NAD Cancer Research Results

NAD, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: coenzyme
NAD generally refers to the oxidized form, known as NAD⁺
NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell signaling. Research has shown that NAD levels are often decreased in cancer cells, and this decrease can contribute to the development and progression of cancer.
NAD is a coenzyme that plays a central role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell signaling. It exists in two forms: NAD+ (oxidized) and NADH (reduced).

NADH is the reduced form of NAD⁺. When NAD⁺ accepts electrons (typically during metabolic processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and beta-oxidation), it becomes NADH.

NADPH, on the other hand, is a phosphorylated form of NADP+, which is a related coenzyme. NADPH is primarily involved in anabolic reactions, such as fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and antioxidant defenses.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
696- Bor,    Nothing Boring About Boron
- Review, Var, NA
*hs-CRP↓, reduces levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor μ (TNF-μ);
*TNF-α↓,
*SOD↑, raises levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase
*Catalase↑,
*GPx↑,
*cognitive↑, improves the brains electrical activity, cognitive performance, and short-term memory for elders; restricted boron intake adversely affected brain function and cognitive performance.
*memory↑, In humans, boron deprivation (<0.3 mg/d) resulted in poorer performance on tasks of motor speed and dexterity, attention, and short-term memory.
*Risk↓, Boron-rich diets and regions where the soil and water are rich in boron correlate with lower risks of several types of cancer, including prostate, breast, cervical, and lung cancers.
*SAM-e↑,
*NAD↝, Boron strongly binds oxidized NAD+,76 and, thus, might influence reactions in which NAD+ is involved
*ATP↝,
*Ca+2↝, Because of its positive charge, magnesium stabilizes cell membranes, balances the actions of calcium, and functions as a signal transducer
HDAC↓, some boronated compounds are histone deacetylase inhibitors
TumVol↓,
IGF-1↓, expression of IGF-1 in the tumors was significantly reduced by boron treatment
PSA↓, Boronic acid has been shown to inhibit PSA activity.
Cyc↓, boric acid inhibits the growth of prostate-cancer cells both by decreasing expression of A-E cyclin
TumCMig↓,
*serineP↓, Boron exists in the human body mostly in the form of boric acid, a serine protease inhibitor.
HIF-1↓, shown to greatly inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1
*ChemoSideEff↓, An in vitro study found that boric acid can help protect against genotoxicity and cytotoxicity that are induced in lymphocytes by paclitaxel
*VitD↑, greater production of 25-hydroxylase, and, thus, greater potential for vitamin-D activation
*Mag↑, Boron significantly improves magnesium absorption and deposition in bone
*eff↑, boron increases the biological half-life and bioavailability of E2 and vitamin D.
Risk↓, risk of prostate cancer was 52% lower in men whose diets supplied more than 1.8 mg/d of boron compared with those whose dietary boron intake was less than or equal to 0.9 mg/d.
*Inflam↓, As research into the chemistry of boron-containing compounds has increased, they have been shown to be potent antiosteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic agents
*neuroP↑, In addition, boron has anti-inflammatory effects that can help alleviate arthritis and improve brain function and has demonstrated such significant anticancer
*Calcium↑, increase serum levels of estradiol and calcium absorption in peri- and postmenopausal women.
*BMD↑, boron stimulates bone growth in vitamin-D deficient animals and alleviates dysfunctions in mineral metabolism characteristic of vitamin-D deficiency
*chemoP↑, may help ameliorate the adverse effects of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. boric acid can help protect against genotoxicity and cytotoxicity that are induced in lymphocytes by paclitaxel, an anticancer drug commonly used to treat breast, ovarian
AntiCan↑, demonstrated preventive and therapeutic effects in a number of cancers, such as prostate, cervical, and lung cancers, and multiple and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
*Dose↑, only an upper intake level (UL) of 20 mg/d for individuals aged ≥ 18 y.
*Dose↝, substantial number of articles showing benefits support the consideration of boron supplementation of 3 mg/d for any individual who is consuming a diet lacking in fruits and vegetables
*BMPs↑, Boron was also found to increase mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)
*testos↑, 1 week of boron supplementation of 6 mg/d, a further study by Naghii et al20 of healthy males (n = 8) found (1) a significant increase in free testosterone,
angioG↓, Inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis prevents growth of many types of solid tumors and provides a novel approach for cancer treatment; thus, HIF-1 is a target of antineoplastic therapy.
Apoptosis↑, Cancer cells, however, commonly overexpress sugar transporters and/or underexpress borate export, rendering sugar-borate esters as promising chemopreventive agents
*selectivity↑, In normal cells, the 2 latter, cell-destructive effects do not occur because the amount of borate present in a healthy diet, 1 to 10 mg/d, is easily exported from normal cells.
*chemoPv↑, promising chemopreventive agents

726- Bor,    Redox Mechanisms Underlying the Cytostatic Effects of Boric Acid on Cancer Cells—An Issue Still Open
- Review, NA, NA
NAD↝, high affinity for the ribose moieties of NAD+
SAM-e↝, high affinity for S-adenosylmethione
PSA↓,
IGF-1↓,
Cyc↓, reduction in cyclins A–E
P21↓,
p‑MEK↓,
p‑ERK↓, ERK (P-ERK1/2)
ROS↑, induce oxidative stress by decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)
SOD↓,
Catalase↓,
MDA↑,
GSH↓,
IL1↓, IL-1α
IL6↓,
TNF-α↓,
BRAF↝,
MAPK↝,
PTEN↝,
PI3K/Akt↝,
eIF2α↑,
ATF4↑,
ATF6↑,
NRF2↑,
BAX↑,
BID↑,
Casp3↑,
Casp9↑,
Bcl-2↓,
Bcl-xL↓,


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 2 of 2

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 2

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↑, 1,   SAM-e↝, 1,   SOD↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

p‑MEK↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

NAD↝, 1,   PI3K/Akt↝, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   BID↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   MAPK↝, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   eIF2α↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

Cyc↓, 2,   P21↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

BRAF↝, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 2,   PTEN↝, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TumCMig↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   ATF4↑, 1,   HIF-1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   PSA↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BRAF↝, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   PSA↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 41

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   SAM-e↑, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↝, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

NAD↝, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↝, 1,   serineP↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,   VitD↑, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

testos↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Dose↑, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BMD↑, 1,   BMPs↑, 1,   Calcium↑, 1,   hs-CRP↓, 1,   Mag↑, 1,   VitD↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoP↑, 1,   chemoPv↑, 1,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 29

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: NAD, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:815  State#:%  Dir#:4
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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