensing pathways. Predominantly laboratory evidence. Cassia cinnamon can contribute substantial coumarin exposure when consumed in concentrated amounts. PubMed literature: cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde and antimicrobial activity.
Neem
Azadirachta indica		 Nimbidin, nimbin, nimbolide, azadirachtin and other limonoids Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antibiofilm effects have been reported. Some topical and dental research exists, but systemic clinical evidence is inadequate. Oral neem preparations have important safety concerns. PubMed literature: Azadirachta indica and antimicrobial activity.
Black seed
Nigella sativa		 Thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone and related volatile compounds Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and possible antiviral activity. Considerable laboratory research but limited, heterogeneous clinical evidence for infectious diseases. PubMed literature: Nigella sativa, thymoquinone and antimicrobial activity.
Green tea extract
Camellia sinensis		 Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and other catechins Antibacterial, antiviral and antibiofilm activity; may damage membranes, inhibit microbial enzymes and enhance some antibiotics. Some localized oral-health evidence, but limited evidence for treating systemic infections. Concentrated extracts may cause liver injury in susceptible individuals. PubMed literature: EGCG, green tea and antimicrobial activity.
Licorice root
Glycyrrhiza species		 Glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin and other flavonoids Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects have been reported in laboratory and preclinical studies. Limited clinical antimicrobial evidence. Glycyrrhizin can cause hypertension, hypokalemia, fluid retention and clinically important drug interactions. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Licorice Root.
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata		 Andrographolide and related diterpenoid lactones Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and possible antiviral or antibacterial activity. Some evidence for modest symptom reduction in uncomplicated respiratory infections, but this does not establish direct pathogen eradication. PubMed literature: Andrographis and respiratory infections.
Pelargonium sidoides Proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids and oxygenated coumarin derivatives Possible antiviral, antibacterial anti-adhesive and immunomodulatory activity. Some human evidence for modest symptom improvement in acute bronchitis and selected respiratory infections. It is not a substitute for antibiotics when bacterial treatment is indicated. Timmer A et al. Pelargonium sidoides extract for acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane systematic review.
Monolaurin
Glycerol monolaurate		 Monolaurin, a monoester derived from lauric acid May disrupt lipid membranes and interfere with signalling or virulence in certain bacteria and enveloped viruses. Predominantly laboratory and animal evidence. There is insufficient clinical evidence to recommend oral monolaurin for infections. PubMed literature: glycerol monolaurate and antimicrobial activity.
Caprylic acid Octanoic acid, an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid Antifungal and membrane-disrupting activity, particularly against Candida species, has been reported in vitro. Insufficient human evidence for treating candidiasis or systemic fungal infection. Marketing claims commonly exceed the evidence. PubMed literature: caprylic acid and Candida.
Olive leaf extract
Olea europaea		 Oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and elenolic-acid derivatives Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity has been observed in laboratory studies. Preliminary evidence only; clinical trials have not established it as a treatment for infectious disease. PubMed literature: olive leaf, oleuropein and antimicrobial activity.
Goldenseal
Hydrastis canadensis		 Hydrastine, canadine and berberine Extracts and individual alkaloids show antibacterial activity in laboratory studies. There is no good clinical evidence that goldenseal treats human infections. Product composition, absorption and drug interactions are important limitations. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: Goldenseal.
Sweet wormwood / artemisinin
Artemisia annua 		Artemisinin and related sesquiterpene lactones Artemisinin derivatives are potent antimalarial agents. Additional antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic effects are being studied. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are established medicines, not ordinary supplements. Herbal preparations should not replace standardized malaria treatment because dose variability can promote treatment failure and resistance. World Health Organization: Guidelines for malaria.

Evidence interpretation

  • Clinical evidence: Effects have been studied in human participants, but usually for a specific preparation, route, dose and indication.
  • Preclinical evidence: Activity has mainly been demonstrated in cell culture, microbial cultures or animal models.
  • Anti-adhesive or probiotic activity: The product may reduce colonization or pathogen attachment without directly killing the microorganism.
  • Topical evidence: Results from topical use cannot be assumed to apply to an orally administered supplement.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
8079- KAE,    Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis Induced by Kaempferol in Colorectal Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, CRC, DLD1 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Liver, HUH7 - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
*antiOx↑, *AntiBio↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *AntiCan↑, Dose↝, TumCP↓, ER Stress↑, Apoptosis↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↝, NF-kB↓, P53↑,
8095- KAE,    Kaempferol: A Key Emphasis to Its Anticancer Potential
- Review, Var, NA
*AntiBio↑, *Inflam↓, *AntiTum↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, Risk↓, TumCCA↑, EMT↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, MMP2↓, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, *ROS↓, angioG↓, *BioAv↑, BioAv↑, selectivity↑, GLUT1↓, MCT1↓, ROS↓, ROS↑, Trx↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, miR-21↓, SOCS-3↓, STAT3↓, CDK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↑, HIF-1↓, JAK1↑, PTEN↑,
8056- KAE,    Kaempferol: advances in biosynthesis, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic applications
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *MAPK↓, *STAT↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *AMPK↑, *IRes↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumMeta↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, *AntiBio↑, *hepatoP↑, *SIRT1↝, *BioAv↓,
8058- KAE,    A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial evaluating the safety of excessive administration of kaempferol aglycone
- Trial, Nor, NA
*AntiBio↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *AntiTum↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *Dose↝, *toxicity↓,
8072- KAE,    Natural defense against colorectal cancer: the effects of kaempferol on epigenetics, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation
- Review, CRC, NA
AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, Inflam↓, angioG↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, ChemoSen↑, Risk↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *AntiBio↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, selectivity↑, PUMA↑, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, CC(CDKs/cyclins)↓, TumCCA↑, BioAv↓, eff↑, DR4↑, DR5↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Casp7↑, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, TumAuto↑, mtDam↑, P53↑, MAPK↑, *lipid-P↓, *TAC↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *NRF2↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 5 of 5

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 5

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 2,   Trx↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

MMP↓, 1,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 2,   Apoptosis↑, 4,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp12↝, 1,   Casp3↑, 3,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   DR4↑, 1,   DR5↑, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   MCT1↓, 1,   PUMA↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

miR-21↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ER Stress↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

P53↑, 2,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 3,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   PTEN↑, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

CC(CDKs/cyclins)↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 3,   TumMeta↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   HIF-1↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   JAK1↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 2,   SOCS-3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 2,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   Risk↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 56

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

AntiBio↑, 5,   IRes↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 5,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   ROS↓, 2,   SOD↑, 1,   TAC↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   SIRT1↝, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

MAPK↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

STAT↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Inflam↓, 4,   NF-kB↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   Dose↝, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 4,   AntiTum↓, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 3,   toxicity↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 27

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: AntiBio, Antibiotic/Antimicrobial activity
5 Kaempferol
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:316  Target#:1483  State#:%  Dir#:2
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