Bcl-2 Cancer Research Results

Bcl-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2: Click to Expand ⟱

Source: HalifaxProj (inhibit) CGL-Driver Genes

Type: Antiapoptotic Oncogene

The proteins of BCL-2 family are classified into three subgroups, i.e., the anti-apoptotic/pro-survival proteins represented by BCL-2 and BCL-XL, the pro-apoptotic proteins represented by BAX and Bak, and the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins represented by BAD and BID.
Since the expression of Bcl-2 protein in tumor cells is much higher than that in normal cells, inhibitors targeting it have little effect on normal cells.

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱

4438-

AgNPs,

ART/DHA,

Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs using Artemisia oliveriana extract and their biological activities for an effective treatment of lung cancer

in-vitro,

Lung,

A549

EPR↑, cellular uptake of the AgNPs results indicated that the AgNPs accumulated within the cell.
BAX↑, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 (CASP3), caspase-9 (CASP9)
Bcl-2↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp9↑,
DNAdam↑, apoptotic effects of the AgNPs through DNA fragmentation test, flow cytometry and cell cycle analysis indicated the induction of apoptosis in the A549 cell line.
TumCCA↑,
Apoptosis↑,

246-

AL,

Allicin induces apoptosis of the MGC-803 human gastric carcinoma cell line through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/caspase-3 signaling pathway

in-vitro,

GC,

MGC803

 0-10ug/ml

Apoptosis↑,
cl‑Casp3↑,
p38↑, In the present study, the protein expression levels of p38 were gradually enhanced in the MGC-803 cells, in response to treatment with 1 Î¼g/ml allicin for 48 h
tumCV↓,
BAX↑, Bax were increased nearly one-fold, whereas the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 level were decreased >35%.
Bcl-2↑,

3162-

Ash,

Molecular insights into cancer therapeutic effects of the dietary medicinal phytochemical withaferin A

Review,

Var,

lipid-P↓, Oral cancer 20 mg/Kg ↓Lipid peroxidation : ↑SOD, glutathione peroxidase, p53, Bcl-2
SOD↑,
GPx↑,
P53↑,
Bcl-2↑,
E6↓, Cervival cancer 8mg/Kg ↓E6, E7: ↑p53, pRb, Cyclin B1, P34 Cdc2, p21, PCNA
E7↓,
pRB↑,
CycB/CCNB1↑,
CDC2↑,
P21↑,
PCNA↓,
ALDH1A1↓, Mammary cancer 0-1 mg/mouse (5-10) ↓Mammosphere number, ALDH1 activity. Vimentin, glycolysis
Vim↓,
Glycolysis↓,
cMyc↓, Mesotheliome cancer 5 mg/Kg ↓Proteasomal chymotrypsin, C-Myc : ↑ Bax, CARP-1
BAX↑,
NF-kB↓,
Casp3↑, caspase-3 activation
CHOP/DDIT3↑, WA is found to increase activation of Elk1 and CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) by RSK, as well as up-regulation of DR5 by selectively suppressing pathway ERK
DR5↑,
ERK↓,
Wnt↓, WA inhibits Wnt/Î²-catenin pathway via suppression of AKT signalling, which inhibits cancer cell motility and sensitises for cell death
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
Akt↓,
HSP90↓, WA-dependent inhibition of heat shock protein (HSP) chaperone functions. WA inhibits the activity of HSP90-mediated function

2629-

Ba,

Baicalein, a Component of Scutellaria baicalensis, Attenuates Kidney Injury Induced by Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

in-vivo,

Nor,

Rats, Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, induced by a 40-minute occlusion and a 3-hour reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery

*RenoP↑, Intravenous pretreatment with baicalein (in doses of 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg), however, significantly reduced the increases in the creatinine level, renal histological damage, and apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
*Apoptosis↓,
*TNF-α↓, In addition, the increases in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6, and of tumor necrosis factor-α in the kidneys were significantly reduced
*IL1↓,
*Bcl-2↑, Western blot analysis revealed that baicalein significantly increased Bcl-2 and reduced Bax in the kidneys
*BAX↓,
*Akt↑, inhibition of apoptosis, possibly through the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α production, the modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax, and the activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2.

5633-

BCA,

Mechanisms Behind the Pharmacological Application of Biochanin-A: A review

Review,

Var,

Review,

AD,

*AntiDiabetic↑, Through modulating oxidative stress, SIRT-1 expression, PPAR gamma receptors, and other multiple mechanisms biochanin-A produces anti-diabetic action.
*neuroP↑, Biochanin-A has been shown to have a potential neuroprotective impact by modulating multiple critical neurological pathways.
*toxicity↓, Unlike chemical agents such as chemotherapeutic agents, isoflavones have shown zero toxicity to humans
*CYP19↓, Biochanin-A inhibits CYP19 and negatively affects the synthesis of oestrogen in the body which enhances the anti-oestrogenic property in hormone-influenced cancer such as prostate cancer and breast cancer
p‑Akt↓, Biochanin-A inhibits Akt phosphorylation thereby downregulates mTOR signals and disrupts the cell cycle.
mTOR↓,
TumCCA↑,
P21↑, Biochanin-A cause apoptosis in lung cancer by increasing p21, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 levels. It lowers E-cadherin and blocks metastasis.
Casp3↑,
Bcl-2↑,
Apoptosis↑,
E-cadherin↓,
TumMeta↓,
eff↑, The synergism of biochanin-A with 5-fluorouracil evidenced in Caco-2 and HCT-116 cell lines indicates the modulatory influence of biochanin-A in colon cancer treatment.
GSK‐3β↓, It blocked the “Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation and boosted the degradation of β-catenin” ( Mahmoud et al., 2017).
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
RadioS↑, Biochanin-A when combined with gamma radiation on HT29 cells, which is resistant to radiation, had revealed a reduction in cell proliferation.
ROS↑, Raised levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation, MMP, caspase-3 have been observed more in the treatment group with significant apoptosis
Casp1↑,
MMP2↓, biochanin-A influenced the tumour invasion capacity by lowering matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP 2 and MMP 9) tested in U87MG cells
MMP9↓,
EGFR↓, Biochanin-A by lowering EGFR, p-ERK (Extracellular signal related kinases), p-AKT (Protein kinase-B), c-myc, and MT-MMP1 (Membrane type matrix metalloproteinase) activation, inhibited cell survival.
ChemoSen↑, Biochanin-A synergistically improved temozolomide anti-cancer ability in GBM
PI3K↓, Cell signalling pathways MAP kinase, PI3 kinase, mTOR, matrix metalloproteases, hypoxia-inducible factor, and VEGF were inhibited by biochanin-A, making it suitable in treating GBM
MMPs↓,
Hif1a↓,
VEGF↓,
*ROS↓, anti-diabetic mechanism of biochanin-A is by decreasing oxidative stress
*Obesity↓, strongly suggest that biochanin-A has therapeutic potential in the treatment of obesity and the prevention of cardiovascular disease
*cardioP↑,
*NRF2↑, Biochanin-A up-regulated the Nrf-2 pathway while suppressing the NF-κB cascade,
*NF-kB↓, By activating the Nrf-2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB activation, biochanin-A may reduce obesity and its related cardiomyopathy by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation
*Inflam↓,
*lipid-P↓, cardio-protective effects by controlling lipid peroxidation
*hepatoP↑, biochanin-A influence the elevated hepatic enzyme level, such as AST, ALP, ALT, bilirubin, etc., and found to be a promising molecule in hepatotoxicity models
*AST↓,
*ALP↓,
*Bacteria↓, The results indicate that biochanin-A may be an effective alternate to antibiotics for alleviating SARA in cattles
*neuroP↑, the neuroprotective effects of biochanin-A might be attributed to the activation of the Nrf2 pathway and suppression of the NF-κB pathway
*SOD↑, Biochanin-A reduced oxidative stress in the brain by augmenting SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) and repressing MDA (malondialdehyde) levels.
*GPx↑,
*AChE↓, Acetylcholinesterase activity was found decreased in a dose-reliant manner amongst biochanin-A treated animals
*BACE/β-secretase↓, Biochanin-A non-competitively inhibited BACE1 with an IC 50 value of 28 μM.
*memory↑, estore learning and memory deficits in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
*BioAv↓, The bioavailability of biochanin-A is poor.

5636-

BCA,

Biochanin A Induces S Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells

vitro+vivo,

Lung,

A549

tumCV↓, Biochanin A decreased cell viability in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner and suppressed colony formation in A549 and 95D cells.
TumCCA↑, Biochanin A induced S phase arrest and apoptosis and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in A549 and 95D cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Apoptosis↑,
MMP↓,
TumCG↓, Our results of subcutaneous xenograft models showed that the growth of Biochanin A group was significantly inhibited compared with that of control groups.
P21↑, Finally, P21, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 were activated in Biochanin A-treated cells and Biochanin A-treated xenografts
Casp3↑,
Bcl-2↑,

2733-

BetA,

Betulinic Acid Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Modulating ROS-Regulated p53 Signaling

in-vitro,

Oral,

12.5–100 μM BA for 24–72 h

in-vivo,

NA,

BA against OSCC in implanted mice in vivo

TumCP↓, BA dose-dependently inhibited KB cell proliferation and decreased implanted tumor volume.
TumVol↓,
mt-Apoptosis↑, BA significantly promoted mitochondrial apoptosis, as reflected by an increase in TUNEL+ cells and the activities of caspases 3 and 9, an increase in Bax expression, and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression and the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate.
Casp3↑,
Casp9↑,
BAX↑,
Bcl-2↑,
OCR↓, BA dose-dependently decreased the oxygen consumption rate, indicating that BA induced a significant mitochondrial dysfunction
TumCCA↑, BA significantly increased cell population in the G0/G1 phase and decreases the S phase cell number, indicating the occurrence of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.
ROS↑, ROS generation was significantly increased by BA
eff↓, and antioxidant NAC treatment markedly inhibited the effect of BA on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and proliferation.
P53↑, BA dose-dependently increased p53 expression in KB cells and implanted tumors.
STAT3↓, Inhibition of STAT3 Signaling Is Involved in BA-Induced Suppression of Cell Proliferation
cycD1/CCND1↑, We found that BA mainly increased the mRNA expression of cyclin D1 but had no significant effect on cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4, or CDK6 expression.

1448-

Bos,

A triterpenediol from Boswellia serrata induces apoptosis through both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in human leukemia HL-60 cells

in-vitro,

AML,

HL-60

12ug/ml

TumCP↓,
Apoptosis↑,
ROS↑, initial events involved massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) formation
NO↑,
cl‑Bcl-2↑,
BAX↑, translocation of Bax to mitochondria
MMP↓, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential
Cyt‑c↑, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol
AIF↑, release to the cytosol
Diablo↑, release to the cytosol
survivin↓,
ICAD↓,
Casp↑,
cl‑PARP↑,
DR4↑,
TNFR 1↑,

6542-

BSB,

Health Benefits, Pharmacological Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of α-Bisabolol

Review,

Var,

Review,

Park,

Review,

AD,

AntiCan↑, Numerous experimental studies demonstrated pharmacological properties of α-Bisabolol including anticancer, antinociceptive, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antimicrobial.
*neuroP↑,
*cardioP↑,
*AntiBio↑,
*BioAv↑, Given the polypharmacological effects and pleiotropic properties, along with favorable pharmacokinetics, and dietary availability and safety, α-Bisabolol can be used as a dietary agent, nutraceutical or phytopharmaceutical agent or as an adjuvant wit
*toxicity↓,
*BioAv↑, integrated in many cosmetic formulations due to its skin soothing effects, well documented dermal absorption
*motorD↑, improvement in locomotor activity, a reduction in the expression of thiol and a reinstate of the activity of mitochondrial complex-I.
*SOD↑, α-Bisabolol also increased the mRNA level of antioxidants proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the keap1 gene product.
*Catalase↑,
*Keap1↑,
*MDA↓, α-Bisabolol attenuated oxidative insult by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), restoring depleted glutathione (GSH) and improving SOD and CAT activity.
*GSH↑,
*IL1β↓, attenuated neuroinflammation by reducing glial cells activation and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and mediators (iNOS and COX-2).
*IL6↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*iNOS↓,
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*lipid-P↓, α-Bisabolol restored mitochondrial function by preventing mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, cytochrome-C release and most importantly preserving Complex-I activity
*Cyt‑c↓,
*ROS↓, The study concluded that α-Bisabolol safeguarded against the induced upsurge of ROS and nitrite.
*MMP↑, α-Bisabolol treatment also restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) validating its antioxidant effect.
*antiOx↑,
*AChE↓, showed a significant reduction in AChE activity and an ability to avert Ach depletion.
*Apoptosis↓, α-Bisabolol protected cells from Aβ triggered apoptosis by reducing Bax and Caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 activity.
*BAX↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*BACE/β-secretase↓, α-Bisabolol inhibitory activity on BACE1 and found a decrease in BACE1 activity following α-Bisabolol treatment
*BChE↓, AChE, BuChE, β-secretase actions were decreased significantly in cells pretreated with α-Bisabolol
*eff↑, The compound clearly illustrated a potent anti-AchE activity of 95.869% similar to the activity of donepezil, a standard drug. I
*Aβ↓, The compound also disaggregated Aβ25–35 peptide and protected against its induced toxicity by increasing neuro2a cells viability [
*ATP↑, figure 2
RadioS↑, α-Bisabolol and Anticancer Effects, figure 3
Cyt‑c↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp9↑,
Apoptosis↑,
PARP↑,
BAX↑,
BID↑,
NF-kB↑,
Fas↑,
EGFR↑,
TIMP2↑,
XIAP↓,
COX2/PTGS2↓,
Bak↓,
Bcl-2↓,
P53↑, The expression of p53 (a transcription factors whose products might lead to apoptosis), NF-κB and Fas was increased following α-Bisabolol treatment, indicating their function in mediating α-Bisabolol-induced apoptosis in the cancer cell line.
HER2/EBBR2↓,
FGF↓,
CEA↓,
Akt↓,
TumCCA↑, α-Bisabolol suppresses the cellular proliferation at G2/M cell cycle phase.
*Imm↑, reported that α-Bisabolol boosted the immunity response by T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) supplementation in treated mice.
*CD4+↑,
*CD8+↑,
*BBB↑, ↑ BBB penetration
*Pain↓, α-Bisabolol based mouthwash to that of chlorhexidine in reducing pain during brushing
*cardioP↑, α-Bisabolol and Cardioprotection, figure 5
*TBARS↓, rats co-treated with α-Bisabolol showed reduced LOOH and TBARS and increased SOD, CAT and GSH.
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*GSH↑,
*AntiBio↑, α-Bisabolol demonstrated an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as a synergism against S. aureus, when combined with the antibiotic norfloxacin and against E. coli when combined with
*AntiFungal↑, ↓ fungal growth
*GastroP↑, α-Bisabolol and Gastroprotection. oral administration of α-Bisabolol was realized to attenuate gastric damage and to provide cytoprotection in stomach.
*RenoP↑, The nephroprotective effects of α-Bisabolol and the underlying mechanisms are summarized in Table 10.
*creat↓, ↓ creatinine, urea, uric acid
*uricA↓,
*Inflam↓, Anti-Inflammatory Effects of α-Bisabolol
*iNOS↓, ↓ iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, p65 PGE2, nitrite, IL-6, ↓ MMP13
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*IL6↑,
*MMP13↓,

6553-

BSB,

Pharmacological and biological effects of alpha-bisabolol: An updated review of the molecular mechanisms

Review,

Nor,

*ROS↓, Various therapeutic and biological properties of α-bisabolol in preventing oxidative stress, inflammatory disorders, infections, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders have been reported.
*Inflam↓,
*Inf↓,
*neuroP↑,
*RNS↓, The antioxidant mechanism of α-bisabolol is mainly associated with the reduction of ROS/RNS, MDA, and GSH depletion, MPO activity, and augmentation of SOD and CAT.
*MDA↓,
*GSH↑,
*MPO↓,
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*Bcl-2↑, upregulating the expression of bcl-2 and suppression of bax, P53, APAF-1, caspase-3, and caspase-9 activity indicates the anti-apoptotic effects of α- bisabolol.
*BAX↓,
*P53↓,
*APAF1↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Casp9↓,
*TNF-α↓, It possesses anti-inflammatory effects via reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 and suppresses the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, NF-κB, and p38.
*IL1β↓,
*IL6↓,
*iNOS↓,
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*ERK↓,
*JNK↓,
*NF-kB↓,
*p38↓,
*cognitive↑, improves cognitive function via downregulation of bax, cleaved caspases-3 and 9 levels, β-secretase, cholinesterase activities, and upregulation of bcl-2 levels.
*BChE↓,

5201-

CAP,

Inhibiting ROS-STAT3-dependent autophagy enhanced capsaicin-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

NA,

HCC,

HepG2

50, 100 and 200μmol/L) for 6, 12, and 24 h.

AntiCan↓, Capsaicin, which is the pungent ingredient of red hot chili peppers, has been reported to possess anticancer activity, including that against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Apoptosis↑, Capsaicin can induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
cl‑PARP↑, The expression levels of CL-PARP and Bcl-2 were significantly increased.
Bcl-2↑,
TumAuto↑, capsaicin can trigger autophagy in HepG2 cells.
LC3II↑, Capsaicin increased LC3-II and beclin-1 expression and GFP-LC3-positive autophagosomes.
eff↑, Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy further sensitized HepG2 cells to capsaicin-induced apoptosis.
STAT3↑, capsaicin upregulated the Stat3 activity which contributed to autophagy
ROS↑, capsaicin triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in hepatoma cells
eff↓, and that the levels of ROS decreased with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger.

6650-

Cen,

Therapeutic Potential of Centella asiatica and Its Triterpenes: A Review

Review,

AD,

*BioAv↝, madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and asiatic acid are widely distributed in the body and madecassoside, asiaticoside may exert their biological activity through converted into aglycone (madecassic acid, and asiatic acid).
*BioAv↝, C. asiatica enhances the function of the nervous system. It dissolves in methanol, ethanol, and water.
*MDA↓, Male Wistar rats – MDA ↓, GSH ↑, SOD ↑, AChE↓
*GSH↑,
*SOD↑,
*AChE↓,
*memory↑, Male SD rats; hippocampal cell – Spatial working memory↑, Ki-67 cells↑
*Ki-67↑,
*Catalase↑, Male SD rats MAPK SOD↑, LPO↑, CAT↑, GSH↑, dopamine↑, glutamate↑, Syn1↑, Stx1A↑, PI3K↑, PDK1↑, PEBP↓, VMAT2↑, TH ↑, MAPK ↑, BDNF↑, NGF↑
*PI3K↑,
*BDNF↑,
*NGF↑,
*ROS↓, Water extract of CA Tg2576 mice – ROS↓, NRF2↑, GCLC↑, HMOX1↑, NQO1↑, ATP↑, Mt-ND1↑, Mt-ATP6↑, Mt-CO1↑, Mt-CYB↑, oxygen consumption rate↑
*NRF2↑,
*HO-1↑,
*NQO1↑,
*ATP↑,
*OCR↑,
*TNF-α↓, Ethanolic extract of CA Male SD rats – TNF-α↓, BDNF↑
*PP2A↑, Ethanolic extract of CA Male albino Wistar rats PP2A/GSK-3B PP2A↑, GSK-3B↓, Bcl-2↑
*GSK‐3β↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*TrkB↑, Standardized extract of CA Male Wistar rats – NR2A↑, NR2B↑, BDNF↑,TrkB↑
*NOTCH1↑, Asiatic acid Male SD rats – Notch1↑, SOX2↑, DCX↑, Nrf2↑, nestin↑, p21 positive cells↓, MDA↓
*SOX2↑,
*Nestin↑,
*MDA↓,
*MAOA↓, Asiaticoside-D Worms – MAO-A↓, MAO-B↓
*MAOB↓,
*GPx↑, Previous studies found that C. asiatica and its triterpenoids could effectively increase SOD and GPX activities, activate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, improve the cognitive impairment of animals,
*cognitive↑,
*ROS↓, C. asiatica and its triterpenoids could reduce ROS production
*neuroP↑, they reduced related nerve cell apoptosis, increased synaptic density, and improved the survival rate of neural cells
*glucose↓, Methanol extract of CA Male SD rats – Blood glucose ↓, food and water intake ↓, ALT↓, AST↓, PFK ↑, GS ↑, GP↑, glycogen content ↑
*ALAT↓,
*AST↓,
*PFK↓,
*Weight↓, inhibit weight gain
*Inflam↓, (4) ameliorate inflammation,
*AntiDiabetic↑, C. asiatica extract and related components (asiatic acid, madecassoside) for the treatment of endocrine diseases such as diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis are excellent.
*Obesity↓,
*Wound Healing↑, The C. asiatica extract and its triterpenoids had certain therapeutic and relieving effects on acne, baldness, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, and wounds. C. asiatica extract can effectively promote wound healing in diabetic patients
*cardioP↑, C. asiatica has a positive effect on cardiovascular diseases.
*GutMicro↑, C. asiatica and its triterpenoids also have therapeutic effects on digestive disorders, which is mainly reflected by improved liver fibrosis, colitis, and gastric mucosal damage; and even reduced Helicobacter pylori gastric colonization
*Sepsis↓, Asiatic acid can improve the side effects caused by antibiotics, reverse multidrug resistance (MDR), and reduce sepsis.
*BioAv↑, C. asiatica cream containing 5.12% asiaticoside and 5.1% madecassoside can be completely absorbed by the skin and effectively improve pigmentation and may be used in treating hypertrophic scars

6068-

CHL,

Dietary chlorophyllin inhibits the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway and induces intrinsic apoptosis in a hamster model of oral oncogenesis

in-vivo,

Oral,

hamster

NF-kB↓, Dietary administration of chlorophyllin (4 mg/kg bw) suppressed the development of HBP carcinomas by inhibiting the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway by downregulating IKKβ, preventing the phosphorylation of IκB-α, and reducing NF-κB
IKKα↓,
Apoptosis↓, Inactivation of NF-κB signaling by chlorophyllin was associated with the induction of intrinsic apoptosis as evidenced by modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins
Bcl-2↑,
survivin↓, enforced nuclear localization of survivin, upregulation of apoptogenic molecules, activation of caspases, and cleavage of PARP.
Casp↑,
cl‑PARP↑,

2807-

CHr,

Evidence-based mechanistic role of chrysin towards protection of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats

in-vivo,

Nor,

Wistar rats

*antiOx↑, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic
Inflam↓,
*cardioP↑, Pre-treatment with chrysin of 60 mg/kg reversed the ISO-induced damage to myocardium and prevent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through various anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic pathways
*GSH↑, CHY at the highest dose (60 mg/kg) significantly bolstered the antioxidant status :GSH, SOD and CAT
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*GAPDH↑, significant increase in GAPDH levels was observed in CHYP group in comparison with normal group
*BAX↓, Decrease in apoptotic (Bax), increase in anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2)
*Bcl-2↑,
*PARP↓, expression of downstream signalling proteins, that is, PARP, cytochrome-C and caspase-3 were following the similar pattern. however at CHY 60 mg/kg treatment group, the levels were remarkably (P < 0·001) reduced.
*Cyt‑c↓,
*Casp3↓,
*NOX4↓, Whereas, lower levels of Nox-4 and higher levels of Nrf-2, HO-1 and HSP-70 were observed in CHYP group
*NRF2↑,
*HO-1↑,
*HSP70/HSPA5↑,

6623-

Cic,

MTX,

Chicoric acid prevents methotrexate hepatotoxicity via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation and up-regulation of PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling

in-vivo,

Nor,

rats

*antiOx↑, Chicoric acid (CA) is a natural antioxidant with promising hepatoprotective activity.
*hepatoP↑,
*ROS↓, Pre-treatment with CA suppressed reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidants in MTX-induced rats.
*lipid-P↓,
*TAC↑,
*NRF2↑, CA upregulated hepatic Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, and PPARγ, and attenuated inflammation.
*HO-1↑,
*NQO1↑,
*PPARγ↑,
*Inflam↓,
*Apoptosis↓, CA inhibited apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 expression and suppressing Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 in MTX-administered rats.
*Bcl-2↑,
*BAX↓,
*Cyt‑c↓,
*Casp3↓,

6141-

Cin,

The role and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde in cancer

Review,

Var,

Apoptosis↑, Cinnamaldehyde has diverse anti-cancer mechanisms, including inducing apoptosis by activating caspases and damaging mitochondrial function, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, anti-proliferation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.
Casp↑,
mtDam↑,
angioG↓,
TumCP↓,
*Inflam↓,
*antiOx↑,
*ROS↓, In addition, cinnamaldehyde also acts as a reactive oxygen species scavenger, reducing oxidative stress and preventing DNA damage and genomic instability.
*DNAdam↓,
ROS↑, studies have shown that CA can enhance intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction
*Bcl-2↑, CA exhibits a noteworthy upregulation of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) expression (a marker of antiapoptosis), while simultaneously downregulating Bax expression
*BAX↓,
*NF-kB↓, CA has been found to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)
ChemoSen↑, CA enhances the effectiveness of oxaliplatin by promoting apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo
ICAM-1↓, CA down-regulated the expression of adhesion molecules Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)
VCAM-1↓,
PI3K↓, CA downregulates various components of the p PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in oral cancer cell lines
Akt↓,
mTOR↓,
BioAv↝, he estimated oral bioavailability of CA was found to be less than 20% for both the 250 and 500 mg/kg doses

3630-

Cro,

Crocin Improves Cognitive Behavior in Rats with Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis

in-vivo,

AD,

Rats

*memory↑, learning and memory abilities of AD rats were significantly decreased, which was significantly rescued by resveratrol and crocin.
*Bcl-2↑, Bcl2 in PFC and hippo of AD model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), while those of Bax, Caspase3, GRP78, and CHOP were significantly increased .Resveratrol and crocin could significantly reverse
*BAX↓,
*Casp3↓,
*GRP78/BiP↓,
*CHOP/DDIT3↓,
*Dose↝, We also reported that the higher dose (40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) of crocin performed significantly better than lower dose (20 mg/kg), but no difference was found between 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg crocin

6531-

CRV,

D-carvone attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in rats

in-vivo,

Nor,

10 or 20 mg/kg D-carvone

Rats

*TRAF1↓, upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (TLR4, IL-1β, TNF-α), and oxidative stress (increased MDA, decreased GSH and SOD). Treatment with D-carvone at both doses significantly attenuated these changes.
*IL1β↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*ROS↓,
*MDA↓,
*GSH↑,
*SOD↑,
*Inflam↓, D-carvone downregulated pro-inflammatory markers, upregulated anti-inflammatory (NRF2) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8) in lung tissues
*NRF2↑,
*Bcl-2↑,
*IL8↓,
*antiOx↑, D-carvone protects against LPS-induced ALI in rats, possibly through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

7423-

CS,

Prophylactic effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf and flower hydroethanolic extracts against diethylnitrosamine/acetylaminoflourene-induced lung cancer in Wistar rats

in-vivo,

Nor,

rats (DEN) and AAF induced

*lipid-P↓, significant reduction in lung lipid peroxidation, with resultant elevation in antioxidant enzymatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase as well as glutathione content in DEN/A
*GSTs↑,
*GPx↑,
*GSR↑,
*SOD↑,
*P53↑, The lung tumor suppressor protein (p53) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA expression significantly increased in the rats treated with ALE and AFE.
*Bcl-2↑,
*ROS↓, via suppression of oxidative stress and improved apoptotic signal induction.

3576-

CUR,

Protective Effects of Indian Spice Curcumin Against Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease

Review,

AD,

*Inflam↓, known to have protective effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-arthritis, pro-healing, and boosting memory cognitive functions.
*antiOx↑,
*memory↑,
*Aβ↓, curcumin prevents Aβ aggregation and crosses the blood-brain barrier,
*BBB↑,
*cognitive↑, curcumin ameliorates cognitive decline and improves synaptic functions in mouse models of AD
*tau↓, curcumin's effect on inhibition of A and tau,copper binding ability, cholesterol lowering ability, anti-inflammatory and modulation of microglia, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, antioxidant properties,
*LDL↓,
*AChE↓,
*IL1β↓, Curcumin reduced the levels of oxidized proteins and IL1B in the brains of APP mice
*IronCh↑, Curcumin binds to redox-active metals, iron and copper
*neuroP↑, Curcumin, a neuroprotective agent, has poor brain bioavailability.
*BioAv↝,
*PI3K↑, They found that curcumin significantly upregulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1, and ferritin expression
*Akt↑,
*NRF2↑,
*HO-1↑,
*Ferritin↑,
*HO-2↓, and that it significantly downregulates heme oxygenase 2, ROS, and A40/42 expression.
*ROS↓,
*Ach↑, significant increase in brain ACh, glutathione, paraoxenase, and BCL2 levels with respect to untreated group associated with significant decrease in brain AChE activity,
*GSH↑,
*Bcl-2↑,
*ChAT↑, nvestigation revealed that the selected treatments caused marked increase in ChAT positive cells.

6780-

EGCG,

The pharmacological activity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on Alzheimer's disease animal model: A systematic review

Review,

AD,

*neuroP↑, Regulation of α-, β-, γ-secretase activity, inhibition of tau phosphorylation, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and inhibition of AchE activity are reported as the main neuroprotective mechanisms.
*tau↓,
*antiOx↑,
*Inflam↓,
*Apoptosis↓,
*AChE↓,
*TNF-α↓, Inhibiting TNF-α/JNK pathway
*JNK↓,
*NGF↑, Increasing the level of NGF. EGCG (2 mg/kg) mouse
*SOD↑, figure 7
*GPx↑, EGCG enhanced the activity of T-SOD and GSH-Px and reduced MDA content in the hippocampus.
*MDA↓,
*NO↓,
*ROS↓,
*iNOS↓,
*COX2/PTGS2↓, anti apoptosis
*BAX↓, EGCG prevented LPS-induced elevation of GFAP, iNOS, and COX-2.
*CHOP/DDIT3↓,
*GRP78/BiP↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*Dose↑, The highest safe dose for more than a month of treatment allowed by FDA is 800 mg of EGCG daily with food.
*BioAv↑, In preclinical and phase I clinical trials, it has been shown that bioavailability of EGCG is increased when it is consumed on a fasting basis.
*hepatoP↓, However, the rate of hepatotoxicity is also increased

6828-

EMD,

Neuroprotective effect of emodin against Alzheimer's disease via Nrf2 signaling in U251 cells and APP/PS1 mice

in-vitro,

AD,

U251

*MMP↑, emodin ameliorated the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species, enhanced the expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haemeoxygenase-1, superoxide
*ROS↓,
*NRF2↑,
*HO-1↑,
*SOD↑, superoxide dismutase 1, Bcl-2 and catalase in addition to decreasing the expression levels of Bax.
*Bcl-2↑,
*Catalase↑,
*BAX↓,
*memory↑, In APP/PS1 mice, an 8-week course of emodin administration improved spatial memory and learning ability and decreased anxiety.
*ANXi↓,
*Aβ↓, decreased the deposition of Aβ, phosphorylated-τ and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in APP/PS1 mice
*antiOx↑, In addition, emodin exhibits antioxidative effects: In viral myocarditis, emodin alleviates oxidative stress by increasing myocardial SOD expression levels whilst decreasing malondialdehyde expression levels
*MDA↓,

6829-

EMD,

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug

*diuretic↑, diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects.
*Bacteria↓,
*AntiViral↑,
*Inflam↓,
AntiCan↑,
*cardioP↑, timely overview of emodin related to the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
*NF-kB↓, graphic abstract Immunomoduation
*TNF-α↓,
*IL1β↓,
*NO↑,
*eNOS↑,
*PPARγ↑,
*Casp9↓, anti-apoptosis
*Casp3↓,
*GSDMD↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*STAT3↑,
*ATP↑, anti-oxidant
*SOD↑,
*GSH↑,
*HDAC2↓, anti cardiac hypertrophy
*SIRT3↑,
ROS↑, anti-proliferative
PCNA↓,
P53↑,
cMyc↓,

6977-

Form,

Differential ability of formononetin to stimulate proliferation of endothelial cells and breast cancer cells via a feedback loop involving MicroRNA-375, RASD1, and ERα

in-vitro,

BC,

MCF7

in-vitro,

BC,

BT474

in-vitro,

BC,

MDA-MB-231

in-vitro,

Nor,

HUVECs

*Apoptosis↓, low concentrations of formononetin induced proliferation and inhibited apoptosis more strongly in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) than in breast cancer cells expressing estrogen receptor α (ERα) (MCF-7, BT474) or not (MDA-MB-
miR-375↝, For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of a feedback loop involving miR-375, ras dexamethasone-induced 1 (RASD1), and ERα in normal HUVECs, and we show that formononetin stimulated this feedback loop in HUVECs but not in MCF-7 or BT474 cells
p‑Akt↑, In all three cell lines, formononetin increased Akt phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression.
Bcl-2↑,

3723-

GBE,

Can We Use Ginkgo biloba Extract to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease? Lessons from Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Review,

AD,

*memory↑, GBE displayed generally consistent anti-AD effects in animal experiments, and it might improve AD symptoms in early-stage AD patients after high doses and long-term administration.
*antiOx↑, Antioxidant properties
*Casp3↓, ↓caspase-3
*APP↓, ↓APP
*AChE↓, ↓AChE activity
*Aβ↓, ↓Aβ oligomers
*5HT↑, ↑5-HT in the striatum
*SOD↓, ↓SOD ↓MDA ↓NO
*MDA↓,
*NO↓,
*GSH↑, ↓SOD ↑GSH ↓MDA
*Bcl-2↑, ↑Bcl-2 ↓Bax
*BAX↑,
*TNF-α↓, ↓TNF-α, IL-1β, ccl-2, iNOS, and IL-10
*IL1β↑,
*iNOS↓,
*IL10↓,
*p‑tau↓, ↓tau phosphorylation
*ROS↓, ↓ROS
*MAOB↓, ↓MAO-B enzyme activity
*cognitive↑, A total of 819 patients who had been diagnosed with AD, or that had AD-like symptoms, received lower SKT scores after GBE treatment for 12 to 24 weeks
*neuroP↑, Neuroprotective Mechanism Analysis
*Apoptosis↓, GBE Inhibits Cell Apoptosis

7275-

GGB,

Protective Effect of Ginkgolide B against Cognitive Impairment in Mice via Regulation of Gut Microbiota

in-vivo,

AD,

Male mice were induced with d-galactose and aluminum chloride to establish an AD animal model

*cognitive↑, Our results showed that GB significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and neuropathological changes in AD model mice
*neuroP↑,
*RAGE↓, Moreover, GB treatment remarkably reduced the levels of RAGE and Bax and increased the level of Bcl-2 in AD model mice.
*BAX↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*GutMicro↑, GB treatment reversed the decreased abundance of Lactobacillus and the increased abundance of Bacteroidales, Muribaculaceae, and Alloprevotella, which led to reconstruction of gut microbiota.

7277-

GGB,

Ginkgolide B inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and attenuates cytotoxicity via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in H9c2 cells

in-vitro,

Nor,

H9c2

*cardioP↑, GB protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis in H9c2 cardiac cells
*Bcl-2↑, GB upregulated the expression level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in hydrogen peroxide-treated H9c2 cells.
*cl‑Casp3↓,
*BAX↓,
*PI3K↑, GB pretreatment activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and caused an increase in the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR in hydrogen peroxide-treated H9c2 cells.
*Akt↑,
*mTOR↑,

7279-

GGB,

Rad,

Radioprotective effect of Ginkgolide B on brain: the mediating role of DCC/MST1 signaling

in-vivo,

Nor,

 C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with an X-ray (20 Gy) to establish an RBI model.

*cognitive↑, X-ray-treated mice exhibited cognitive impairment and depression-like behavior, which was ameliorated by GB treatment.
*radioP↑,
*ROS↓, GB also reduced the ROS production and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus
*p‑Akt↑, GB increased the protein levels of p-AKT and Bcl2, while decreased the protein levels of MST1, p-p38, p-JNK, cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax both in vivo and in vitro.
*Bcl-2↑,
*Mst1↓,
*p‑p38↓,
*JNK↓,
*cl‑Casp3↓,
*BAX↓,

7138-

GI,

6-Shogaol exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects through the modulation of STAT3 and MAPKs signaling pathways

vitro+vivo,

BC,

MDA-MB-231

in-vitro,

Pca,

DU145

in-vitro,

Liver,

HepG2

in-vitro,

Lung,

A549

TumCP↓, 6-shogaol (6SG), one of active ingredients in ginger (Zingiber officinale), is known to exhibit anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, and pro-apoptotic activities through a mechanism that is not fully elucidated
TumMeta↓,
p‑STAT3↓, We found that 6SG strongly inhibited constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 through inhibition of the activation of upstream JAK2 and c-Src kinases and nuclear translocation of STAT3 on both MDA-MB231 and DU145 cells.
JAK2↓,
cSrc↓,
JNK↑, 6SG caused the activation of JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK
p38↑,
ERK↑,
eff↓, Inhibition of ROS generation by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly prevented 6SG-induced apoptosis.
ROS↑, 6SG Induces ROS Generation in Breast Cancer Cells
cl‑PARP↑, SG induced apoptosis as characterized by cleavage of PARP, accumulation of cells in subG1 phase, positive Annexin V binding, down-regulation of STAT3-regulated proteins, and activation of caspase-8, -9, -3 in both MDA-MB231 cells
TumCCA↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp9↑,
Casp3↑,
eff↑, Compared with other analogues of 6SG, such as 6-gingerol (6G), 8-gingerol (8G), and 10-gingerol (10G), 6SG was found to be the most potent blocker of STAT3 activation.
Bcl-2↑, 6SG also suppressed the expression of STAT3-regulated gene products such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Survivin in tumor tissues.
Bcl-xL↓,
survivin↓,
MMP9↓, (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is also regulated by STAT3 activation. We found that 6SG down-regulated the expression of metastatic proteins in a time-dependent manner (
COX2/PTGS2↓,
IAP1↓, consequently, this alkanone down-regulated the expression of STAT3-regulated gene products, including bcl-xl, bcl-2, IAP-1, survivin, cyclin D1, MMP-9 and COX-2; a
Dose?, 10mg/kg - 50mg/kg mouse

7256-

Gink,

Neuroprotective effect of ginkgetin in experimental cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via apoptosis inhibition and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation

in-vivo,

Stroke,

middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion rat model

*Stroke↓, Our results showed that administration of ginkgetin remarkably reduced brain infarction volumes and neurologic deficits;
*Apoptosis↓, reducing apoptotic cell numbers, downregulating the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and upregulating the level of Bcl-2 in rats subjected to IR injury in a dose-dependent manner.
*Casp3↓,
*BAX↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*p‑Akt↑, high-dose ginkgetin treatment (100 mg/kg) significantly increased the phosphorylations of Akt and mTOR.
*p‑mTOR↑,

7330-

GSE,

Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention

Review,

Var,

*BioAv↑, GSPE is highly bioavailable and provides significantly greater protection against free radicals and free radical-induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage than vitamins C, E and beta-carotene.
*ROS↓,
AntiCan↑, GSPE was also shown to demonstrate cytotoxicity towards human breast, lung and gastric adenocarcinoma cells, while enhancing the growth and viability of normal human gastric mucosal cells.
selectivity↑,
RenoP↑, GSPE also demonstrated excellent protection against acetaminophen overdose-induced liver and kidney damage by regulating bcl-X(L) gene, DNA damage and presumably by reducing oxidative stress.
*hepatoP↑,
*DNAdam↓,
*Stroke↓, GSPE demonstrated excellent protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarction in rats.
*Bcl-2↑, GSPE was also shown to upregulate bcl(2) gene and downregulate the oncogene c-myc.
cMyc↓,

7489-

H2,

Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases

Review,

Asthma,

*antiOx↑, Molecular hydrogen is gaining increasing attention as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent.
*Inflam↓,
*Apoptosis↓,
*Dose↓, It reaches a maximum level of about 0.78 mM (≈1.6 mg/L) at room temperature with a loss of about 2–5% per 3 min
*Dose↝, It is produced (and consumed) by bacteria of the gut microbiota .The most prominent bacterial phyla involved in this process are the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, which include the anaerobic Clostridium species
*eff↑, hydrogen mixed with oxygen at a ratio of 96%-to-4%, known as the Hydrox gas mixture, was used by deep-sea divers to prevent decompression sickness and allow diving to depths of up to 500 m
*ROS↓, The antioxidant activity of H2 is based on two processes: a direct scavenging of the most toxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS),
*RNS↓,
*NRF2↑, H2 activates the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway, a key transcription factor involved in oxidative stress-related responses, including cytoprotective, antioxidant, and detoxifying enzymes such as HO-1
*HO-1↑,
*Fenton↓, removal of free heme and inhibition of the Fenton reaction
*NLRP3↓, the activation of the Nrf2 pathway has been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome,
*NADPH↓, H2 suppresses the activation of the NADPH oxidase pathway and downregulates the expression of NOX2 and NOX4
*NOX4↓,
*NOX↓,
*MPO↓, H2 has been shown to reduce the overactivation of myeloperoxidase (MPO)
*NF-kB↓, would further suppress the NFκB
*TNF-α↓, figure 3
*IL6↓,
*IL1β↓,
*HMGB1↓,
*IL4↑,
*IL10↑,
*M2 MC↑, Additionally, H2 promotes the polarization of macrophages from the proinflammatory M1 type to the anti-inflammatory M2 type
*Treg lymp↝, It also inhibits Th2 responses, restores regulatory T cells (Treg), and, thus, normalizes an overactivated immune system
*Bcl-2↑, upregulate the antiapoptotic factors, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl.
*Bcl-xL↑,
*PI3K↑, phenomenon is likely facilitated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways
*Akt↑,
*JAK2↑,
*STAT3↑,
*Dose↑, The consumption of certain prebiotics, especially those rich in dietary fiber, indigestible starches, and sugars (lactulose), has been demonstrated to enhance intestinal H2 production through the activity of intestinal flora
*CD4+↑, H2 increased the population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells, which are often decreased in allergic rhinitis (AR)
*CD25+↑,
*FOXP3↑,
*MDA↓, H2 administration attenuated oxidative stress expressed as lower MDA and other lipid peroxidation markers along with an enhancement in the expression and activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as SOD or CAT
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*Casp3↓, inhibition of proapoptotic processes like the caspase 3 and 9 pathways
*Casp9↓,
*TBARS↓, drinking of HRW by patients with asthma and COPD leads to an increase in blood oxygen saturation, vitamin E levels, along with lower oxidative stress markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), MDA,
*SpO2↑,
*VitE↓,
*OS↑, COPD:In general, H2 administration has been found to lead to enhanced survival and reduced weight loss [110], improved lung function and static lung compliance, and decreased arterial blood pressure
*Weight↑,
*DNAdam↓, reduction in levels of oxidative DNA damage markers
*PGE2↓, H2 reduced elevated inflammatory markers, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [29,65,71,128,130], macrophage protein 1α 2 (MP1α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)
*MCP1/CCL2↓,
*lipid-P↓, Further, a reduction in oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation and proapoptotic markers, including Bax and caspase-3, was observed.
*TumCP↓, H2-rich medium reduced the colony size and formation of tongue cancer cells and decreased proliferation in human fibrosarcoma and esophageal cancer cells, as well as A549 cells
*tumCV↓, decrease in cell viability, migration, and invasion
*TumCMig↓,
*TumCI↓,
TumW↓, A reduction in tumor weight and size, as well as a lower number of cells of squamous cell carcinoma, was revealed by animal studies.
TumVol↓,
selectivity↑, Notably, as previously reported, H2 administration exhibited no effect on healthy animals or non-cancerous cell lines
QoL↑, Patients reported improved quality of life with better physical status and fewer pulmonary symptoms
ChemoSen↑, In combination with conventional (such as cis-platin) and modern (including antibodies like nivolumab) therapeutics, H2 enhanced drug activity, resulting in enhanced outcomes and improved disease control
chemoP↑, and reduced side effects of the treatment, such as nephrotoxicity, weight loss, insomnia, pain, or hearing loss in the case of radiotherapy
radioP↑, radioprotective effects of H2 are primarily attributed to its hydroxyl radical scavenging activity
ROS↑, As indicated by Yang et al., the latter include the activation of the ROS/NLRP3/caspase-3/gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic pathways
NLRP3↑,
Casp3↑,
VEGF↓, suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression
Wnt↓, H2 result in the suppression of the overactivated Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways, which further leads to suppression of tumor progression
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,

3764-

H2,

Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Trimethyltin-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Impairment in the C57BL/6 Mice Model

in-vivo,

AD,

mice

*memory↑, However, after H2 treatment, memory deficits were ameliorated.
*Aβ↓, H2 treatment also decreased AD-related biomarkers, such as Apo-E, Aβ-40, p-tau, and Bax and OS markers such as ROS, NO, Ca2+, and MDA in both serum and brain.
*p‑tau↓,
*BAX↓,
*ROS↓,
*NO↓,
*Ca+2↓,
*MDA↓,
*Catalase↓, In contrast, catalase and GPx activities were significantly increased in the TMT-only group and decreased after H2 gas treatment in serum and brain
*GPx↓,
*TNF-α↓, (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were found to be significantly decreased after H2 treatment in both serum and brain lysates
*Bcl-2↑, In contrast, Bcl-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels were found to be enhanced after H2 treatment.
*VEGF↑,
*Inflam↓, 2% H2 gas inhalation in TMT-treated mice exhibits memory enhancing activity and decreases the AD, OS, and inflammatory-related markers.
*cognitive↑,

7499-

H2S,

Hydrogen sulfide slows down progression of experimental Alzheimer's disease by targeting multiple pathophysiological mechanisms

*TNF-α↓, decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α level, up-regulation of Bcl-2, and down-regulation of BAX and the downstream executioner caspase-3, also occurred in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice after treatment with Tabiano's spa-water, thus suggesting that it
*Bcl-2↑,
*BAX↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Inflam↓, thus suggesting that it is also able to modulate inflammation and apoptosis.
*Apoptosis↓,
*memory↑, long-term treatments with sodium hydrosulfide and/or Tabiano's spa-water significantly protected against impairment in learning and memory in rat models of AD induced

2867-

HNK,

Honokiol ameliorates oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis of c2c12 myoblasts by ROS generation and mitochondrial pathway

in-vitro,

Nor,

C2C12

*antiOx↑, known to have antioxidant activity, but its mechanism of action remains unclear.
*ROS↓, honokiol inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation.
*Bcl-2↑, up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax,
*BAX↓,
Casp9∅, in turn protected the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose)
Casp3∅,
cl‑PARP∅,
Cyt‑c?, e blocking of cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm

4212-

Hup,

Huperzine A Alleviates Oxidative Glutamate Toxicity in Hippocampal HT22 Cells via Activating BDNF/TrkB-Dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

in-vitro,

Nor,

HT22

*ROS↓, 10 μM HupA for 24 h significantly protected HT22 from cellular damage and suppressed the generation of ROS.
*p‑Akt↓, HupA dramatically prevented the down-regulations of p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-p70s6 kinase in HT22 cells under oxidative toxicity
*p‑mTOR↓,
*p‑p70S6↓,
*BDNF↑, the protein levels of BDNF and p-TrkB were evidently enhanced after co-treatment with HupA and glutamate in HT22 cells.
*Apoptosis↓, Cellular apoptosis was significantly suppressed (decreased caspase-3 activity and enhanced Bcl-2 protein level) after HupA treatment.
*Casp3↓,
*Bcl-2↑,

7561-

HYP,

Hyperoside Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Parkinson's Disease by Mitigating Oxidative Stress through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

in-vivo,

Park,

*motorD↑, HYP intervention improved motor abilities, increased TH, Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 expressions, and reduced Bax expression
*NRF2↑,
*HO-1↑,
*Bcl-2↑,
*BAX↓,
*GSH↑, It also elevated GSH, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT levels, decreased MDA, and reduced neuronal apoptosis
*GPx↑,
*SOD↑,
*Catalase↑,
*MDA↓,
*Apoptosis↓,

7560-

HYP,

Hyperoside: A Review of Its Structure, Synthesis, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity

Review,

Nor,

Review,

AD,

*RenoP↓, Thirdly, long-term use of hyperoside is toxic to the kidneys, but the damage is reversible
Casp3↑, Up-regulates caspase-3, caspase-8, Bax, p53 and MDA contents; decreases GSH, SOD and CAT activities; decreases VEGF and Bcl-2 levels; and inhibits cell growth. HeLa 100 μmol/L
Casp8↑,
MDA↑,
GSH↓,
SOD↓,
Catalase↓,
VEGF↓,
Bcl-2↓,
TumCG↓,
p‑Akt↓, Down-regulates BMP-7 expression, AKT phosphorylation and PI3K expression; induces cell cycle arrest; and inhibits cell proliferation. Human HepG2 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μM
PI3K↓,
TumCCA↑,
TumCP↓,
BMP7/OP1↓,
*ZO-1↑, up-regulates ZO-1 and claudin5 protein expression; maintains the integrity of the blood–brain barrier; and may protect neural function in CIR-injured mice. CIR injury induced by MCAO in mice 50 mg/kg
*BBB↝,
*p‑Akt↑, increases the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β; alleviates early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage; and promotes nerve function recovery in rats.
*GSK‐3β↑,
*SOD↑, increases SOD and CAT activities and GSH content; increases SIRT1 gene expression; down-regulates NF-κB mRNA
*Catalase↑,
*GSH↑,
*SIRT1↑,
*NF-kB↓,
*IL1β↓, Down-regulates IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, ROS, MDA, Bax and caspase-3 levels; increases CAT, SOD and GSH activities; up-regulates Bcl-2, BDNF, TrkB, SIRT1 and NGF expression; reduces LPS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis; and protec
*IL6↓,
*IL8↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*ROS↓,
*MDA↓,
*BAX↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*BDNF↑,
*TrkB↑,
*NGF↑,
*Apoptosis↓,
*cardioP↑, Cardioprotective Activity of Hyperoside.
*AST↓, Decreases the levels of AST, CK, CK-MB and c-TnT in rats; the rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis;
*hepatoP↑, Hepatoprotective Activity of Hyperoside.
*AST↓, Decreases liver index, AST, ALT, MDA and Bach1 complex levels and alleviates the pathological damage of acute liver injury mice.
*ALAT↓,
*MDA↓,
*BACH1↓,
*neuroP↑, Brain-Protective Activity of Hyperoside.
*Stroke↓, Down-regulates TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TLR4, COX-2, NF-κB, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax and Bcl-2 expression and prevents CIR injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion rat model
*ICAM-1↓,
*VCAM-1↓,
*TLR4↓,
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*RenoP↑, Renal-Protective Activity of Hyperoside.
*NLRP3↓, Suppresses NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC expression and prevents acute kidney injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Mouse acute kidney injury model
*Casp1↓,
*ASC↓,
*BioAv↓, low oral bioavailability
*BioAv↑, hyperoside is compatible with other traditional Chinese medicines and they can improve its bioavailability and oral absorption.
*toxicity↓, Firstly, an acute toxicity test of hyperoside showed that its LD50 > 5000 mg/kg

7784-

ISL,

Isoliquiritigenin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity

in-vivo,

AD,

rat model of cognitive impairment by intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

*Learn↑, ISL pretreatment reversed these deficits as well as LPS-induced decreases in the hippocampal expression levels of synaptophysin, postsynaptic density-95, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and BCL-2.
*PSD95↑,
*BDNF↑,
*SOD↑,
*GPx↑,
*Bcl-2↑,
*SYP↑,
*Bax:Bcl2↓, ISL pretreatment also reversed LPS-induced increases in TUNEL-positive (apoptotic) cells, BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 3.
*TNF-α↓,
*IL1β↓,
*IL6↓,
*MIP‑1α/CCL3↓,
*p‑GSK‐3β↑, Pretreatment with ISL increased the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-GSK-3β, nuclear NRF2, HO-1 mRNA, and NQO1 mRNA, and reversed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB
*NRF2↑,
*HO-1↑,
*NQO1↑,
*cognitive↑, ISL protects against LPS-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal injury by promoting or maintaining antioxidant capacity and suppressing neuroinflammation, likely through phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of GSK-3β, enhanced expression of NRF
*Inflam↓,

7864-

isoO,

Isoorientin Inhibits Amyloid β25-35-Induced Neuronal Inflammation in BV2 Cells by Blocking the NF-κB Signaling Pathway

in-vitro,

AD,

BV2

*iNOS↓, ISO inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 induced by Aβ25–35.
*COX2/PTGS2↓,
*TNF-α↓, And, it inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
*IL6↓,
*ROS↓, ISO reduced the ROS production in Aβ25–35-induced BV2 cells and inhibited NF-κB activation.
*NF-kB↓,
*Apoptosis↓, ISO Blocks Aβ25–35-Induced Apoptosis in BV2 Microglial Cells
*Bcl-2↑, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased, while the level of pro-apoptotic protein BAX was increased upon treatment of BV2 cells with 20 μM Aβ25–35. However, ISO reversed the expression of Bcl-2 and BAX
*BAX↓,
*cl‑Casp9↓, expression of cleaved caspases-9 and -3 as well as PARP, which are markers of apoptosis. Aβ promoted the cleavage of these proteins, whereas ISO treatment abrogated these effects
*cl‑Casp3↓,
*cl‑PARP↓,
*NeuroI↓, ISO ameliorated neuronal inflammation via inhibition of ROS generation and blockade of NF-kB activity

7870-

isoO,

Anti-oxidative stress and cognitive improvement of a semi-synthetic isoorientin-based GSK-3β inhibitor in rat pheochromocytoma cell PC12 and scopolamine-induced AD model mice via AKT/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway

vitro+vivo,

AD,

PC12

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in vitro and scopolamine (SCOP)-induced AD mice in vivo.

*GSK‐3β↓, The flavonoid isoorientin (ISO) and its synthetic derivatives TFGF-18 selectively inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a potential target of AD treatment
*BAX↓, TFGF-18 inhibited neuronal damage and the expressions of Bax, caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3, and increased the expression of Bcl-2 in vitro and in vivo.
*Casp3↓,
*cl‑Casp3↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*MDA↓, The level of MDA and ROS were decreased while the activities of SOD and GPx were increased by TFGF-18.
*ROS↓,
*SOD↑,
*GPx↑,
*p‑Akt↑, Moreover, TFGF-18 increased the p-AKT, p-GSK-3β (Ser9), Nrf2, HO-1, p-CREB, and BDNF expression reduced by H2O2 and SCOP
*p‑GSK‐3β↑,
*NRF2↑,
*p‑CREB↑,
*BDNF⇅,

2907-

LT,

Protective effect of luteolin against oxidative stress‑mediated cell injury via enhancing antioxidant systems

in-vitro,

Nor,

Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79-4)

*ROS↓, Intracellular ROS levels and damage to cellular components such as lipids and DNA in H2O2-treated cells were significantly decreased by luteolin pretreatment.
*Casp9↓, Luteolin suppressed active caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels while increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax protein levels.
*Casp3↓,
*Bcl-2↑,
*BAX↓,
*GSH↑, luteolin restored levels of glutathione that was reduced in response to H2O2.
*SOD↑, luteolin enhanced the activity and protein expressions of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and heme oxygenase-1.
*Catalase↑,
*GPx↑,
*HO-1↑,
*antiOx↑, upregulating antioxidant enzymes.
*lipid-P↓, protective effect of luteolin against lipid peroxidation
*p‑γH2AX↓, showed that luteolin pretreatment diminished expression levels of phospho-H2A.X in H2O2-exposed cells
eff↑, promising therapeutic agent for management and treatment of conditions such as COPD and pulmonary fibrosis.

3531-

Lyco,

Lycopene attenuates the inflammation and apoptosis in aristolochic acid nephropathy by targeting the Nrf2 antioxidant system

in-vivo,

Nor,

rats

*NRF2↑, After LYC intervened in the body, it activated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and its downstream HO-1 and NQO1 antioxidant signaling pathways
*HO-1↑, Lycopene activates Nrf2-HO-1 antioxidant pathway to inhibit oxidative stress injury induced by AAI exposure in NRK52E cells
*NQO1↑,
*ROS↓, LYC inhibited ROS production by renal tubular epithelial cells, and alleviated mitochondrial damage.
*mtDam↓,
*Bcl-2↑, LYC was able to up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, down-regulate Bax expression and inhibit the activation of cleaved forms of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, which finally attenuated the apoptosis
*BAX↓,
*Casp9↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Apoptosis↓,
*RenoP↑, Interestingly, there was a significant improvement in damaged renal tissue in mice with AAN after lycopene intervention
*lipid-P↓, lycopene significantly decreased the expression of AAI-induced lipid peroxidation product (MDA), and increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme systems (T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-PX)
*SOD↑,
*GPx↑,
*Inflam↓, Lycopene improves inflammatory responses in the kidneys of AAN mice
*TNF-α↓, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, was increased and the expression of IL-12 was decreased in the kidneys of model mice compared with the control group. However, LYC intervention reversed the expression of these genes in a dose-dependent manner
*IL6↓,
*IL10↓,

3263-

Lyco,

Lycopene protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening

in-vitro,

Nor,

H9c2

in-vitro,

Stroke,

*Apoptosis↓, LP pretreatment significantly increased cell viability, reduced myocardial infarct size and decreased the apoptosis rate.
*MMP↑, decrease of ΔΨm were attenuated by LP and the expressions of cytochrome c, APAF-1, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 were also decreased by LP
*Cyt‑c↓,
*APAF1↓,
*cl‑Casp9↓,
*cl‑Casp3↓,
*Bcl-2↑, LP treatment markedly increased Bcl-2 expression, decreased Bax expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
*BAX↓,
cardioP↑, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). LP protects against MIRI by inhibiting MPTP opening, partly through the modulation of Bax and Bcl-2.

3277-

Lyco,

Recent trends and advances in the epidemiology, synergism, and delivery system of lycopene as an anti-cancer agent

Review,

Var,

antiOx↑, lycopene provides a strong antioxidant activity that is 100 times more effective than α-tocopherol and more than double effective that of β-carotene
TumCP↓, In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that lycopene at near physiological levels (0.5−2 μM) could inhibit cancer cell proliferation [[22], [23], [24]], induce apoptosis [[25], [26], [27]], and suppress metastasis [
Apoptosis↑,
TumMeta↑,
ChemoSen↑, lycopene can increase the effect of anti-cancer drugs (including adriamycin, cisplatin, docetaxel and paclitaxel) on cancer cell growth and reduce tumour size
BioAv↓, low water solubility and bioavailability of lycopene
Dose↝, The concentration of lycopene in plasma (daily intake of 10 mg lycopene) is approximately 0.52−0.6 μM
BioAv↓, significant decrease in lycopene bioavailability in the elderly
BioAv↑, oils and fats favours the bioavailability of lycopene [80], while large molecules such as pectin can hinder the absorption of lycopene in the small intestine due to their action on lipids and bile salt molecules
SOD↑, GC: 50−150 mg/kg BW/day ↑SOD, CAT, GPx ↑IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α ↑IgA, IgG, IgM ↓IL-6
Catalase↑,
GPx↑,
IL2↑, lycopene treatment significantly enhanced blood IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α levels and reduced IL-6 level in a dose-dependent manner.
IL4↑,
IL1↑,
TNF-α↑,
GSH↑, GC: ↑GSH, GPx, GST, GR
GPx↑,
GSTA1↑,
GSR↑,
PPARγ↑, ↑GPx, SOD, MDA ↑PPARγ, caspase-3 ↓NF-κB, COX-2
Casp3↑,
NF-kB↓,
COX2/PTGS2↓,
Bcl-2↑, AGS cells Lycopene 5 μM ↑Bcl-2 ↓Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, p53 ↓Chk1, Chk2, γ-H2AX, DNA damage ↓ROS Phase arrest
BAX↓,
P53↓,
CHK1↓,
Chk2↓,
γH2AX↓,
DNAdam↓,
ROS↓,
P21↑, CRC: ↑p21 ↓PCNA, β-catenin ↓COX-2, PGE2, ERK1/2 phosphorylated
PCNA↓,
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
PGE2↓,
ERK↓,
cMyc↓, AGS cells: ↓Wnt-1, c-Myc, cyclin E ↓Jak1/Stat3, Wnt/β-catenin alteration ↓ROS
cycE/CCNE↓,
JAK1↓,
STAT3↓,
SIRT1↑, Huh7: ↑SIRT1 ↓Cells growth ↑PARP cleavage ↓Cyclin D1, TNFα, IL-6, NF-κB, p65, STAT3, Akt activation ↓Tumour multiplicity, volume
cl‑PARP↑,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
TNF-α↓,
IL6↓,
p65↓,
MMP2↓, SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells Lycopene 5, 10 μM ↓MMP-2, MMP-9 ↓
MMP9↓,
Wnt↓, AGS cells Lycopene 0.5 μM, 1 μM ↓Wnt-1, c-Myc, cyclin E ↓Jak1/Stat3, Wnt/β-catenin alteration ↓ROS

4112-

MF,

Novel protective effects of pulsed electromagnetic field ischemia/reperfusion injury rats

in-vivo,

Stroke,

rats

*cardioP↑, in vivo results showed that per-treatment of PEMF could significantly improve the cardiac function in I/R injury group
*Bcl-2↑, up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and down-regulating the expression of pro-apoptosis protein (Bax)
*BAX↓,
*ROS↓, PEMF treatment could significantly reduce the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in primary neonatal rat cardiac ventricular myocytes (NRCMs) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)

98-

QC,

Quercetin postconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through the PI3K/Akt pathway

in-vivo,

Stroke,

 rats

*Bcl-2↑,
*BAX↓,
*Bax:Bcl2↓, Que postconditioning significantly decreased Bax expression and increased Bcl-2 expression
*cardioP↑, cardioprotection by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and modulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.
*Akt↑,
*PI3K↑,
*LDH↓, Que postconditioning reduced the levels of CK (1642.9±194.3 vs 2679.5±194.3 U/L, P<0.05) and LDH (1273.6±176.5 vs 2618±197.7 U/L, P<0.05) compared to the I/R group

79-

QC,

Chemopreventive Effect of Quercetin in MNU and Testosterone Induced Prostate Cancer of Sprague-Dawley Rats

in-vivo,

Pca,

 200 mg/kg/3x/week

 rats

GSH↑, The lipid peroxidation, H2O2, in (MNU+T) treated rats were increased and GSH level was decreased, whereas simultaneous quercetin-treated rats reverted back to normal level
SOD↑,
Catalase↑,
GPx↑, SOD, catalase, GPX, Glutathionereductase, GST activities were significantly decreased in VP & DLP ofcancer-induced rats compared to control. Whereas, simultaneousquercetin supplement showed increased activities. (PDF) Chemopreventive Effect of Que
GSR↑,
IGF-1R↓, IGFIR, AKT, AR, cell proliferative and anti-apoptotic proteins were increased in cancer-induced group whereas supplement of quercetin decreased its expression.
Akt↓,
AR↓, Protein expressions of AR were increased in both VP and DLP of cancer-induced rats and decreasedin quercetin supplemented rats.Fig. 2. Effect of quercetin on mRNA expressions of IGFIR, Bax, Bcl2, Caspase-3 and -8 in VP of cancer-induced male rats.G.
TumCP↓,
lipid-P↓,
H2O2↓,
Raf↓, Raf-1 and pMEK pro-tein expressions were increased significantly in cancer-induced rats compared to control whereas simultaneous quercetin treatment decreased the expressions
p‑MEK↓,
Bcl-2↑, Bcl2, Bcl-xl were significantly increased and apoptotic protein caspase-3,-8,-9 expressions were significantly decreased in cancer-induced rats compared to control in both ventral and dorsolateral prostate. But,this was the other way around when s
Bcl-xL↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
Casp9↑,

4286-

RES,

Neuroprotective Properties of Resveratrol and Its Derivatives—Influence on Potential Mechanisms Leading to the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease

Review,

AD,

*neuroP↑, state of the art evidence on the role of resveratrol (RSV) in neuroprotection is presented
*Inflam↓, Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol contained in red wine, peanuts, and some berries, is known for its anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and longevity-promoting properties
*antiOx↑,
*GSH↑, ↑glutathione in brain
*HO-1↑, ↑HO-1 ↓iNOS in hippocampus
*iNOS↓,
*BDNF↑, ↑BDNF, ↑pCREB, ↑PKA, ↑BCl-2 expression, ↓BAX expression, ↓IL-1β, IL-6, in hippocampus
*p‑CREB↑,
*PKA↑,
*Bcl-2↑,
*BAX↓,
*IL1β↓,
*IL6↓,
*MMP9↓, ↓MMP-9 in cerebrospinal fluid
*memory↑, ↑memory performance
*AMPK↑, ↑AMPK, ↑PGC-1, ↓NF-κB / IL-1β / NLRP3 in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
*PGC-1α↓,
*NF-kB↓,
*Aβ↓, may counteract the formation of neurotoxic Aβ
*SIRT1↑, Resveratrol via SIRT-1 can, therefore, be expected to reduce the level of hyperphosphorylated tau and provide protection against neurodegeneration.
*p‑tau↓,
*PP2A↑, resveratrol by lowering the expression of MID1 ubiquitin ligase increases protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity and promotes tau dephosphorylation by preventing its accumulation
*lipid-P↓, resveratrol abolishes Aβ-induced lipid peroxidation and expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) reduction;
*NLRP3↓, Researchers achieved a significant reduction in the levels of NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cell), interleukin 1β and NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammation markers
*BACE/β-secretase↓, figure 1

3025-

RosA,

Rosmarinic acid alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and smooth muscle contraction abnormalities in intestinal tissues by regulating gut microbiota

in-vivo,

IBD,

*GutMicro↑, RA upregulated the abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Candidatus Arthromitus sp SFB-mouse-NL and downregulated the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Escherichia coli, and Romboutsia ilealis.
*ROCK1↓, RA downregulated the expressions of ROCK, RhoA, CaM, MLC, MLCK, ZEB1, ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, E-cadherin, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, Caspase12, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, Cytc, RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL
*Rho↓,
*CaMKII ↓,
*Zeb1↓,
*ZO-1↓,
*E-cadherin↓,
*IL1β↓,
*IL6↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*GRP78/BiP↓,
*PERK↓,
*IRE1↓,
*ATF6↓,
*CHOP/DDIT3↓,
*Casp12↓,
*Casp9↓,
*BAX↓,
*Casp3↓,
*Cyt‑c↓,
*RIP1↓,
*MLKL↓,
*IL10↑, upregulated the expression of IL-10 and Bcl-2.
*Bcl-2↑,
*ER Stress↓, RA inhibited the inflammation, which is caused by tight junction damage, by repairing intestinal flora dysbiosis, relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibited cell death

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 50 of 63
Page 1 of 2 Next

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 63

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

AntiBio↑, 2, diuretic↑, 1, Learn↑, 1, NeuroI↓, 1, SpO2↑, 1, Stroke↓, 3, SYP↑, 1,

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 13, Catalase↓, 1, Catalase↑, 10, Fenton↓, 1, GPx↓, 1, GPx↑, 9, GSH↑, 13, GSR↑, 1, GSTs↑, 1, HO-1↑, 11, HO-2↓, 1, Keap1↑, 1, lipid-P↓, 8, MDA↓, 14, MPO↓, 2, NOX4↓, 2, NQO1↑, 4, NRF2↑, 12, RNS↓, 2, ROS↓, 25, SIRT3↑, 1, SOD↓, 1, SOD↑, 18, TAC↑, 1, TBARS↓, 2, uricA↓, 1, VitE↓, 1,

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

Ferritin↑, 1, IronCh↑, 1,

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↑, 3, MMP↑, 3, mtDam↓, 1, OCR↑, 1, PGC-1α↓, 1,

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2, AMPK↑, 1, p‑CREB↑, 2, GAPDH↑, 1, glucose↓, 1, LDH↓, 1, LDL↓, 1, NADPH↓, 1, PFK↓, 1, PPARγ↑, 2, SIRT1↑, 2,

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↑, 5, p‑Akt↓, 1, p‑Akt↑, 4, APAF1↓, 2, Apoptosis↓, 15, BAX↓, 27, BAX↑, 1, Bax:Bcl2↓, 2, Bcl-2↑, 37, Bcl-xL↑, 1, Casp1↓, 1, Casp12↓, 1, Casp3↓, 16, cl‑Casp3↓, 5, Casp9↓, 6, cl‑Casp9↓, 2, Cyt‑c↓, 5, GSDMD↓, 1, iNOS↓, 7, JNK↓, 3, MLKL↓, 1, p38↓, 1, p‑p38↓, 1, RIP1↓, 1,

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

CaMKII ↓, 1, p‑p70S6↓, 1,

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

Ach↑, 1, tumCV↓, 1,

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ATF6↓, 1, CHOP/DDIT3↓, 3, ER Stress↓, 1, GRP78/BiP↓, 3, HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1, IRE1↓, 1, PERK↓, 1,

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 3, P53↓, 1, P53↑, 1, PARP↓, 1, cl‑PARP↓, 1, p‑γH2AX↓, 1,

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ERK↓, 1, GSK‐3β↓, 2, GSK‐3β↑, 1, p‑GSK‐3β↑, 2, HDAC2↓, 1, Mst1↓, 1, mTOR↑, 1, p‑mTOR↓, 1, p‑mTOR↑, 1, Nestin↑, 1, NOTCH1↑, 1, PI3K↑, 5, SOX2↑, 1, STAT3↑, 2,

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

APP↓, 1, BACH1↓, 1, Ca+2↓, 1, E-cadherin↓, 1, Ki-67↑, 1, MMP13↓, 1, MMP9↓, 1, PKA↑, 1, RAGE↓, 1, Rho↓, 1, ROCK1↓, 1, Treg lymp↝, 1, TumCI↓, 1, TumCMig↓, 1, TumCP↓, 1, VCAM-1↓, 1, Zeb1↓, 1, ZO-1↓, 1, ZO-1↑, 1,

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

eNOS↑, 1, NO↓, 3, NO↑, 1, VEGF↑, 1,

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 2, BBB↝, 1, GastroP↑, 1,

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

ASC↓, 1, CD25+↑, 1, CD4+↑, 2, COX2/PTGS2↓, 6, FOXP3↑, 1, HMGB1↓, 1, ICAM-1↓, 1, IL1↓, 1, IL10↓, 2, IL10↑, 2, IL1β↓, 10, IL1β↑, 1, IL4↑, 1, IL6↓, 9, IL6↑, 1, IL8↓, 2, Imm↑, 1, Inflam↓, 16, JAK2↑, 1, M2 MC↑, 1, MCP1/CCL2↓, 1, MIP‑1α/CCL3↓, 1, NF-kB↓, 8, PGE2↓, 1, TLR4↓, 1, TNF-α↓, 17, TRAF1↓, 1,

Cellular Microenvironment(tgid=17) ⓘ

NOX↓, 1,

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

5HT↑, 1, AChE↓, 6, BChE↓, 2, BDNF↑, 5, BDNF⇅, 1, ChAT↑, 1, MAOA↓, 1, NGF↑, 3, PSD95↑, 1, tau↓, 2, p‑tau↓, 3, TrkB↑, 2,

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 6, BACE/β-secretase↓, 3, MAOB↓, 2, NLRP3↓, 3, PP2A↑, 2,

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

CYP19↓, 1,

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 2, BioAv↑, 6, BioAv↝, 3, Dose↓, 1, Dose↑, 2, Dose↝, 2, eff↑, 2,

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2, ALP↓, 1, AST↓, 4, creat↓, 1, Ferritin↑, 1, GutMicro↑, 3, IL6↓, 9, IL6↑, 1, Ki-67↑, 1, LDH↓, 1, RAGE↓, 1,

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiDiabetic↑, 2, ANXi↓, 1, cardioP↑, 10, cognitive↑, 8, hepatoP↓, 1, hepatoP↑, 4, memory↑, 9, motorD↑, 2, neuroP↑, 11, Obesity↓, 2, OS↑, 1, Pain↓, 1, radioP↑, 1, RenoP↓, 1, RenoP↑, 4, toxicity↓, 3, Weight↓, 1, Weight↑, 1, Wound Healing↑, 1,

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiFungal↑, 1, AntiViral↑, 1, Bacteria↓, 2, CD8+↑, 1, Inf↓, 1, Sepsis↓, 1,
Total Targets: 222

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Bcl-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2

5 Shikonin
3 Ginkgolide B
3 Lycopene
2 Biochanin A
2 α-Bisabolol / Chamomile oil
2 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
2 Emodin
2 Hydrogen Gas
2 Hyperoside
2 isoorientin
2 Quercetin
2 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
2 Taurine
2 Thymoquinone
1 Silver-NanoParticles
1 Artemisinin
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Baicalein
1 Betulinic acid
1 Boswellia (frankincense)
1 Capsaicin
1 Centella asiatica / Gotu kola → asiaticoside
1 Chlorophyllin
1 Chrysin
1 Cichoric acid / Chicoric acid
1 methotrexate
1 Cinnamon
1 Crocetin
1 Carvone
1 Cynara scolymus/Globe Artichoke/Artichoke Extract
1 Curcumin
1 Formononetin
1 Ginkgo biloba
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
1 Ginger/6-Shogaol/Gingerol
1 Ginkgetin
1 Grapeseed extract
1 hydrogen sulfide
1 Honokiol
1 Huperzine A/Huperzia serrata
1 Isoliquiritigenin
1 Luteolin
1 Magnetic Fields
1 Resveratrol
1 Rosmarinic acid
1 doxorubicin
1 Selenite (Sodium)
1 Urolithin

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:27  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

Bcl-2 Cancer Research Results

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

Cellular Microenvironment(tgid=17) ⓘ

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

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