Th2 Cancer Research Results

Th2, Type 2 helper cell: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Type 2 helper cell (Th2) pathway is a subset of the immune response that plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation, allergies, and parasitic infections.
Key cytokines involved in the Th2 pathway: IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-9.

Elevated levels of certain Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-10) can suppress cytotoxic T cell responses, thereby impairing effective antitumor immunity.

In several cancers (such as ovarian, gastric, and certain breast cancers), high levels of Th2 cytokines or an increased Th2 cell infiltration have been observed.
 - The relative balance between Th1 and Th2 responses is critical, with a Th2-skewed response often suggesting a shift away from effective cytotoxic antitumor immunity.

A predominant Th2 environment is frequently linked to worse prognostic features, including enhanced tumor progression, increased metastasis, and reduced overall survival in some cancer types.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
552- Anamu,    A critical review of the therapeutic potential of dibenzyl trisulphide isolated from Petiveria alliacea L (guinea hen weed, anamu)
- Review, NA, NA
p‑MAPK↑, hyper-phosphorylation of growth factor induced MAPKinases (erk 1 and erk 2) phosphorylation,
Th1 response↓,
Th2↑,

2776- Bos,    Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of frankincense: Targets, treatments and toxicities
- Review, Var, NA
*5LO↓, Arthritis Human primary chondrocytes: 5-LOX↓, TNF-α↓, MMP3↓
*TNF-α↓,
*MMP3↓,
*COX1↓, COX-1↓, Leukotriene synthesis by 5-LOX↓
*COX2↓, Arthritis Human blood in vitro: COX-2↓, PGE2↓, TH1 cytokines↓, TH2 cytokines↑
*PGE2↓,
*Th2↑,
*Catalase↑, Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer: CAT↑, SOD↑, NO↑, PGE-2↑
*SOD↑,
*NO↑,
*PGE2↑,
*IL1β↓, inflammation Human PBMC, murine RAW264.7 macrophages: TNFα↓ IL-1β↓, IL-6↓, Th1 cytokines (IFNγ, IL-12)↓, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10)↑; iNOS↓, NO↓, phosphorylation of JNK and p38↓
*IL6↓,
*Th1 response↓,
*Th2↑,
*iNOS↓,
*NO↓,
*p‑JNK↓,
*p38↓,
GutMicro↑, colon carcinogenesis: gut microbiota; pAKT↓, GSK3β↓, cyclin D1↓
p‑Akt↓,
GSK‐3β↓,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
Akt↓, Prostate Ca: AKT and STAT3↓, stemness markers↓, androgen receptor↓, Sp1 promoter binding↓, p21(WAF1/CIP1)↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin D2↓, DR5↑,CHOP↑, caspases-3/-8↑, PARP cleavage, NFκB↓, IKK↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, caspase 3↑, DNA
STAT3↓,
CSCs↓,
AR↓,
P21↑,
DR5↑,
CHOP↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp8↑,
cl‑PARP↑,
DNAdam↑,
p‑RB1↓, Glioblastoma: pRB↓, FOXM1↓, PLK1↓, Aurora B/TOP2A pathway↓,CDC25C↓, pCDK1↓, cyclinB1↓, Aurora B↓, TOP2A↓, pERK-1/-2↓
FOXM1↓,
TOP2↓,
CDC25↓,
p‑CDK1↓,
p‑ERK↓,
MMP9↓, Pancreas Ca: Ki-67↓, CD31↓, COX-2↓, MMP-9↓, CXCR4↓, VEGF↓
VEGF↓,
angioG↓, Apoptosis↑, G2/M arrest, angiogenesis↓
ROS↑, ROS↑,
Cyt‑c↑, Leukemia : cytochrome c↑, AIF↑, SMAC/DIABLO↑, survivin↓, ICAD↓
AIF↑,
Diablo↑,
survivin↓,
ICAD↓,
ChemoSen↑, Breast Ca: enhancement in combination with doxorubicin
SOX9↓, SOX9↓
ER Stress↑, Cervix Ca : ER-stress protein GRP78↑, CHOP↑, calpain↑
GRP78/BiP↑,
cal2↓,
AMPK↓, Breast Ca: AMPK/mTOR signaling↓
mTOR↓,
ROS↓, Boswellia extracts and its phytochemicals reduced oxidative stress (in terms of inhibition of ROS and RNS generation)

1688- SSE,    Potential Role of Selenium in the Treatment of Cancer and Viral Infections
- Review, Var, NA
IL2↑, in mice promoted T cell receptor signaling that pushed T cell differentiation toward a Th1 phenotype by increasing interleukin -2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) production
INF-γ↑,
Th1 response↑, 18 human subjects treated with 200 μg selenium-enriched broccoli daily for three days showed that selenium supplementation resulted in substantially higher levels of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Th2↑,
Dose↑, Wang et al. on hens supplemented selenium (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 15 mg/kg) orally for three time periods (15, 30, and 45 days) found that excessive selenium intake leads to a substantial reduction in the amount of IFN-γ and IL-2 cytokines
AntiCan∅, after 5.5 years, the results of this study revealed no relationship between selenium supplementation and prostate cancer risk reduction in men with low selenium levels
Risk↑, instead, they discovered that taking selenium supplements raised the high-grade prostate cancer risk in men who had high selenium levels
chemoP↑, selenium provided protection of normal tissues from drug-induced toxicity
Hif1a↓, Selenium down-regulates HIFs,
VEGF↓, leading to the subsequent down-regulation in expression of several genes including those involved in angiogenesis such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
selectivity↑, Selenium also helps with DNA repair in response to DNA-damaging agents, which improves the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents by protecting normal cells from their toxicity.
*GADD45A↑, selenium protected WT-MEF from DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner by increasing the expression of p53-dependent DNA repair proteins such as XPC, XPE, and Gadd45a. Thus, cells lacking p53, such as tumor cells, did not receive the same protection
NRF2↓, a defined dose and schedule of selenium down-regulates and up-regulates Nrf2 in tumor tissue and normal tissue, respectively
*NRF2↑, a defined dose and schedule of selenium up-regulates Nrf2 in normal tissue
ChemoSen↑, These differential effects were associated with selective sensitization of tumor tissues to subsequent treatment with chemotherapy. Overactivation of Nrf2 increases the expression of MRPs, consequently decreasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy .
angioG↓, The inhibition of hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1α and VEGF by knocking down Nrf2 suppresses angiogenesis, demonstrating a crosstalk mechanism between Nrf2 and HIF-1α in angiogenesis
PrxI↓, Selenium was shown to reduce drug detoxification and increase cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer drugs in tumor cells through suppression of the Nrf2/Prx1 pathway,
ChemoSideEff↓, showed that selenium supplementation attenuated the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation through Nrf2 pathway activation
eff↑, combination of niacin and selenium reduced the reactive oxygen species generated by sepsis and diminished the resultant lung injury by upregulating Nrf2 signaling


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 3 of 3

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 3

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

NRF2↓, 1,   PrxI↓, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   CDC25↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   Diablo↑, 1,   DR5↑, 1,   ICAD↓, 1,   p‑MAPK↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

SOX9↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

p‑CDK1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   p‑RB1↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CSCs↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TOP2↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

cal2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   Hif1a↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL2↑, 1,   INF-γ↑, 1,   Th1 response↓, 1,   Th1 response↑, 1,   Th2↑, 2,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 2,   Dose↑, 1,   eff↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan∅, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   Risk↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 56

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

iNOS↓, 1,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   p38↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

GADD45A↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   MMP3↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 1,   NO↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   PGE2↑, 1,   Th1 response↓, 1,   Th2↑, 2,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 21

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Th2, Type 2 helper cell
1 dibenzyl trisulphide(DTS) from Anamu
1 Boswellia (frankincense)
1 Selenite (Sodium)
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

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