GastroP Cancer Research Results

GastroP, GastroProtective: Click to Expand ⟱
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GastroProtective refers to an effect that helps protect the gastrointestinal mucosa, especially the stomach, from injury caused by acid, NSAIDs, alcohol, infection, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Gastroprotective actions may involve enhancement of mucus and bicarbonate defenses, preservation of mucosal blood flow, reduction of oxidative damage, suppression of inflammatory signaling, and support of epithelial repair. In cancer and IBD-related contexts, gastroprotective or broader mucosal-protective effects may be relevant when a compound reduces treatment-related GI injury, limits inflammatory mucosal damage, or helps preserve barrier integrity, although this term is supportive and protective rather than a direct anticancer mechanism.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5926- CAR,    An Updated Review of Research into Carvacrol and Its Biological Activities
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, asthmatic, NA
*Inflam↓, ic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory,antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.
*antiOx↑,
*neuroP↑, Carvacrol has exhibited notable neuroprotective effects in experimental models of cognitiveimpairment and neurodegenerative diseases
*BioAv↑, advances in encapsulation andnanotechnology have enhanced its stability and bioavailability
*toxicity↓, Compared to phenol, carvacrol and thymol exhibitsignificantly lower toxicity. This makes carvacrol a safer alternative for various applications, frombiological agents to dietary supplements [
*Pain↓, Pain-Relieving Mechanisms of Car
*TRPV3↑, , carvacrol-induced TRPV3 activation enhances lipolysis in adipocytes via theNRF2/FSP1 a
*NRF2↑,
*Ca+2↑, TRPV3 activation in distal colon epithelial cells elevates intracellular Ca²⁺ levels and stimulates ATP release, implicating carvacrol in gut physiology and signaling
*ATP↑,
*5LO↓, s, including the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), lipoxygenase(LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme
*COX2↓,
PGE2↓, arvacrol’s anti-inflammatory effects involve theinhibition of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production via COX-2
*hepatoP↑, Carvacrol in Hepatic Protection as Natural Antioxidant
*AntiAg↑, Carvacrol has demonstrated significant antiplatelet activity, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in preventing thrombosis
*Diar↓, s essentialoil exhibited antidiarrheal effects in castor oil-induced diarrhea models, potentially mediated bymechanisms involving Kv channel activation and Ca²⁺ channel inhibition
*cardioP↑, em as promising nutraceutical candidates for alleviatingCVD-related complicat
*other↝, Carvacrol was evaluated for its therapeutic potential in managing erectile dysfunction (ED)associated with aging
*chemoPv↑, Chemopreventive Potential of Carvacrol in Detoxification pathways
*cognitive↑, carvacrol(0.5–2 mg/kg) and thymol significantly improved cognitive function in rats
*AChE↓, potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 158.94 μg/mL)
*GastroP↑, . Gastroprotective Effects of Carvacrol and Mechanism
*eff↑, . When combined with polysorbate 80 as a surfactant, carvacrol was efficiently deliveredto embryonic tissues, maintaining bioavailability during the peri-hatching phase
*BChE↓, acrol. The essential oil rich in carvacrol showedstrong inhibitory effects on AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) [
*CRP↓, d Phase II clinical trial, asthmatic patients whoreceived 1.2 mg/kg/day of carvacrol for two months showed significant improvements in pulmonaryfunction tests and a notable reduction in C-reactive protein levek

6023- CGA,    Pharmacological advances of the chlorogenic acids family: current insights and future research directions
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, IBD, NA
*Aβ↓, chlorogenic acid can reduce Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease model mice by 37%, indicating its neuroprotective potential.
*neuroP↑,
*cardioP↑, Similarly, CGAs offer protection to the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and liver, while additionally preventing metabolic syndrome and displaying anticancer and antimicrobial capabilities.
*GastroP↑,
*RenoP↑,
*hepatoP↑,
*Obesity↓,
*Bacteria↓,
*BioAv↑, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, HQT in tomatoes significantly enhances CGA accumulation without significantly altering the levels of other soluble phenolic botanical drugs.
*BioAv↑, Mechanistic studies have shown that dietary fats (such as soybean oil and coconut oil) can significantly enhance the permeability of CGA in the Caco-2 monolayer by increasing cell membrane fluidity
*BioAv↑, Following oral administration of CGA, the acidic environment in the stomach helps maintain the structural stability of CGA, with approximately one-third of the dose entering the blood system through passive diffusion in the small intestine, while the
*ROS↓, CGA pretreatment markedly diminished ROS caused by PD toxins
*GutMicro↑, CGA works with the gut microbiota and its metabolites to alleviate post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS)
*IBI↑, CGA increases intestinal damage repair, decreases MCT-1 and TFF-3 expression, and suppresses NF-κB expression
*MCT1↓,
*NF-kB↓,
*DNMT1↓, Liver Cancer, DNMT1 protein expression↓

5904- TV,    Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Obesity, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*antiOx↑, shown to possess various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic and antitumor activities.
*ROS↓,
*Inflam↓,
*Bacteria↓,
AntiTum↑,
IronCh↑, chelation of metal ions
*HDL↑, antihyperlipidemic (via increasing the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol
*LDL↓,
*BioAv↝, videnced the presence of thymol in the stomach, intestine, and urine after its oral administration with sesame oil at a dose around 500 mg in rats and 1–3 g in rabbits.
*Half-Life↝, Oral administration of a single dose of thymol (50 mg/kg) was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated approximately within 24 h.The maximum concentration (Tmax) was reached after 30 min, while approximately 0.3 h was needed for the half-life
*BioAv↑, The rapid absorption of thymol indicates that it’s mainly absorbed in the upper component of the gut
*SOD↑, scavenging of free radicals by increasing the activities of several endogenous antioxidant enzymes levels viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)
*GPx↑,
*GSTs↑,
*eff↑, Thymol (0.02–0.20%) showed better antioxidant capacity than its isomer carvacrol in lipid systems due to its greater steric hindrance
radioP↑, Owing to its potent antioxidant potential, thymol showed radioprotective and anticlastogenic potential in gamma radiation induced Swiss albino mice
*MDA↓, Thymol supplementation increased the antioxidant status and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in broiler chickens
*other↑, Dietary supplementation with the combination of carvacrol–thymol (1:1) (100 mg/kg) reduced the occurrence of oxidative stress and the impairment of the intestinal barrier in weaning piglets by its potent antioxidant property
*COX1↓, by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), with the most active being against COX-1 with an IC50 value of 0.2 μM.
*COX2↓,
*AntiAg↑, Thymol (1.1 μg/ml) exhibited inhibitory effects against arachidonic-acid-induced blood coagulation and platelet aggregation in vitro
*RNS↓, Thymol inhibited ROS (IC50= 3 μg/ml), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (IC50= 4.7) and significantly reduced generation of NO and H2O2 as well as activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced oxidase (NADH oxi
*NO↓,
*H2O2↓,
*NOS2↓,
*NADH↓,
*Imm↑, Thymol (25–200 mg/kg) was shown to modulate the immune system in cyclosporine-A treated Swiss albino mice by enhancing the expressions of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4),
Apoptosis↑, anticancer actions of thymol include induction of apoptosis, anti-proliferation, inhibition of angiogenesis and migration
TumCP↓,
angioG↓,
TumCMig↓,
Ca+2↑, Intracellular Ca2+ overload
TumCCA↑, Cytotoxicity by stimulating cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase
DNAdam↑, DNA fragmentation, Bax protein expression, activation of caspase -9, -8 and -3 & concomitant PARP cleavage, AIF translocation
BAX↑,
Casp9↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp3↑,
cl‑PARP↑,
AIF↑,
i-ROS↑, intracellular ROS, depolarizing MMP, cytochrome-c release, cleavage of caspases, DNA fragmentation, activation of apaf-1,
MMP↓,
Cyt‑c↑,
APAF1↑,
Ca+2↑, In human glioblastoma cells, thymol (200–600 μM) produced a rise in (Ca2+)i levels
MMP9↓, diminished matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP9) and matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP2) production as well as protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) phosphorylation
MMP2↓,
PKCδ↓,
ERK↓,
H2O2↑, Thymol increased the production of ROS and mitochondrial H2O2 thereby depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential.
BAX↑, up-regulating Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression and down-regulating B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2)
Bcl-2↓,
DNAdam↑, Thymol (IC50= 497 and 266 mM) was shown to induce DNA damage by increasing the levels of lipid peroxidation products;
lipid-P↑,
ChemoSen↑, This study recommended the combination of thymol with various chemotherapeutic agents to minimize its toxicity on normal cells and to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment
chemoP↑,
*cardioP↑, significant increase in the activities of heart mitochondrial antioxidants (SOD, catalase, GPx, GSH)
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*GPx↑,
*GSH↑,
*BP↓, Thymol (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) administration decreased the blood pressure and heart rate of Wistar rats whereas thymol (5 mg/kg) attenuated blood pressure in rabbits
*AntiDiabetic↑, protective effects of thymol in metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and obesity
*Obesity↓,
RenoP↑, Thymol (20 mg/kg) was shown to inhibit cisplatin-induced renal injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in male adult Swiss Albino rats
*GastroP↑, This gastroprotective effect of thymol is believed to be due to increased mucus secretion
hepatoP↑, Thymol (150 mg/kg) showed to inhibit paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in mice by preventing the alterations in the activities of hepatic marker enzymes
*AChE↓, Thymol (EC50= 0.74 mg/mL) was shown to possess acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity but much less than its isomer carvacrol
*cognitive↑, Thymol (0.5–2 mg/kg) has been shown to inhibit cognitive impairments caused by increased Aβ levels or cholinergic hypofunction in Aβ
*BChE↓, whereas thymol (100 and 1000 μg/ml) also inhibited both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in a dose dependent manner
*other↓, Thymol (100 mg/kg) was shown to inhibit collagen induced arthritis by decreasing lipid peroxidation mediated oxidative stress by increasing the status of antioxidants in male Wistar rats
*BioAv↑, The encapsulation of thymol into methylcellulose microspheres by spray drying remarkably increases the bioavailability compared to free thymol


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 3 of 3

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 3

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

H2O2↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   i-ROS↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

IronCh↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   MMP↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 1,   BAX↑, 2,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 2,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

TumCCA↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ERK↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 2,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

PGE2↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiTum↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 32

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   H2O2↓, 1,   HDL↑, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   NADH↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   RNS↓, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   SOD↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

LDL↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

MCT1↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

TRPV3↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,   other↑, 1,   other↝, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNMT1↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   AntiAg↑, 2,   Ca+2↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GastroP↑, 3,   IBI↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2↓, 2,   CRP↓, 1,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

AChE↓, 2,   BChE↓, 2,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 6,   BioAv↝, 1,   eff↑, 2,   Half-Life↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BP↓, 1,   CRP↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   NOS2↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiDiabetic↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 3,   chemoPv↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 2,   Obesity↓, 2,   Pain↓, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 2,   Diar↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 56

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GastroP, GastroProtective
1 Carvacrol
1 Chlorogenic acid
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

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