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DIDO1 (death-inducer obliterator 1; DIO-1) is a nuclear regulatory
protein encoded by the DIDO1 gene and produced in several alternatively
spliced isoforms. DIDO1 was initially identified as an apoptosis-associated factor:
apoptotic stimuli increase its expression, promote its translocation from the cytoplasm
to the nucleus and can increase caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression or activation.
Overexpression of DIO-1 induced apoptosis in early cell models. However, DIDO1 also
participates in transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, stem-cell differentiation,
cell-cycle control and maintenance of genomic stability. Its role in cancer is therefore
context-dependent. In some malignancies, elevated DIDO1 supports proliferation,
migration, invasion or apoptosis resistance, and DIDO1 silencing suppresses tumour-cell
growth. In other contexts, loss or dysfunction of DIDO1 may contribute to genomic
instability and myeloid neoplasia. DIO-1 is an older protein
designation; the preferred official target name is DIDO1.
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