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| Also known as CP32. Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) is a common key protein in the apoptosis and pyroptosis pathways, and when activated, the expression level of tumor suppressor gene Gasdermin E (GSDME) determines the mechanism of tumor cell death. As a key protein of apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave GSDME and induce pyroptosis. Loss of caspase activity is an important cause of tumor progression. Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy. Caspase 3 is the main effector caspase and has a key role in apoptosis. In many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer, caspase-3 expression is reduced or absent. On the other hand, some studies have shown that high levels of caspase-3 expression can be associated with a better prognosis in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This suggests that caspase-3 may play a role in the elimination of cancer cells, and that therapies aimed at activating caspase-3 may be effective in treating certain types of cancer. Procaspase-3 is a apoptotic marker protein. Prognostic significance: • High Cas3 expression: Associated with good prognosis and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers. • Low Cas3 expression: Linked to poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian, and prostate cancers. |
| 6620- | Ech, | Echinacea purpurea diminishes neovascular reaction induced in mice skin by human cancer cells and stimulates non-specific cellular immunity in humans |
| - | in-vivo, | Var, | NA |
| 7208- | EGb 761, | EGb 761 reduces Ca2+ influx and apoptosis after pentylenetetrazole treatment in a neuroblastoma cell line |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | SH-SY5Y |
| 7194- | EGb 761, | Kaempferol and quercetin, components of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in oral cavity cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | NA |
| 3238- | EGCG, | Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3201- | EGCG, | Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): Pharmacological Properties, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3203- | EGCG, | (-)- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces GRP78 accumulation in the ER and shifts mesothelioma constitutive UPR into proapoptotic ER stress |
| - | in-vitro, | MM, | NA |
| 3205- | EGCG, | The Role of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS)-Induced Apoptosis of Human Diseas |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 3206- | EGCG, | Insights on the involvement of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in ER stress-mediated apoptosis in age-related macular degeneration |
| - | Review, | AMD, | NA |
| 3208- | EGCG, | Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway by Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Activation of PERK/p-eIF2α/ATF4 and IRE1α |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | HT29 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | 3T3 |
| 6784- | EGCG, | Dietary (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): State-of-the-Art Advances in Bioactivities, Bioavailability Enhancement Strategies, and Applications in Nutrition and Health |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG |
| 1516- | EGCG, | Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): Pharmacological Properties, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1303- | EGCG, | (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells via ROS generation and p38 MAP kinase activation |
| - | in-vitro, | EC, | NA |
| 20- | EGCG, | Potential Therapeutic Targets of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Most Abundant Catechin in Green Tea, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer |
| - | in-vivo, | Liver, | NA | - | in-vivo, | Tong, | NA |
| 22- | EGCG, | Inhibition of sonic hedgehog pathway and pluripotency maintaining factors regulate human pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | CD133+ | - | in-vitro, | PC, | CD44+ | - | in-vitro, | PC, | CD24+ | - | in-vitro, | PC, | ESA+ |
| - | in-vitro, | HCC, | NA | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 668- | EGCG, | The Potential Role of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Breast Cancer Treatment |
| - | Review, | BC, | MCF7 | - | Review, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 689- | EGCG, | EGCG inhibited bladder cancer SW780 cell proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo via down regulation of NF-κB and MMP-9 |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Bladder, | SW780 |
| 681- | EGCG, | Suppressing glucose metabolism with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) reduces breast cancer cell growth in preclinical models |
| - | vitro+vivo, | BC, | NA |
| 5225- | EMD, | Emodin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model by blocking activation of STAT3 |
| - | vitro+vivo, | HCC, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | HCC, | Hep3B | - | in-vitro, | HCC, | HUH7 |
| 6819- | EMD, | Recent advances in the therapeutic potential of emodin for human health |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 6820- | EMD, | The Health Benefits of Emodin, a Natural Anthraquinone Derived from Rhubarb—A Summary Update |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | Arthritis, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 6823- | EMD, | Role of emodin to prevent gastrointestinal cancers: recent trends and future prospective |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6829- | EMD, | Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 6832- | EMD, | Emodin induces apoptosis of human cervical cancer hela cells via intrinsic mitochondrial and extrinsic death receptor pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 6834- | EMD, | Emodin induces apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells through poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and activation of caspase-9 |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 6836- | EMD, | Emodin and the Anthraquinone Scaffold: Therapeutic Promise and Strategies to Overcome Translational Barriers |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 1332- | EMD, | Induction of Apoptosis in HepaRG Cell Line by Aloe-Emodin through Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Mitochondrial Pathway |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | HepaRG |
| 1327- | EMD, | Emodin induces apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 1323- | EMD, | Anticancer action of naturally occurring emodin for the controlling of cervical cancer |
| - | Review, | Cerv, | NA |
| 1325- | EMD, | PacT, | Emodin enhances antitumor effect of paclitaxel on human non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | A549 |
| 1318- | EMD, | Aloe-emodin Induces Apoptosis in Human Liver HL-7702 Cells through Fas Death Pathway and the Mitochondrial Pathway by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HL7702 |
| 1328- | EMD, | Emodin induces apoptosis of human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells through reactive oxygen species and mitochondria-dependent pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Tong, | SCC4 |
| 1329- | EMD, | Aloe-emodin induces cell death through S-phase arrest and caspase-dependent pathways in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Tong, | SCC4 |
| 1331- | EMD, | Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via caspase-8-mediated activation of the mitochondrial death pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | NPC, | NA |
| 1330- | EMD, | Aloe emodin-induced apoptosis in t-HSC/Cl-6 cells involves a mitochondria-mediated pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Var, | NA |
| 1245- | EMD, | Emodin Exhibits Strong Cytotoxic Effect in Cervical Cancer Cells by Activating Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 3460- | EP, | Picosecond pulsed electric fields induce apoptosis in HeLa cells via the endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase-dependent signaling pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 5519- | EP, | Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEFs) for Precision Intracellular Oncotherapy: Recent Advances and Emerging Directions |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6797- | EPA, | Effects of cellular redox balance on induction of apoptosis by eicosapentaenoic acid in HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and rat colon in vivo |
| - | in-vivo, | Colon, | HT29 |
| 6583- | EU, | Inactivation of AKT/NF-κB signaling by eurycomalactone decreases human NSCLC cell viability and improves the chemosensitivity to cisplatin |
| - | in-vitro, | NSCLC, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | NSCLC, | Calu-1 |
| 6586- | EU, | Unfermented Freeze-Dried Leaf Extract of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 |
| 6356- | Eug, | Cin, | Investigating the Molecular Mechanisms of the Anticancer Effects of Eugenol and Cinnamaldehyde Against Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Cells In Vitro |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SW-620 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | Caco-2 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NCM460 |
| 6390- | Eug, | Molecular mechanisms of eugenol as an antitumour bioactive compound: A comprehensive review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6389- | Eug, | Molecular Insights into the Management of Eugenol's Anticancer Action Against Colon Cancer: A Detailed Review |
| - | Review, | Colon, | NA |
| 6388- | Eug, | Eugenol’s anti-cancer properties, its modulation of signalling pathways, and cascades across various cancers: A review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6325- | Eug, | Anticancer Properties of Eugenol: A Review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6323- | Eug, | Eugenol: An Insight Into the Anticancer Perspective and Pharmacological Aspects |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | Arthritis, | NA |
| 6333- | Eug, | Cisplatin, | Rad, | Eugenol Exerts Apoptotic Effect and Modulates the Sensitivity of HeLa Cells to Cisplatin and Radiation |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 6332- | Eug, | Anti-metastatic and anti-proliferative activity of eugenol against triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | SkBr3 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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