GSH Cancer Research Results

GSH, Glutathione: Click to Expand ⟱
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Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system.
cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment.
While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied.
Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy.
Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death.
Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion.
Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

"...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..."
"Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells."
"...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy."

The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2646- AL,    Anti-Cancer Potential of Homemade Fresh Garlic Extract Is Related to Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Melanoma, RPMI-8226
AntiCan↑, simple homemade ethanol-based garlic extract (GE). We show that GE inhibits growth of several different cancer cells in vitro
eff↓, These activities were lost during freeze or vacuum drying, suggesting that the main anti-cancer compounds in GE are volatile.
ChemoSen↑, We found that GE enhanced the activities of chemotherapeutics
ER Stress↑, Our data indicate that the reduced proliferation of the cancer cells treated by GE is at least partly mediated by increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
tumCV↓, homemade GE was found to reduce the viability of the two multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, RPMI-8226 and JJN3, as well as the prostate cancer cell line DU145 in a dose-dependent manner,
DNAdam↑, GE alone slightly increased the percentage of tail DNA (% Tail) (representing cumulative levels of abasic sites, as well as single- and double-strand DNA breaks) measured at day one, compared to untreated cells
GSH∅, We could not detect any changes in cellular GSH levels after treatments with GE
HSP70/HSPA5↓, ; however, in support of increased ER stress after GE treatment, we detected an increased pulldown of HSPA5 (BIP), a member of the Hsp70 family
UPR↑, s leading to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER (also known as GRP78)
β-catenin/ZEB1↓, we also found a reduction in the β-catenin leve
ROS↑, In further support for increased ER stress induced by GE, which will lead to elevated ROS-levels and oxidative stress
HO-2↑, we found a significant increase in proteins activated by and important for regulating cellular ROS levels, e.g., OXR1, Txnl1, Hmox2, and Sirt1
SIRT1↑,
GlucoseCon∅, glucose consumption, as well as lactate secretion, were not changed.
lactateProd∅,
chemoP↑, Garlic is reported to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress

3386- ART/DHA,    Effects of Caffeine-Artemisinin Combination on Liver Function and Oxidative Stress in Selected Organs in 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene-Treated Rats
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*MDA↑, Table 1 normal vs art
*SOD↓, Table 2 normal vs art
*GSH∅, Table 3 normal vs art (slight increase)
*Catalase↓, table 4 normal vs art

912- QC,  2DG,    Selected polyphenols potentiate the apoptotic efficacy of glycolytic inhibitors in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Regulation by protein kinase activities
Apoptosis↑,
ROS↓, 2-DG (5 mM) and Quer (10–40 μM) reduced the basal intracellular ROS content in HL60 cells
GSH∅, GSH levels were not significantly affected by treatment for 3 h
other↑, activated apoptosis throughout the mitochondrial (“intrinsic”) executioner pathway

580- VitC,  MF,    Extremely low frequency magnetic field induces oxidative stress in mouse cerebellum
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*other↓, ascorbic acid levels were significantly decreased by ELF-MF exposure
*MDA↓, significant increase in malondialdehyde level
*GPx∅, increase in superoxide dismutase without alteration in glutathione peroxidase activity
*SOD↑, SOD activity was significantly increased in mouse cerebellum
*GSH∅, GSH contents were not significantly different from sham controls,


Showing Research Papers: 1 to 4 of 4

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 4

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH∅, 2,   HO-2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

GlucoseCon∅, 1,   lactateProd∅, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ER Stress↑, 1,   HSP70/HSPA5↓, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ChemoSen↑, 1,   eff↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 19

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   GPx∅, 1,   GSH∅, 2,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 8

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GSH, Glutathione
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Artemisinin
1 Quercetin
1 2-DeoxyGlucose
1 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
1 Magnetic Fields
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

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