testos Cancer Research Results
testos, testosterone: Click to Expand ⟱
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Hormone therapy — slows cancer growth by lowering testosterone levels in the body.
"shaking up prostate cancer with high-dose testosterone makes it more vulnerable to other treatments."
testosterone-levels-in-men-with-prostate-cancer" >There is a higher incidence of prostate cancer among men with low testosterone.
Prostate cancer is highly sensitive to androgenic stimulation. Testosterone—and more potently, its derivative dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—binds to the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cells, which can drive the growth and survival of both normal and malignant cells.
Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC):
Even after testosterone levels are medically reduced, some prostate cancers continue to thrive by adapting their AR pathway. CRPC often signals a transition to a more aggressive, treatment-resistant state.
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Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
*hs-CRP↓, reduces levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor μ (TNF-μ);
*TNF-α↓,
*SOD↑, raises levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase
*Catalase↑,
*GPx↑,
*cognitive↑, improves the brains electrical activity, cognitive performance, and short-term memory for elders; restricted boron intake adversely affected brain function and cognitive performance.
*memory↑, In humans, boron deprivation (<0.3 mg/d) resulted in poorer performance on tasks of motor speed and dexterity, attention, and short-term memory.
*Risk↓, Boron-rich diets and regions where the soil and water are rich in boron correlate with lower risks of several types of cancer, including prostate, breast, cervical, and lung cancers.
*SAM-e↑,
*NAD↝, Boron strongly binds oxidized NAD+,76 and, thus, might influence reactions in which NAD+ is involved
*ATP↝,
*Ca+2↝, Because of its positive charge, magnesium stabilizes cell membranes, balances the actions of calcium, and functions as a signal transducer
HDAC↓, some boronated compounds are histone deacetylase inhibitors
TumVol↓,
IGF-1↓, expression of IGF-1 in the tumors was significantly reduced by boron treatment
PSA↓, Boronic acid has been shown to inhibit PSA activity.
Cyc↓, boric acid inhibits the growth of prostate-cancer cells both by decreasing expression of A-E cyclin
TumCMig↓,
*serineP↓, Boron exists in the human body mostly in the form of boric acid, a serine protease inhibitor.
HIF-1↓, shown to greatly inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1
*ChemoSideEff↓, An in vitro study found that boric acid can help protect against genotoxicity and cytotoxicity that are induced in lymphocytes by paclitaxel
*VitD↑, greater production of 25-hydroxylase, and, thus, greater potential for vitamin-D activation
*Mag↑, Boron significantly improves magnesium absorption and deposition in bone
*eff↑, boron increases the biological half-life and bioavailability of E2 and vitamin D.
Risk↓, risk of prostate cancer was 52% lower in men whose diets supplied more than 1.8 mg/d of boron compared with those whose dietary boron intake was less than or equal to 0.9 mg/d.
*Inflam↓, As research into the chemistry of boron-containing compounds has increased, they have been shown to be potent antiosteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic agents
*neuroP↑, In addition, boron has anti-inflammatory effects that can help alleviate arthritis and improve brain function and has demonstrated such significant anticancer
*Calcium↑, increase serum levels of estradiol and calcium absorption in peri- and postmenopausal women.
*BMD↑, boron stimulates bone growth in vitamin-D deficient animals and alleviates dysfunctions in mineral metabolism characteristic of vitamin-D deficiency
*chemoP↑, may help ameliorate the adverse effects of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. boric acid can help protect against genotoxicity and cytotoxicity that are induced in lymphocytes by paclitaxel, an anticancer drug commonly used to treat breast, ovarian
AntiCan↑, demonstrated preventive and therapeutic effects in a number of cancers, such as prostate, cervical, and lung cancers, and multiple and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
*Dose↑, only an upper intake level (UL) of 20 mg/d for individuals aged ≥ 18 y.
*Dose↝, substantial number of articles showing benefits support the consideration of boron supplementation of 3 mg/d for any individual who is consuming a diet lacking in fruits and vegetables
*BMPs↑, Boron was also found to increase mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)
*testos↑, 1 week of boron supplementation of 6 mg/d, a further study by Naghii et al20 of healthy males (n = 8) found (1) a significant increase in free testosterone,
angioG↓, Inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis prevents growth of many types of solid tumors and provides a novel approach for cancer treatment; thus, HIF-1 is a target of antineoplastic therapy.
Apoptosis↑, Cancer cells, however, commonly overexpress sugar transporters and/or underexpress borate export, rendering sugar-borate esters as promising chemopreventive agents
*selectivity↑, In normal cells, the 2 latter, cell-destructive effects do not occur because the amount of borate present in a healthy diet, 1 to 10 mg/d, is easily exported from normal cells.
*chemoPv↑, promising chemopreventive agents
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Risk↓, A diet with low B has been found to lead to a number of general health problems and to increase cancer risk.
*memory↑, The most common symptoms of B deficiency include arthritis, memory loss, osteoporosis, degenerative and soft cartilage diseases, hormonal disequilibria and a drop in libido
*Dose↑, The B Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults of ~18 years is ~20 mg B per day
Risk↓, Dietary B is inversely correlated with the occurrence of prostate cancer . Diets rich in boron could significantly reduce some cancer types, especially breast, prostate, lung and cervical forms of cancer.
other↝, In Japan, breast cancer is a rare disease compared to the Western countries (Tominaga & Kuroishi, 1999). When Japanese women immigrated to the USA, they acquired the same risk for breast cancer as that in the general population of women in the USA
*testos↑, After one week, supplementation of healthy males with 10 mg B/day resulted in a
significant rise in the plasma free testosterone concentration, which is an observation based
on recent clinical data
other↝, preclinical studies have suggested that testosterone serves as a natural, endogenous protector of the breast.
Risk↓, vitamin D is important as a protective agent against the development of breast cancer
TumCP↓, Boric acid (BA) is one of the most studied B-containing chemicals. BA has been demonstrated to control the proliferation of some cancer cell types
Apoptosis↑, Bortezomib (PS-341) (Teicher et al., 1999) is a boronic acid derivative and a proteasome inhibitor, which is a novel target in cancer therapy. This compound disrupts cell cycle regulation and induces apoptosis.
eff↑, Bortezomib could have a significant anti-tumour activity when it is used in combination with other active conventional agents
OS↑, In 2008, a cohort study of breast cancer survivors identified that patients who consistently exercised for greater than 2.5 hours per week following diagnosis had a greater than 60% reduction in the risk of all deaths compared with patients who were
IGF-1↓, Table 1, IGF1 Decreased levels, IGFBP3 Increased levels
IGFBP3↑,
BRCA1↑, BRCA1 Increased expression
BRCA2↑, BRCA2 Increased expression
RAS↓, RAS family oncogenes Suppressed activity
P53↑, P53 Enhanced activity
HSPs↑, Heat shock proteins Enhanced activity
Leptin↓, Leptin Reduced activity
Irisin↓, Irisin Enhanced activity
Resistin↓, Resistin Reduced activity
NK cell↑, NK cells Enhanced activity
CRP↓, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNFα Reduced activity
IL6↓,
TNF-α↓,
PGE1↓, Prostaglandins Reduced activity
COX2↓, Cox-2 Reduced activity
*GSH↑, Glutathione, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase Increased activity
*Catalase↑,
*SOD↑,
*monoA↑, Monoamines Higher levels
*EndoR↑, Endorphins Increased release
*testos↑, testosterone increases immediately after vigorous exercise in some but not all studies. lasting for 20–60 minutes post-exercise
ROS↑, Physical activity, especially if strenuous, produces reactive oxidative species (ROS)
QoL↑, Adverse cancer-related symptoms, which have been shown to be alleviated by exercise, include fatigue, muscle weakness, thromboembolism, weight gain, loss of bone density, quality of life (QOL), psychological distress, incontinence and sexual dysfunct
BMD↑, the rate of decline in BMD was significantly less in the resistance exercise group, with a greater benefit seen in the aerobic exercise group
BowelM↑, Exercise reduces bowel transit time and ameliorates constipation and its associated abdominal cramps
Showing Research Papers: 1 to 3 of 3
* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 3
Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:
Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ
ROS↑, 1,
Cell Death ⓘ
Apoptosis↑, 2,
Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ
BowelM↑, 1, other↝, 2,
Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ
HSPs↑, 1,
DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ
BRCA1↑, 1, BRCA2↑, 1, P53↑, 1,
Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ
Cyc↓, 1,
Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ
HDAC↓, 1, IGF-1↓, 2, IGFBP3↑, 1, RAS↓, 1,
Migration ⓘ
TumCMig↓, 1, TumCP↓, 1,
Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ
angioG↓, 1, HIF-1↓, 1,
Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ
COX2↓, 1, CRP↓, 1, IL6↓, 1, NK cell↑, 1, PGE1↓, 1, PSA↓, 1, Resistin↓, 1, TNF-α↓, 1,
Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ
Irisin↓, 1, Leptin↓, 1,
Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ
eff↑, 1,
Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ
BMD↑, 1, BRCA1↑, 1, CRP↓, 1, IL6↓, 1, PSA↓, 1,
Functional Outcomes ⓘ
AntiCan↑, 1, OS↑, 1, QoL↑, 1, Risk↓, 4, TumVol↓, 1,
Total Targets: 38
Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:
Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ
Catalase↑, 2, GPx↑, 1, GSH↑, 1, SAM-e↑, 1, SOD↑, 2,
Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ
ATP↝, 1,
Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ
NAD↝, 1,
Migration ⓘ
Ca+2↝, 1, serineP↓, 1,
Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ
Inflam↓, 1, TNF-α↓, 1, VitD↑, 1,
Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ
EndoR↑, 1, monoA↑, 1,
Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ
testos↑, 3,
Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ
Dose↑, 2, Dose↝, 1, eff↑, 1, selectivity↑, 1,
Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ
BMD↑, 1, BMPs↑, 1, Calcium↑, 1, hs-CRP↓, 1, Mag↑, 1, VitD↑, 1,
Functional Outcomes ⓘ
chemoP↑, 1, chemoPv↑, 1, ChemoSideEff↓, 1, cognitive↑, 1, memory↑, 2, neuroP↑, 1, Risk↓, 1,
Total Targets: 32
Scientific Paper Hit Count for: testos, testosterone
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include :
-low or high Dose
-format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
-different cell line effects
-synergies with other products
-if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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