LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ Cancer Research Results

LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ, ratio of LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: marker
The ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I is often used as a marker for autophagy, a cellular process in which cells recycle their damaged or dysfunctional components. In cancer, autophagy can play a complex role, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio can be used to assess autophagic activity.
Many cancers, have an increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio indicating enhanced autophagy, which can support tumor cell survival, especially under stress conditions (e.g., nutrient deprivation, hypoxia). This is often associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance.
Cell Survival: Increased autophagy, as indicated by a higher LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, can help cancer cells survive in adverse conditions, contributing to tumor growth and metastasis.
Therapeutic Resistance: Elevated autophagy can lead to resistance against chemotherapy and targeted therapies, as cancer cells may utilize autophagy to survive treatment-induced stress.
Metabolic Adaptation: Autophagy allows cancer cells to adapt to metabolic stress by recycling cellular components, which can support continued proliferation and survival.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
5271- 3BP,    The anticancer agent 3-bromopyruvate: a simple but powerful molecule taken from the lab to the bedside
- Review, Var, NA
selectivity↑, selectivity↑, ATP↓, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, mt-OXPHOS↓, GAPDH↓, mtDam↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, ER Stress↑, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, p62↓, Akt↓, HDAC↓, TumCA↑, Bcl-2↓, cMyc↓, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, Mcl-1↓, PARP↓, ChemoSen↑,
1069- AL,    Allicin promotes autophagy and ferroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating AMPK/mTOR signaling
- vitro+vivo, ESCC, TE1 - vitro+vivo, ESCC, KYSE-510 - in-vitro, Nor, Het-1A
TumCP↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, p62↓, p‑AMPK↑, mTOR↓, TumAuto↑, NCOA4↑, MDA↑, Iron↑, TumW↓, TumVol↓, ATG5↑, ATG7↑, TfR1/CD71↓, FTH1↓, ROS↑, Iron↑, Ferroptosis↑, *toxicity↓,
5838- CAP,    Capsaicin Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
- in-vitro, NPC, NA
TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, TumAuto↑, Casp3↑, Ca+2↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, ATG5↑, p62↓, Fap1↓, PI3K↓, DNAdam↑,
6653- Cen,    Antitumor Activity of Asiaticoside Against Multiple Myeloma Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells Is Mediated by Autophagy Induction, Activation of Effector Caspases, and Inhibition of Cell Migration, Invasion, and STAT-3 Signaling Pathway
- in-vitro, Melanoma, KM3/BTZ
TumCG↓, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, Casp↑, ROS↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, STAT3↓,
1585- Citrate,    Sodium citrate targeting Ca2+/CAMKK2 pathway exhibits anti-tumor activity through inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis in ovarian cancer
- in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3 - in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
Apoptosis↑, Ferroptosis↑, Ca+2↓, CaMKII ↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Hif1a↓, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, Pyruv↓, GLUT1↓, HK2↓, PFKP↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, Iron↑, lipid-P↑, MDA↑, ROS↑, H2O2↑, mtDam↑, GSH↓, GPx↓, GPx4↓, NADPH/NADP+↓, eff↓, FTH1↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, NCOA4↑, eff↓, TumCG↓,
1580- Citrate,    Citrate activates autophagic death of prostate cancer cells via downregulation CaMKII/AKT/mTOR pathway
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vivo, PC, NA - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, WPMY-1
Apoptosis↑, Ca+2↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, selectivity↑, TumCP↓, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, p62↓, ATG5↑, ATG7↑, Beclin-1↑, TumAuto↑, CaMKII ↓,
471- CUR,    Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death and protective autophagy by inhibiting AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in human ovarian cancer cells
- in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3 - in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S
Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, p62↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, p‑P70S6K↓, Casp9↑, PARP↑, ATG3↑, Beclin-1↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑,
477- CUR,    Curcumin induces G2/M arrest and triggers autophagy, ROS generation and cell senescence in cervical cancer cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, SiHa
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDC25↓, ROS↑, p62↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, P53↑, P21↑,
435- CUR,    Antitumor activity of curcumin by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy in human lung cancer A549 cells through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, Beclin-1↑, p62↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓,
1970- GamB,    Gambogic acid-induced autophagy in nonsmall cell lung cancer NCI-H441 cells through a reactive oxygen species pathway
- NA, Lung, NCI-H441
TumCG↓, TumAuto↑, Beclin-1↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, ROS↑, eff↓,
7321- Gos,    The potential roles of gossypol as anticancer agent: advances and future directions
- Review, Var, NA
other↝, BioAv↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, MOMP↑, ROS↑, ATP↓, mtDam↑, Apoptosis↑, hTERT/TERT↓, Akt↓, TumAuto↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, NRF2↓, ARE↓, ICAM-1↓, CX43/GJA1↓, NF-kB↓, TLR4↓, IL6↓, Inflam↓, CUL5↝, CUL1↝, NOXA↑, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, TumCA↓, FAK↓, MDM2↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, HLA-I/II↑, Imm↑, Dose↝, Glycolysis↓, OXPHOS↓,
7482- H2,    Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms, Delivery Methods, Preventive, and Therapeutic Application
- Review, Var, NA - Review, IBD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Sepsis, NA - Review, AD, NA
Dose↝, *Inflam↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *neuroP↑, *mTOR↓, *IL10↑, *TGF-β↑, *Sepsis↓, *NRF2↑, *antiOx↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *HO-1↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *hepatoP↑, *MPO↓, *cardioP↑, CDK4↓, CDK6↑, CD47↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, Hif1a↓, selectivity↑, *MMP↑, *ATP↑, *ER Stress↓, *CHOP/DDIT3↓, *Casp12↓, *GRP78/BiP↓, *p38↓, *p‑JNK↓, *LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, *p‑eIF2α↓, *ATF4↓, *XBP-1↓, *Imm↑, *IFN-γ↓, *IL4↓, *GranB/GZMB↓, NK cell↑, radioP↑, *CD4+↑, CD8+↑, *Dose↝, *other↑, *Dose↝, *antiPs↑, *BioAv↝, *GutMicro↑, Dose↝, *IBI↑, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, CD8+↑, PGC-1α↑, Akt↓, SCD1↓, *MDA↓, eff↑, *APP↓, *BACE/β-secretase↓, *Aβ↓, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, NP/CIPN↓, *Stroke↓, *NLRP3↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *LPS↓, *hepatoP↑, chemoP↑, *creat↓, *Urea↓, *RenoP↑, *eff↑, Apoptosis↑, XIAP↓, IAP2/BIRC3↓, TumVol↓, MALAT1↓, EZH2↓, miR-124-3p↓, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, *compII↑, *compIII↑, *LDL↓, *Obesity↓, QoL↑, PFS↑,
2507- H2,    Hydrogen protects against chronic intermittent hypoxia induced renal dysfunction by promoting autophagy and alleviating apoptosis
- in-vivo, NA, NA
*RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *Apoptosis↓, *ER Stress↓, *CHOP/DDIT3↓, *Casp12↓, *GRP78/BiP↓, *LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, *Beclin-1↑, *p62↓, *mTOR↓,
1627- HCA,  CRMs,  Sper,    Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance
- Review, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, eff↑, ACLY↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, TumAuto↑, other↓,
7775- IBC,    Isobavachalcone Induces Multiple Cell Death in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells
- vitro+vivo, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, Necroptosis↑, TumAuto↑, Akt↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑, RIP3↑, p‑RIP3↑, MLKL↑, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, mtDam↑, ATP↓, ROS↑, TumCG↓,
2076- PB,    Sodium Butyrate Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Colorectal Cells: Implications for Apoptosis
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, CRC, HT29
TumCP↓, TumAuto↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑, BID↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑, PDI↑, IRE1↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, LC3B↑, Beclin-1↑, other↝, other↝,
4862- Uro,    Neuroprotective effect of Urolithin A via downregulating VDAC1-mediated autophagy in Alzheimer's disease
- in-vivo, AD, NA - in-vitro, Nor, PC12
*cognitive↑, *p‑PI3K↓, *p‑Akt↓, *AMPK↑, *VDAC1↓, *neuroP↑, *PARK2↑, *PTEN↑, *LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, *p62↓, *Aβ↓, *Apoptosis↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 17 of 17

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 17

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

CD47↓, 1,   CUL1↝, 1,   CUL5↝, 1,   CX43/GJA1↓, 1,   HLA-I/II↑, 1,   miR-124-3p↓, 1,   PFS↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

ARE↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx4↓, 1,   GSH↓, 2,   H2O2↑, 1,   Iron↑, 3,   lipid-P↑, 1,   MDA↑, 2,   NADPH/NADP+↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   OXPHOS↓, 1,   mt-OXPHOS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 10,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

FTH1↓, 2,   NCOA4↑, 2,   TfR1/CD71↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↓, 3,   CDC25↓, 1,   MMP↓, 1,   mtDam↑, 4,   PGC-1α↑, 1,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ACLY↓, 1,   p‑AMPK↑, 1,   ATG7↑, 2,   cMyc↓, 1,   GAPDH↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 3,   HK2↓, 2,   lactateProd↓, 1,   PFKP↓, 1,   Pyruv↓, 1,   SCD1↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 8,   p‑Akt↓, 3,   Apoptosis↑, 9,   BAX↑, 2,   Bcl-2↓, 3,   BID↑, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 4,   cl‑Casp3↑, 3,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   Fap1↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IAP2/BIRC3↓, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   MDM2↓, 1,   MLKL↑, 1,   MOMP↑, 1,   Necroptosis↑, 1,   NOXA↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

CaMKII ↓, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

EZH2↓, 1,   other↓, 1,   other↝, 3,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 2,   IRE1↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

ATG3↑, 1,   ATG5↑, 3,   Beclin-1↑, 5,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 14,   LC3B↑, 1,   p62↓, 6,   p62↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 13,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 1,   P53↑, 1,   PARP↓, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 2,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK4↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

HDAC↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 4,   p‑mTOR↓, 3,   p‑P70S6K↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 3,   STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 5,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↓, 2,   Ca+2↑, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   MALAT1↓, 1,   RIP3↑, 1,   p‑RIP3↑, 1,   TumCA↓, 1,   TumCA↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 3,   TumCMig↓, 3,   TumCP↓, 6,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 3,   PDI↑, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

ICAM-1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   NK cell↑, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

CDK6↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 4,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↓, 3,   eff↑, 3,   selectivity↑, 4,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

EZH2↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

chemoP↑, 1,   NP/CIPN↓, 1,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   TumVol↓, 2,   TumW↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

CD8+↑, 2,  
Total Targets: 134

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

compII↑, 1,   Stroke↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   PARK2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   SOD↑, 1,   VDAC1↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↑, 1,   compIII↑, 1,   MMP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 1,   LDL↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↑, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 2,   Casp12↓, 2,   GranB/GZMB↓, 1,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   p38↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↓, 2,   p‑eIF2α↓, 1,   ER Stress↓, 2,   GRP78/BiP↓, 2,   XBP-1↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 3,   p62↓, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

mTOR↓, 2,   PI3K↑, 1,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   PTEN↑, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

APP↓, 1,   TGF-β↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

ATF4↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

IBI↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD4+↑, 1,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   LPS↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 2,   BACE/β-secretase↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↝, 1,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   creat↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Urea↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

antiPs↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 3,   Obesity↓, 1,   RenoP↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 74

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ, ratio of LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ
3 Curcumin
2 Citric Acid
2 Hydrogen Gas
1 3-bromopyruvate
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Capsaicin
1 Centella asiatica / Gotu kola → asiaticoside
1 Gambogic Acid
1 Gossypol/AT-101
1 HydroxyCitric Acid
1 Calorie Restriction Mimetics
1 Spermidine
1 Isobavachalcone
1 Phenylbutyrate
1 Urolithin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:685  State#:%  Dir#:2
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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