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| Vitexin - Apigenin-8-C-Glucoside Alternative Names: Apigenin-8-C-glucoside, apigenin-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside Type: Flavone C-glycoside / apigenin derivative Function: Vitexin is a naturally occurring C-glycosylated flavone in which glucose is attached to apigenin at the C-8 position. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, and antiproliferative activities and can modulate pathways involving NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, AMPK, HIF-1α, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. -see also IsoVitexinCancer: Preclinical studies indicate antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-migratory, anti-invasive, and anti-inflammatory effects across multiple cancer models. Reported mechanisms include modulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, HIF-1α, ROS, apoptosis, and cell-cycle signaling. Clinical anticancer efficacy has not been established. Alzheimer's Disease: Preclinical evidence suggests neuroprotective activity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, reduction of neuronal injury, regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function, and modulation of signaling pathways relevant to cognitive impairment and amyloid-associated neurotoxicity. Clinical efficacy for Alzheimer's disease has not been established. |
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| (Also known as Hsp32 and HMOX1) HO-1 is the common abbreviation for the protein (heme oxygenase‑1) produced by the HMOX1 gene. HO-1 is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including the breakdown of heme, a toxic molecule. Research has shown that HO-1 is involved in the development and progression of cancer. -widely regarded as having antioxidant and cytoprotective effects -The overall activity of HO‑1 helps to reduce the pro‐oxidant load (by degrading free heme, a pro‑oxidant) and to generate molecules (like bilirubin) that can protect cells from oxidative damage Studies have found that HO-1 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancer. The overexpression of HO-1 in cancer cells can contribute to their survival and proliferation by: Reducing oxidative stress and inflammation Promoting angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels) Inhibiting apoptosis (programmed cell death) Enhancing cell migration and invasion When HO-1 is at a normal level, it mainly exerts an antioxidant effect, and when it is excessively elevated, it causes an accumulation of iron ions. A proper cellular level of HMOX1 plays an antioxidative function to protect cells from ROS toxicity. However, its overexpression has pro-oxidant effects to induce ferroptosis of cells, which is dependent on intracellular iron accumulation and increased ROS content upon excessive activation of HMOX1. -Curcumin Activates the Nrf2 pathway leading to HO‑1 induction; known for its anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant effects. -Resveratrol Induces HO‑1 via activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling; exhibits antioxidant and cardioprotective properties. -Quercetin Activates Nrf2 and related antioxidant pathways; contributes to anti‑oxidative and anti‑inflammatory responses. -EGCG Promotes HO‑1 expression through activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway; also exhibits anti‑inflammatory and anticancer properties. -Sulforaphane One of the most potent natural HO‑1 inducers; triggers Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulates a battery of phase II detoxifying enzymes. -Luteolin Induces HO‑1 via Nrf2 activation; may also exert anti‑inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in various cell models. -Apigenin Has been reported to induce HO‑1 expression partly via the MAPK and Nrf2 pathways; also known for anti‑inflammatory and anticancer activities. |
| 7913- | VT, | Review of the effects of vitexin in oxidative stress-related diseases |
| 7902- | VT, | Vitexin Protects Against Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Preserving Synaptic Integrity and Modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways |
| - | in-vivo, | AD, | NA |
| 7887- | VT, | IVT, | Dietary Flavonoids Vitexin and Isovitexin: New Insights into Their Functional Roles in Human Health and Disease Prevention |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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