P-glycoprotein (P-gp), also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), is a membrane protein that plays a crucial role in the transport of various substances across cellular membranes. It is part of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family.
P-glycoprotein is often overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, and ovarian cancer.
- The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is widely considered as an important reason for the MDR (multidrug resistance).
ABCB1 - ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 / P-Glycoprotein
Abbreviation: ABCB1, P-gp, P-glycoprotein, MDR1
Type: ATP-dependent membrane efflux transporter / multidrug resistance protein
Function: ABCB1 encodes P-glycoprotein, an ATP-binding cassette transporter that exports a broad range of drugs, xenobiotics, lipids, and other substrates across cellular membranes. It is highly expressed in barrier tissues including the intestine, liver, kidney, placenta, and blood-brain barrier, where it limits tissue accumulation of potentially harmful compounds.
Cancer: ↑ Frequently overexpressed or functionally activated in drug-resistant tumors. Increased ABCB1 lowers intracellular concentrations of many anticancer agents by actively transporting them out of cancer cells, producing multidrug resistance and reducing chemotherapy effectiveness.
Alzheimer's Disease: ↓ Reduced ABCB1/P-glycoprotein expression or transport activity at the blood-brain barrier is associated with impaired amyloid-β clearance from the brain. Lower P-gp function correlates with increased cerebral Aβ accumulation and may contribute to Alzheimer's disease progression.
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