Flav Cancer Research Results

Flav, flavonoids: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: Ingredient

Ingredient

Polyphenols are the broad chemical family. Flavonoids are one major subgroup within that family.

| Category                | Polyphenols                                                                    | Flavonoids                                                                  |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Scope                   | Broad umbrella term                                                            | Subclass of polyphenols                                                     |
| Main structural feature | One or more phenolic rings                                                     | Typically a 15-carbon C6–C3–C6 structure                                    |
| Includes                | Flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, tannins and related compounds  | Flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins and isoflavones |
| Examples                | Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin | Quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, EGCG, cyanidin, genistein        |
| Relationship            | All flavonoids are polyphenols                                                 | Not all polyphenols are flavonoids
|

Common Flavonoids and Their Potential Effects in Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease

Flavonoids are a major subclass of polyphenols found in fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, herbs, and legumes. Major subclasses include flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and isoflavones.

Flavonoid Subclass Common Sources Basic Potential Effect Against Cancer Basic Potential Effect in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Quercetin Flavonol Onions, apples, capers, berries, kale May induce apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest and inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB signalling. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-β toxicity, tau phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Kaempferol Flavonol Kale, spinach, broccoli, beans, tea May promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, PI3K/Akt, and inflammatory signalling. May reduce oxidative stress, microglial activation, amyloid toxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis.
Myricetin Flavonol Berries, grapes, tea, walnuts May inhibit proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and inflammatory signalling and promote apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. May inhibit amyloid-β aggregation, reduce oxidative injury, and support mitochondrial and neuronal function.
Fisetin Flavonol Strawberries, apples, persimmons, onions May induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, invasion, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. May support synaptic function and reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, senescent-cell burden, and memory impairment.
Isorhamnetin Flavonol Sea buckthorn, onions, pears, almonds May inhibit proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signalling while promoting apoptosis. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and amyloid-associated neuronal damage.
Rutin Flavonol glycoside Buckwheat, apples, citrus fruit, asparagus May inhibit oxidative damage, inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumour-cell migration. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid toxicity, cholinergic dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis.
Apigenin Flavone Parsley, celery, chamomile, oregano May induce apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest and inhibit NF-κB, STAT3, PI3K/Akt, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. May suppress microglial activation, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, amyloid toxicity, and tau-related abnormalities.
Luteolin Flavone Celery, parsley, peppers, thyme May inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, NF-κB, STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signalling and promote apoptosis. May reduce neuroinflammation, microglial activation, amyloid accumulation, tau phosphorylation, and oxidative damage.
Baicalein Flavone Chinese skullcap root May induce apoptosis, autophagy, and cell-cycle arrest and inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and PI3K/Akt signalling. May inhibit amyloid aggregation and reduce neuroinflammation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuronal injury.
Baicalin Flavone glycoside Chinese skullcap root May suppress proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, migration, and NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signalling. May reduce amyloid deposition, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis.
Chrysin Flavone Propolis, honey, passionflower May induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, NF-κB, STAT3, and PI3K/Akt signalling. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid toxicity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and memory impairment.
Hispidulin Flavone Artemisia, sage and other medicinal herbs May inhibit proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and STAT3 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling and promote apoptosis. May reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal excitotoxicity, and cognitive dysfunction in experimental models.
Naringenin Flavanone Grapefruit, oranges, tomatoes May inhibit proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt signalling and promote apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid accumulation, acetylcholinesterase activity, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Naringin Flavanone glycoside Grapefruit and other citrus fruits May suppress proliferation, inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis and promote apoptosis. May reduce amyloid toxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis.
Hesperetin Flavanone Oranges, lemons and other citrus fruits May inhibit proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and inflammatory signalling and induce apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. May protect mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid toxicity, and cognitive impairment.
Hesperidin Flavanone glycoside Orange and lemon peel and pulp May inhibit inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis and promote apoptosis in experimental cancer models. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid deposition, tau phosphorylation, and cholinergic dysfunction.
Eriodictyol Flavanone Citrus fruits, yerba santa, peppermint May suppress proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signalling and promote apoptosis. May activate Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defence and reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative injury, and amyloid toxicity.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Flavan-3-ol Green tea May inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, EGFR, DNMT, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt signalling and promote apoptosis. May inhibit or redirect amyloid-β aggregation, reduce tau phosphorylation and neuroinflammation, and support neuronal survival.
Epigallocatechin (EGC) Flavan-3-ol Green tea and white tea May reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling and inhibit proliferation and tumour-cell survival. May reduce oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, amyloid toxicity, and neuronal injury.
Epicatechin gallate (ECG) Flavan-3-ol Green tea May inhibit proliferation, inflammatory signalling, angiogenesis, and tumour-cell invasion. May inhibit amyloid aggregation and reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and synaptic injury.
Epicatechin Flavan-3-ol Cocoa, dark chocolate, tea, apples May reduce inflammation and oxidative injury and inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastatic signalling. May improve cerebral blood flow and synaptic plasticity and reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline.
Catechin Flavan-3-ol Tea, cocoa, grapes, apples May inhibit proliferation, oxidative DNA damage, angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumour-cell migration. May inhibit amyloid aggregation and reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial injury, and neuronal apoptosis.
Procyanidins Flavan-3-ol oligomers Grape seed, cocoa, apples, cranberries May inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, MMP activity, and inflammatory signalling and promote apoptosis. May reduce amyloid aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, synaptic damage, and cognitive impairment.
Cyanidin Anthocyanidin Berries, cherries, red cabbage, black rice May inhibit proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastatic signalling and promote apoptosis. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid toxicity, and synaptic dysfunction.
Cyanidin-3-glucoside Anthocyanin Blackberries, blueberries, cherries, black rice May suppress proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastatic signalling and promote apoptosis. May support memory and synaptic function and reduce amyloid toxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage.
Delphinidin Anthocyanidin Blueberries, blackcurrants, purple grapes May inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, EGFR, and inflammatory signalling and promote apoptosis. May reduce oxidative stress, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-associated neuronal injury.
Malvidin Anthocyanidin Blueberries, grapes, red wine May inhibit proliferation, inflammation, invasion, and oxidative damage and promote apoptosis. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid toxicity, and cognitive dysfunction.
Pelargonidin Anthocyanidin Strawberries, raspberries, red radish May inhibit proliferation and inflammatory signalling and promote apoptosis in experimental cancer models. May reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-associated damage, and neuronal apoptosis.
Genistein Isoflavone Soybeans, tofu, tempeh May inhibit tyrosine kinases, proliferation, angiogenesis, and hormone-dependent signalling and promote apoptosis. May reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and support mitochondrial and estrogen-receptor-mediated neuronal protection.
Daidzein Isoflavone Soybeans and other legumes May modulate estrogen receptors, inhibit proliferation and migration, and promote apoptosis in some hormone-responsive cancers. May provide estrogen-receptor-mediated neuroprotection and reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and cognitive dysfunction.
Glycitein Isoflavone Soybeans and soy products May modulate estrogen-receptor signalling and inhibit oxidative stress and proliferation; evidence is less extensive than for genistein. May provide antioxidant and estrogen-receptor-mediated neuronal protection, but AD-specific evidence remains limited.
Equol Isoflavonoid metabolite Gut-microbial metabolite of daidzein May modulate estrogen receptors and inhibit proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress; effects can depend on cancer type. May support neuronal antioxidant defence, mitochondrial function, cerebral circulation, and estrogen-receptor-mediated neuroprotection.

Major Flavonoid Subclasses

  • Flavonols: quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin and fisetin
  • Flavones: apigenin, luteolin, baicalein and chrysin
  • Flavanones: naringenin, hesperetin and eriodictyol
  • Flavan-3-ols: catechin, epicatechin and EGCG
  • Anthocyanidins: cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin and pelargonidin
  • Isoflavones: genistein, daidzein and glycitein

Frequently Modulated Cancer Targets and Pathways

NF-κB, STAT3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, EGFR, p53, BCL-2, BAX, caspases, cyclins, CDKs, VEGF, HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-9, Nrf2/HO-1, AMPK, autophagy, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis.

Frequently Modulated Alzheimer’s Disease Targets and Pathways

Amyloid-β aggregation, APP processing, BACE1, tau phosphorylation, GSK-3β, acetylcholinesterase, microglial activation, NF-κB, NLRP3, Nrf2/HO-1, SIRT1, AMPK, CREB/BDNF, mitochondrial function, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines.

Evidence note: Most reported anticancer and Alzheimer’s-related effects are derived from cell-culture and animal studies. Human efficacy has not been established for most individual flavonoids. Absorption, metabolism, gut-microbial conversion, dose, formulation, and blood–brain-barrier penetration can substantially affect biological activity. Flavonoids should not be considered substitutes for established cancer or Alzheimer’s disease treatments.



Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
6667- DFE,    Immunostimulant effect of dates (Phoenix dactylifera) on humoral and cellular immunity cells and their functions
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*Imm↑, *Inflam↓, *Flav↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 1 of 1

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Total Targets: 0

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,  

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

Flav↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 3

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Flav, flavonoids
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:1521  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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