GastroP Cancer Research Results

GastroP, GastroProtective: Click to Expand ⟱
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GastroProtective refers to an effect that helps protect the gastrointestinal mucosa, especially the stomach, from injury caused by acid, NSAIDs, alcohol, infection, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Gastroprotective actions may involve enhancement of mucus and bicarbonate defenses, preservation of mucosal blood flow, reduction of oxidative damage, suppression of inflammatory signaling, and support of epithelial repair. In cancer and IBD-related contexts, gastroprotective or broader mucosal-protective effects may be relevant when a compound reduces treatment-related GI injury, limits inflammatory mucosal damage, or helps preserve barrier integrity, although this term is supportive and protective rather than a direct anticancer mechanism.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
7402- Amla,    Traditional knowledge to clinical trials: A review on therapeutic actions of Emblica officinalis
- Review, Var, NA
*eff↑, E.officinalis is one of the major component in various health tonics, also exerts synergistic effects in enhancing the medicinal efficacy.
*antiOx↑, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, cyto-protective properties
*AntiCan↑,
*Imm↑,
*Inflam↓, In trial phase I, oral doses of 3 capsules per day for two weeks showed significant immuno-stimulatory effects on cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells.
*AntiArt↑, The present review analysed and summarized the pharmacological actions, experimental studies and clinical trials of E. officinalis with emphasis on its immuno-enhancer, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities
*Dose↝, The fruit of amla consists of many bioactive compounds including ellagic acid, chebulinic acid, apigenin, gallic acid, quercetin, chebulagic acid, isostrictiniin, corilagin, methyl gallate, luteolin etc
*VitC↑, It has been reported that 100 g of edible fruit provides 470–680 mg of Vit. C.
radioP↑, figure 1
*cardioP↑,
*GastroP↑,
*Wound Healing↑,
*Diar↓,
eff↑, They reported that IC50 of Amla alone and PE-AgNP were 30 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL respectively, while these nanoparticles demonstrated potential antiproliferative effect by oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolar ization, DNA damage and apoptotic functio
NK cell↑, Enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
BAX↑, Up-regulation of Bax expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.Cell cycle arres
Bcl-2↓,
TumCCA↑,
Dose↝, Powdered amla fruit at dosage of 1, 2 or 3 g orally given with 30 ml water once daily in the morning after breakfast for 21 days

7407- Amla,    Functional and Nutraceutical Significance of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Review
- Review, Nor, NA
*Inflam↓, amla has been proven to have anti-hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities
*antiOx↑,
*GSH↑, a study using the extract from amla leaves (200–400 mg/kg BW) indicated a similar protective effect in diabetic mice by reducing inducing the activity of GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT activity and also reducing lipid peroxidation
*GPx↑,
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*lipid-P↓, significant reduction in the peroxidation level and increased antioxidant status were observed in subjects that consumed 250 mg (twice a day) for 60 days
*ROS↓, polyphenols (especially tannins and flavonoids) present in this fruit extract significantly reduced oxidative stress by scavenging NOx.
*cardioP↑, Fruit Gallic acid Cardioprotective activity
*AntiDiabetic↑, Fruit Ellagic acid Antidiabetic activity
*neuroP↑, Fruit Emblicanin A and B Neuroprotective activity
*GastroP↑, Fruit Tannins and gallic acid Gastrointestinal protective activity
*COX2/PTGS2↓, inhibited the enhanced mitochondrial COX-2, MDA, and Bax expressions in the liver
*MDA↓,
*BAX↓,
*TG/TAG↓, Figure 2
*HDL↑,
*LDL↓,
*HMG-CoA↓,
*Dose↝, At the human level, a 500 mg dose of P. emblica L. extract (twice a day) for three months reduced the high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, and LDL levels in Class I obese subjects
*CRP↓,
DNAdam↑, Particularly for amla extracts, DNA fragmentation, increased activity of caspase-3, 7, and 8, and up-regulation of Fas protein were observed in the HeLa cell line,
Casp3↑,
Casp7↑,
Casp8↑,
Fas↑,
TumCI↓, This study also indicated that P. emblica L. decreased the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells (in vitro Matrigel invasion study), and no cytotoxicity was seen in normal lung fibroblasts (MRC5)
selectivity↑,

6542- BSB,    Health Benefits, Pharmacological Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of α-Bisabolol
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, AD, NA
AntiCan↑, Numerous experimental studies demonstrated pharmacological properties of α-Bisabolol including anticancer, antinociceptive, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antimicrobial.
*neuroP↑,
*cardioP↑,
*AntiBio↑,
*BioAv↑, Given the polypharmacological effects and pleiotropic properties, along with favorable pharmacokinetics, and dietary availability and safety, α-Bisabolol can be used as a dietary agent, nutraceutical or phytopharmaceutical agent or as an adjuvant wit
*toxicity↓,
*BioAv↑, integrated in many cosmetic formulations due to its skin soothing effects, well documented dermal absorption
*motorD↑, improvement in locomotor activity, a reduction in the expression of thiol and a reinstate of the activity of mitochondrial complex-I.
*SOD↑, α-Bisabolol also increased the mRNA level of antioxidants proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the keap1 gene product.
*Catalase↑,
*Keap1↑,
*MDA↓, α-Bisabolol attenuated oxidative insult by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), restoring depleted glutathione (GSH) and improving SOD and CAT activity.
*GSH↑,
*IL1β↓, attenuated neuroinflammation by reducing glial cells activation and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and mediators (iNOS and COX-2).
*IL6↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*iNOS↓,
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*lipid-P↓, α-Bisabolol restored mitochondrial function by preventing mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, cytochrome-C release and most importantly preserving Complex-I activity
*Cyt‑c↓,
*ROS↓, The study concluded that α-Bisabolol safeguarded against the induced upsurge of ROS and nitrite.
*MMP↑, α-Bisabolol treatment also restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) validating its antioxidant effect.
*antiOx↑,
*AChE↓, showed a significant reduction in AChE activity and an ability to avert Ach depletion.
*Apoptosis↓, α-Bisabolol protected cells from Aβ triggered apoptosis by reducing Bax and Caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 activity.
*BAX↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*BACE/β-secretase↓, α-Bisabolol inhibitory activity on BACE1 and found a decrease in BACE1 activity following α-Bisabolol treatment
*BChE↓, AChE, BuChE, β-secretase actions were decreased significantly in cells pretreated with α-Bisabolol
*eff↑, The compound clearly illustrated a potent anti-AchE activity of 95.869% similar to the activity of donepezil, a standard drug. I
*Aβ↓, The compound also disaggregated Aβ25–35 peptide and protected against its induced toxicity by increasing neuro2a cells viability [
*ATP↑, figure 2
RadioS↑, α-Bisabolol and Anticancer Effects, figure 3
Cyt‑c↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp9↑,
Apoptosis↑,
PARP↑,
BAX↑,
BID↑,
NF-kB↑,
Fas↑,
EGFR↑,
TIMP2↑,
XIAP↓,
COX2/PTGS2↓,
Bak↓,
Bcl-2↓,
P53↑, The expression of p53 (a transcription factors whose products might lead to apoptosis), NF-κB and Fas was increased following α-Bisabolol treatment, indicating their function in mediating α-Bisabolol-induced apoptosis in the cancer cell line.
HER2/EBBR2↓,
FGF↓,
CEA↓,
Akt↓,
TumCCA↑, α-Bisabolol suppresses the cellular proliferation at G2/M cell cycle phase.
*Imm↑, reported that α-Bisabolol boosted the immunity response by T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) supplementation in treated mice.
*CD4+↑,
*CD8+↑,
*BBB↑, ↑ BBB penetration
*Pain↓, α-Bisabolol based mouthwash to that of chlorhexidine in reducing pain during brushing
*cardioP↑, α-Bisabolol and Cardioprotection, figure 5
*TBARS↓, rats co-treated with α-Bisabolol showed reduced LOOH and TBARS and increased SOD, CAT and GSH.
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*GSH↑,
*AntiBio↑, α-Bisabolol demonstrated an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as a synergism against S. aureus, when combined with the antibiotic norfloxacin and against E. coli when combined with
*AntiFungal↑, ↓ fungal growth
*GastroP↑, α-Bisabolol and Gastroprotection. oral administration of α-Bisabolol was realized to attenuate gastric damage and to provide cytoprotection in stomach.
*RenoP↑, The nephroprotective effects of α-Bisabolol and the underlying mechanisms are summarized in Table 10.
*creat↓, ↓ creatinine, urea, uric acid
*uricA↓,
*Inflam↓, Anti-Inflammatory Effects of α-Bisabolol
*iNOS↓, ↓ iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, p65 PGE2, nitrite, IL-6, ↓ MMP13
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*IL6↑,
*MMP13↓,

5926- CAR,    An Updated Review of Research into Carvacrol and Its Biological Activities
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Asthma, NA
*Inflam↓, ic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory,antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
*antiOx↑,
*neuroP↑, Carvacrol has exhibited notable neuroprotective effects in experimental models of cognitiveimpairment and neurodegenerative diseases
*BioAv↑, advances in encapsulation andnanotechnology have enhanced its stability and bioavailability
*toxicity↓, Compared to phenol, carvacrol and thymol exhibitsignificantly lower toxicity. This makes carvacrol a safer alternative for various applications, frombiological agents to dietary supplements [
*Pain↓, Pain-Relieving Mechanisms of Car
*TRPV3↑, , carvacrol-induced TRPV3 activation enhances lipolysis in adipocytes via theNRF2/FSP1 a
*NRF2↑,
*Ca+2↑, TRPV3 activation in distal colon epithelial cells elevates intracellular Ca²⁺ levels and stimulates ATP release, implicating carvacrol in gut physiology and signaling
*ATP↑,
*5LO↓, s, including the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), lipoxygenase(LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
PGE2↓, arvacrol’s anti-inflammatory effects involve theinhibition of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production via COX-2
*hepatoP↑, Carvacrol in Hepatic Protection as Natural Antioxidant
*AntiAg↑, Carvacrol has demonstrated significant antiplatelet activity, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in preventing thrombosis
*Diar↓, s essentialoil exhibited antidiarrheal effects in castor oil-induced diarrhea models, potentially mediated bymechanisms involving Kv channel activation and Ca²⁺ channel inhibition
*cardioP↑, em as promising nutraceutical candidates for alleviatingCVD-related complicat
*other↝, Carvacrol was evaluated for its therapeutic potential in managing erectile dysfunction (ED)associated with aging
*chemoPv↑, Chemopreventive Potential of Carvacrol in Detoxification pathways
*cognitive↑, carvacrol(0.5–2 mg/kg) and thymol significantly improved cognitive function in rats
*AChE↓, potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 158.94 μg/mL)
*GastroP↑, . Gastroprotective Effects of Carvacrol and Mechanism
*eff↑, . When combined with polysorbate 80 as a surfactant, carvacrol was efficiently deliveredto embryonic tissues, maintaining bioavailability during the peri-hatching phase
*BChE↓, acrol. The essential oil rich in carvacrol showedstrong inhibitory effects on AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) [
*CRP↓, d Phase II clinical trial, asthmatic patients whoreceived 1.2 mg/kg/day of carvacrol for two months showed significant improvements in pulmonaryfunction tests and a notable reduction in C-reactive protein levek

6023- CGA,    Pharmacological advances of the chlorogenic acids family: current insights and future research directions
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, IBD, NA
*Aβ↓, chlorogenic acid can reduce Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease model mice by 37%, indicating its neuroprotective potential.
*neuroP↑,
*cardioP↑, Similarly, CGAs offer protection to the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and liver, while additionally preventing metabolic syndrome and displaying anticancer and antimicrobial capabilities.
*GastroP↑,
*RenoP↑,
*hepatoP↑,
*Obesity↓,
*Bacteria↓,
*BioAv↑, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, HQT in tomatoes significantly enhances CGA accumulation without significantly altering the levels of other soluble phenolic botanical drugs.
*BioAv↑, Mechanistic studies have shown that dietary fats (such as soybean oil and coconut oil) can significantly enhance the permeability of CGA in the Caco-2 monolayer by increasing cell membrane fluidity
*BioAv↑, Following oral administration of CGA, the acidic environment in the stomach helps maintain the structural stability of CGA, with approximately one-third of the dose entering the blood system through passive diffusion in the small intestine, while the
*ROS↓, CGA pretreatment markedly diminished ROS caused by PD toxins
*GutMicro↑, CGA works with the gut microbiota and its metabolites to alleviate post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS)
*IBI↑, CGA increases intestinal damage repair, decreases MCT-1 and TFF-3 expression, and suppresses NF-κB expression
*MCT1↓,
*NF-kB↓,
*DNMT1↓, Liver Cancer, DNMT1 protein expression↓

6663- DFE,    Nutraceuticals of Phoenix dactylifera L.: Physicochemistry, Nutritional Value and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, Date palm products are rich in carbohydrates, dietary fiber, essential minerals, and phenolic and flavonoid compounds, such as gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, and ferulic acid, which underpin their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
*Inflam↓,
*AntiBio↑, Experimental studies further suggest potential antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-arthritic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and gastroprotective effects.
*AntiDiabetic↑,
*AntiCan↑,
*AntiArt↑, biosynthesized AgNPs derived from date seed extracts has been reported to exhibit anti-arthritic activity in experimental models
*neuroP↑,
*hepatoP↑,
*GastroP↑,
*other↝, The mineral composition of date palm fruits (Table 6) reveals potassium as the most abundant mineral, followed by magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus.
*cardioP↑, This mineral profile supports the use of date palm fruit as a functional food for cardiovascular health, particularly in individuals with hypertension, due to its high potassium and low sodium content.
*cognitive↑, Multiple preclinical studies provided evidence that these compounds may enhance brain health and cognitive performance by mitigating oxidative stress and modulating inflammatory mediators, thus alleviating memory impairments and inflammation.
*ROS↓,
*memory↑, reported that date palm extracts were associated with improvements in memory performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and preservation of neuronal morphology, particularly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus
*other↝, numerous literature have reported that both date fruit and seed extracts may alleviate oxidative stress, subsequently exerting anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and metabolic regulatory effects through modulation of related signaling pathways.
*SOD↑, Date fruit extract treatment was also found to restore antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, further strengthening its proposed protective role against oxidative
*Catalase↑,
*GSH↑,
*GA↑, rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, apigenin, caffeic acid, rutin, and lutein,
*Catechins↑,
*FA↑,
*QC↑,
Api↑,
*CA↑,
*Imm↑, Phoenix dactylifera L. extracts have also been reported to enhance immune function. The high polyphenol content in Phoenix dactylifera L. has been shown to stimulate immune responses
*Phen↑,
*IL1β↓, downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, tumor growth factor (TGF)-β, COX-1, and COX-2, in middle-aged women following chronic consumption of date seed
*TGF-β↓,
*COX1↓,
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
TumCP↓, Phoenix dactylifera L. aqueous-ethanolic extract demonstrated antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities against human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7)
Casp3↑, seed extracts demonstrated pro-apoptotic effects via caspase-3 activation in MDA‑MB‑231 cells
TumMeta↓, exhibited antiproliferative effects against U87 glioblastoma and MDA‑MB‑231 cells, along with significant inhibition of cell adhesion and migration, indicating potential anti-metastatic properties.
*GutMicro↑, It was suggested that daily consumption of dates may provide fermentable substrates for gut microbiota, thereby reducing toxic protein-derived metabolites.

6715- dietF,    Are Fermented Foods Effective against Inflammatory Diseases?
- Review, Nor, NA
*Imm↑, Fermented foods containing probiotic bacteria and fungi can enhance the immune system, improve gastrointestinal health, and lower the risk of developing various inflammatory diseases.
*GastroP↑,
*Inflam↓,
AntiCan↑, Kombucha tea possesses anticancer, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties
*AntiBio↑,
*hepatoP↑,
*CD4+↑, Kombucha consumption also reduced inflammation by increasing polarization of CD4+ T cells (by induction of IL-4 and TGF-β) and by inhibiting IFN-γ and IL-17
*IFN-γ↓,
*IL17↓,
*GutMicro↑, Kombucha intake also promoted the growth of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut that exert anti-inflammatory effects
*antiOx↑, fermented turmeric demonstrated stronger antioxidative activity than raw turmeric.
*AST↓, After 5 days of fermentation with Bacillus natto, fermented turmeric dramatically decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in contrast to unfermented turmeric.
*ALAT↓,
*HDL↑, After fermentation, there was a considerable rise in HDL cholesterol and a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol [45].
*LDL↓,
*ROS↓, Kimchi has also demonstrated potent radical scavenging and antioxidant activity in vitro, enhancing LLC-PK1 cell viability by protection against lipid peroxidation.
*lipid-P↓,
*Inflam↓, The anti-inflammatory properties of sauerkraut LAB were emphasized in a randomized, double-blinded pilot study on 34 Norwegian inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) patients.
*Aβ↓, Mice fed with doenjang-infused high-fat feed had reduced β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neuroinflammatory gene levels, further reinforcing the protective effect of fermented soy on the aging brain

6282- DL,    Limonene Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect on LPS-Induced Jejunal Injury in Mice by Inhibiting NF-κB/AP-1 Pathway
- in-vivo, IBD, NA
*RenoP↑, pretreatment with limonene at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg mitigated this decline in renal function, evidenced from the reduced levels of serum urea and creatinine.
*creat↓,
*Inflam↓, Limonene demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2), suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB/AP-1
*TNF-α↓,
*IL1β↓,
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*ROS↓, modulating oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation.
*NRF2↑,
*GastroP↑, mitigating intestinal inflammation and preserving gastrointestinal health.
*TLR4↓, suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB/AP-1
*NF-kB↓,
*AP-1↓,
*Sepsis↓, limonene has the potential to mitigate the severity of sepsis in mice.

6281- DL,    Applications of Limonene in Neoplasms and Non-Neoplastic Diseases
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA
*antiOx↑, spanning antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and gastroprotective domains.
AntiTum↑,
*AntiDiabetic↑,
*neuroP↑, The neuroprotective potential of limonene has been demonstrated in different neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including multiple sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and anxiety
*GastroP↑,
*ROS↓, we explore its molecular mechanisms, ranging from reactive oxygen species mitigation
*toxicity↓, Its low toxicity and high bioavailability support its potential as a safe adjunct or alternative in phytotherapy.
*BioAv↑,
ChemoSen↑, combining limonene with tamoxifen increases the anticancer efficacy by inducing apoptosis in MCF 7 BC cells
BAX↑, MCF-7 cells, D-limonene treatment significantly increases the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and p53 while downregulating Bcl-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and COX-2
P53↓,
Bcl-2↓,
iNOS↓,
COX2/PTGS2↓,
eff↑, IC50 of free limonene was reported to be 985.00 μg/mL, whereas its encapsulation in chitosan nanoparticles (LimChiNPs) significantly reduced the IC50 to 650.70 μg/mL.
ROS↑, Furthermore, this dual therapy augmented intracellular reactive oxygen species production and promoted cell cycle arrest predominantly at the G1 phase via the modulation of cyclin D1 and B1 [20].
TumCCA↑,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
CycB/CCNB1↓,
TumCMig↓, migration capacity of MCF-7 cells was also markedly inhibited under the combined regimen, suggesting potential to curb metastatic progression
*lipid-P↓, Limonene therapy resulted in a decrease in lipid peroxidation levels and an increase in the level of glutathione, a major antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage
*GSH↑,
*SOD↑, Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) was improved, indicating that the body’s natural defense system was functioning better again
*GPx↑,
*hepatoP↑, limonene treatment has been shown to mitigate liver damage caused by DEN/2-AAF exposure by reinforcing the antioxidant defenses in hepatic cells
*glucose↓, D-limonene consistently lowered fasting glucose and HbA1c, improved lipid profiles, and enhanced antioxidant defenses (e.g., increased SOD, CAT, and GSH levels)
*AGEs↓, D-limonene has been shown to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through multiple mechanisms,
*Obesity↓, Notably, limonene also stimulates differentiation and glucose uptake in adipocytes, suggesting a role in counteracting insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction
*Aβ↓, The neuroprotective properties of limonene find expression in suppressing Aβ-induced cell death and decreasing ROS levels
*AChE↓, Further insights into the molecular mechanism of limonene’s inhibition of AChE have been provided by molecular dynamics simulations

7049- GA,    Pharmacological effects of gallic acid in health and diseases: A mechanistic review
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, Several beneficial effects are reported for gallic acid, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties.
*Inflam↓,
*antiNeop↑,
*cardioP↑, reported to have therapeutic activities in gastrointestinal, neuropsychological, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders
*Bacteria↓, Antimicrobial activity
*AST↓, Beryllium-induced hepatorenal toxicity ↓AST, ALT, ALP, LPO, AMND, ↑GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx & GST, ↓Cr & urea
*ALAT↓,
*ALP↓,
*lipid-P↓,
*GSH↑,
*Catalase↑,
*GPx↑,
*GSTs↑,
*Urea↓,
*creat↓,
tumCV↓, human NCSLC NCI-H460 cells In vivo: mouse NCI-H460 xenograft model In vitro: ↓viability, induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, ↑intracellular Ca2+, CDK1 activity, caspase-3, caspase-8 & caspase-9 activation, ↓ΔΨ
TumCCA↑,
i-Ca+2↑,
CDK1↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp9↑,
MMP↓,
ROS↑, In vitro: induction of S phase cell cycle arrest ↑ROS
MMPs↓, it can inhibit the invasion and metastasis by decreasing the matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity
*GastroP↑, Beside the gastroprotective activity, gallic acid ameliorates the hepatotoxic effects of xenobiotic agents by acting as an antioxidant compound that scavenges free radicals, such as ROS
*hepatoP↑,
*ROS↓,
*AChE↑, Gallic acid is also able to reverse the scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice, probably through inhibiting oxidative stress and decreasing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in the brain

7487- H2,    A comprehensive review of molecular hydrogen as a novel nutrition therapy in relieving oxidative stress and diseases: Mechanisms and perspectives
- Review, Nor, NA
*Inflam↓, H2 demonstrates numerous biologically therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-apoptotic, anti-allergic effects, signaling molecule functions, regulation of redox balance
*antiOx↓,
*Stress↓,
*Dose↝, The administration methods of hydrogen include inhalation, hydrogen-rich water, hydrogen-rich saline, hydrogen-rich eye drops, and hydrogen-rich bathing.
*cardioP↑, graphical abstract and figure 4
*GastroP↑,
*BBB↑, H2 is its ability to easily cross the blood-brain barrier and penetrate biomembranes, diffusing throughout the different tissues and organs.
*eff↑, The above-cited properties led some researchers to refer to it as a "miracle" molecule
*toxicity↓, Regarding the biosafety of hydrogen, numerous reports, including those from the US government and the EU, have indicated that hydrogen is safe for biological systems, showing no acute or chronic toxicity under normal pressure
*Dose↝, human large intestine often produces approximately 70–140 mL of hydrogen daily through the action of coliform bacteria such as Escherichia coli under typical environmental conditions.
*hepatoP↑, including cardioprotective properties, improved liver function, reduced oxidative stress, and prevention of Parkinson's disease
*ROS↓,
*SOD↑, 1.5–2.0 L/day drinking HRW orally 0.55–0.65 mM 1.65–2.6 mg H2/day 8 weeks SOD: ↑ TRABS: ↓ HDL: ↑
*TBARS↓,
*HDL↑,
*LDL↓, figure 4
*Obesity↓, figure 5 obesity
*GSH↑, HRW treatment partially alleviated colitis symptoms, improved histopathological changes, significantly increased glutathione (GSH) concentration, and reduced the level of TNF-α.
*TNF-α↓,
*GutMicro↑, HRW was found to exhibit partial relief of inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis in the intestinal flora of mice with chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)
*DNAdam↓, HRW-treated mice exhibited decreased levels of markers associated with oxidative DNA damage, such as phosphorylated histone H2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, as well as markers indicative of aging
*γH2AX↓,
*p‑p38↓, Treatment with HRS also inhibited the activation of p-p38 and NF-κB while suppressing the production of several pro-inflammatory mediators,
*NF-kB↓,

7290- PacT,  Aidi,    Clinical efficacy and safety of Aidi injection plus paclitaxel-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials following the PRISMA guidelines
Dose↝, Aidi injection is composed of the extracts from Astragalus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ginseng, and Cantharis. Aidi injection plus paclitaxel-based chemotherapy is often used to in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
QoL↑, Current moderate evidence revealed that Aidi injection plus paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, especially TP can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and QOL for patients with stage III/IV NSCLC
hepatoP↑, Aidi injection can relieve the risk of hematotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity and liver injury in patient with NSCLC receiving paclitaxel-based chemotherapy.
GastroP↑,
chemoP↑,
Dose↝, The optimal usage may be 50 ml/time and 14 days/2 cycles.

5904- TV,    Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Obesity, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*antiOx↑, shown to possess various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic and antitumor activities.
*ROS↓,
*Inflam↓,
*Bacteria↓,
AntiTum↑,
IronCh↑, chelation of metal ions
*HDL↑, antihyperlipidemic (via increasing the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol
*LDL↓,
*BioAv↝, videnced the presence of thymol in the stomach, intestine, and urine after its oral administration with sesame oil at a dose around 500 mg in rats and 1–3 g in rabbits.
*Half-Life↝, Oral administration of a single dose of thymol (50 mg/kg) was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated approximately within 24 h.The maximum concentration (Tmax) was reached after 30 min, while approximately 0.3 h was needed for the half-life
*BioAv↑, The rapid absorption of thymol indicates that it’s mainly absorbed in the upper component of the gut
*SOD↑, scavenging of free radicals by increasing the activities of several endogenous antioxidant enzymes levels viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)
*GPx↑,
*GSTs↑,
*eff↑, Thymol (0.02–0.20%) showed better antioxidant capacity than its isomer carvacrol in lipid systems due to its greater steric hindrance
radioP↑, Owing to its potent antioxidant potential, thymol showed radioprotective and anticlastogenic potential in gamma radiation induced Swiss albino mice
*MDA↓, Thymol supplementation increased the antioxidant status and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in broiler chickens
*other↑, Dietary supplementation with the combination of carvacrol–thymol (1:1) (100 mg/kg) reduced the occurrence of oxidative stress and the impairment of the intestinal barrier in weaning piglets by its potent antioxidant property
*COX1↓, by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), with the most active being against COX-1 with an IC50 value of 0.2 μM.
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*AntiAg↑, Thymol (1.1 μg/ml) exhibited inhibitory effects against arachidonic-acid-induced blood coagulation and platelet aggregation in vitro
*RNS↓, Thymol inhibited ROS (IC50= 3 μg/ml), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (IC50= 4.7) and significantly reduced generation of NO and H2O2 as well as activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced oxidase (NADH oxi
*NO↓,
*H2O2↓,
*NOS2↓,
*NADH↓,
*Imm↑, Thymol (25–200 mg/kg) was shown to modulate the immune system in cyclosporine-A treated Swiss albino mice by enhancing the expressions of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4),
Apoptosis↑, anticancer actions of thymol include induction of apoptosis, anti-proliferation, inhibition of angiogenesis and migration
TumCP↓,
angioG↓,
TumCMig↓,
Ca+2↑, Intracellular Ca2+ overload
TumCCA↑, Cytotoxicity by stimulating cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase
DNAdam↑, DNA fragmentation, Bax protein expression, activation of caspase -9, -8 and -3 & concomitant PARP cleavage, AIF translocation
BAX↑,
Casp9↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp3↑,
cl‑PARP↑,
AIF↑,
i-ROS↑, intracellular ROS, depolarizing MMP, cytochrome-c release, cleavage of caspases, DNA fragmentation, activation of apaf-1,
MMP↓,
Cyt‑c↑,
APAF1↑,
Ca+2↑, In human glioblastoma cells, thymol (200–600 μM) produced a rise in (Ca2+)i levels
MMP9↓, diminished matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP9) and matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP2) production as well as protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) phosphorylation
MMP2↓,
PKCδ↓,
ERK↓,
H2O2↑, Thymol increased the production of ROS and mitochondrial H2O2 thereby depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential.
BAX↑, up-regulating Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression and down-regulating B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2)
Bcl-2↓,
DNAdam↑, Thymol (IC50= 497 and 266 mM) was shown to induce DNA damage by increasing the levels of lipid peroxidation products;
lipid-P↑,
ChemoSen↑, This study recommended the combination of thymol with various chemotherapeutic agents to minimize its toxicity on normal cells and to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment
chemoP↑,
*cardioP↑, significant increase in the activities of heart mitochondrial antioxidants (SOD, catalase, GPx, GSH)
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*GPx↑,
*GSH↑,
*BP↓, Thymol (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) administration decreased the blood pressure and heart rate of Wistar rats whereas thymol (5 mg/kg) attenuated blood pressure in rabbits
*AntiDiabetic↑, protective effects of thymol in metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and obesity
*Obesity↓,
RenoP↑, Thymol (20 mg/kg) was shown to inhibit cisplatin-induced renal injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in male adult Swiss Albino rats
*GastroP↑, This gastroprotective effect of thymol is believed to be due to increased mucus secretion
hepatoP↑, Thymol (150 mg/kg) showed to inhibit paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in mice by preventing the alterations in the activities of hepatic marker enzymes
*AChE↓, Thymol (EC50= 0.74 mg/mL) was shown to possess acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity but much less than its isomer carvacrol
*cognitive↑, Thymol (0.5–2 mg/kg) has been shown to inhibit cognitive impairments caused by increased Aβ levels or cholinergic hypofunction in Aβ
*BChE↓, whereas thymol (100 and 1000 μg/ml) also inhibited both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in a dose dependent manner
*other↓, Thymol (100 mg/kg) was shown to inhibit collagen induced arthritis by decreasing lipid peroxidation mediated oxidative stress by increasing the status of antioxidants in male Wistar rats
*BioAv↑, The encapsulation of thymol into methylcellulose microspheres by spray drying remarkably increases the bioavailability compared to free thymol


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 13 of 13

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 13

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

H2O2↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   ROS↑, 2,   i-ROS↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

IronCh↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   MMP↓, 2,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 2,   Bak↓, 1,   BAX↑, 5,   Bcl-2↓, 4,   BID↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 5,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 4,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   Fas↑, 2,   iNOS↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

tumCV↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 3,   P53↓, 1,   P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 5,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ERK↓, 1,   FGF↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 2,   i-Ca+2↑, 1,   CEA↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   MMPs↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   TIMP2↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 2,   TumMeta↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   EGFR↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

GastroP↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 2,   NF-kB↑, 1,   NK cell↑, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 2,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↑, 2,   RadioS↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

CEA↓, 1,   EGFR↑, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   AntiTum↑, 2,   chemoP↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 2,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 2,   RenoP↑, 1,  

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

Api↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 70

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

AntiArt↑, 2,   AntiBio↑, 4,   Stress↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 9,   Catalase↑, 6,   GPx↑, 5,   GSH↑, 8,   GSTs↑, 2,   H2O2↓, 1,   HDL↑, 4,   Keap1↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 5,   MDA↓, 3,   NADH↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   RNS↓, 1,   ROS↓, 10,   SOD↑, 8,   TBARS↓, 2,   uricA↓, 1,   VitC↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↑, 2,   MMP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   glucose↓, 1,   HMG-CoA↓, 1,   LDL↓, 4,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 1,   BAX↓, 2,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   MCT1↓, 1,   p‑p38↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

TRPV3↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↓, 1,   other↑, 1,   other↝, 3,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1,   DNMT1↓, 1,   γH2AX↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   AntiAg↑, 2,   AP-1↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 1,   MMP13↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 2,   GastroP↑, 12,   IBI↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD4+↑, 2,   COX1↓, 2,   COX2/PTGS2↓, 7,   CRP↓, 2,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IL17↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 3,   IL6↓, 1,   IL6↑, 1,   Imm↑, 5,   Inflam↓, 11,   NF-kB↓, 3,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

AChE↓, 4,   AChE↑, 1,   BChE↓, 3,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

AGEs↓, 1,   Aβ↓, 4,   BACE/β-secretase↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↑, 9,   BioAv↝, 1,   Dose↝, 4,   eff↑, 5,   Half-Life↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 2,   BP↓, 1,   creat↓, 3,   CRP↓, 2,   GutMicro↑, 4,   IL6↓, 1,   IL6↑, 1,   NOS2↓, 1,   TG/TAG↓, 1,   Urea↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   AntiDiabetic↑, 4,   antiNeop↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 10,   chemoPv↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 3,   hepatoP↑, 7,   memory↑, 1,   motorD↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 6,   Obesity↓, 4,   Pain↓, 2,   RenoP↑, 3,   toxicity↓, 4,   Wound Healing↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiFungal↑, 1,   Bacteria↓, 3,   CD8+↑, 1,   Diar↓, 2,   Sepsis↓, 1,  

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

CA↑, 1,   Catechins↑, 1,   FA↑, 1,   GA↑, 1,   Phen↑, 1,   QC↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 116

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GastroP, GastroProtective
2 Phyllanthus emblica/Emblica officinalis/Amla / Indian Gooseberry
2 D-limonene
1 α-Bisabolol / Chamomile oil
1 Carvacrol
1 Chlorogenic acid
1 Date Fruit Extract
1 diet Fermented Foods
1 Gallic acid
1 Hydrogen Gas
1 Paclitaxel/Taxol
1 Aidi injection
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:1459  State#:%  Dir#:2
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