Parthenolide / NADPH Cancer Research Results

PTL, Parthenolide: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Parthenolide is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone derived from the medicinal plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium).
-Micheliolide (MCL) is converted readily from parthenolide (PTL), and has better stability and solubility than PTL
-Parthenolide is a natural compound used to treat migraines and arthritis and found to act as a potent NF-κB signaling inhibitor.

Main activities include:
-Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling:
-Induction of Oxidative Stress (ROS): oxidative stress can overwhelm the antioxidant defenses of the cancer cells, leading to cellular damage and death
-Parthenolide can interfere with STAT3 signaling, inhibiting the transcription of genes that favor tumor growth and resistance to apoptosis.
-Modulation of the MAPK/ERK Pathway:
-Impact on the JNK Pathway:
-Parthenolide has been shown to target cancer stem cells

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Direction Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 NF-κB DNA-binding (p65/RelA Cys38 alkylation) ↓ NF-κB DNA binding Suppresses pro-survival transcription Direct mechanism: parthenolide inhibits NF-κB most likely by alkylating p65 at Cys38, reducing DNA binding (ref)
2 Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1 / TrxR2) ↓ TrxR activity Redox buffering collapse Parthenolide directly targets TrxR1/TrxR2 (selenocysteine-containing enzymes) and inhibits function (ref)
3 ROS accumulation (superoxide / oxidative stress) ↑ ROS Upstream cytotoxic trigger Same TrxR-targeting study shows TrxR inhibition shifts redox state and drives ROS accumulation leading to apoptosis (ref)
4 Mitochondrial integrity (ΔΨm) ↓ ΔΨm Mitochondrial dysfunction Parthenolide increases ROS and is reported with a combined ΔΨm reduction accompanying apoptosis across cancer cell lines (ref)
5 Intrinsic apoptosis (caspase-3 activation) ↑ caspase-3 Programmed cell death Parthenolide treatment associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3 activation in cancer cells (ref)
6 STAT3 signaling (via JAK2 covalent inhibition) ↓ STAT3 phosphorylation/signaling Reduced survival / migration programs Parthenolide covalently modifies JAK2 cysteines, suppressing kinase activity and inhibiting STAT3 signaling (ref)
7 AML stem cell targeting (LSC vulnerability; regimen context) ↓ AML stem cell survival Stem/progenitor depletion Parthenolide-based regimen (parthenolide + 2DG + temsirolimus) demonstrates potent targeting of AML stem cells (ref)
8 In vivo anti-tumor effect (xenograft; parthenolide analog evidence) ↓ tumor growth Demonstrated efficacy (derivative) Note: this is for an orally bioavailable parthenolide analog (DMAPT), not native parthenolide (ref)


NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is a crucial molecule in cellular metabolism, playing a key role in various biological processes, including energy production, antioxidant defenses, and biosynthesis.
NADPH is essential for the proper functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway, which generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. Cancer cells may exploit this pathway to support their high energy demands.
Many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, exhibit increased NADPH levels compared to normal tissues. This increase is often associated with enhanced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway that generates NADPH.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5156- PTL,    Rational Design of a Parthenolide-based Drug Regimen That Selectively Eradicates Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells
- in-vitro, AML, NA
NADPH↑, PPP↑, NRF2↑, ROS↑, CSCs↓, selectivity↑, other↝,
1987- PTL,  Rad,    A NADPH oxidase dependent redox signaling pathway mediates the selective radiosensitization effect of parthenolide in prostate cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Nor, PrEC
selectivity↑, RadioS↑, ROS↑, *ROS∅, NADPH↑, Trx↓, PI3K↑, Akt↑, p‑FOXO3↓, SOD2↓, Catalase↓, radioP↑, *NADPH∅, *GSH↑, *GSH/GSSG↑, *NRF2↑,
1985- PTL,    KEAP1 Is a Redox Sensitive Target That Arbitrates the Opposing Radiosensitive Effects of Parthenolide in Normal and Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Nor, PrEC - in-vivo, NA, NA
ROS↑, NADPH↑, RadioS↑, radioP↑, Trx↓, *ox-Keap1↑, ox-Keap1↓, rd-Keap1↑, *NRF2↑, NRF2∅, NF-kB↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 3 of 3

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 3

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   ox-Keap1↓, 1,   rd-Keap1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   NRF2∅, 1,   ROS↑, 3,   SOD2↓, 1,   Trx↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

NADPH↑, 3,   PPP↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↝, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CSCs↓, 1,   p‑FOXO3↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

NF-kB↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

radioP↑, 2,  
Total Targets: 19

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH↑, 1,   GSH/GSSG↑, 1,   ox-Keap1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   ROS∅, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

NADPH∅, 1,  
Total Targets: 6

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
3 Parthenolide
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:8  Target#:624  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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