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| Cytochrome c ** The term "release of cytochrome c" ** an increase in level for the cytosol. Small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it plays a critical role in cellular respiration. Cytochrome c is highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes. It is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction as its iron atom converts between the ferrous and ferric forms, but does not bind oxygen. It also plays a major role in cell apoptosis. The term "release of cytochrome c" refers to a critical step in the process of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. In its new location—the cytosol—cytochrome c participates in the apoptotic signaling pathway by helping to form the apoptosome, which activates caspases that execute cell death. Cytochrome c is a small protein normally located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Its primary role in healthy cells is to participate in the electron transport chain, a process that helps produce energy (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeability leads to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. The release of cytochrome c is a pivotal event in apoptosis where cytochrome c moves from the mitochondria to the cytosol, initiating a chain reaction that leads to programmed cell death. On the one hand, cytochrome c can promote cancer cell survival and proliferation by regulating the activity of various signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway. This can lead to increased cell growth and resistance to apoptosis, which are hallmarks of cancer. On the other hand, cytochrome c can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells by interacting with other proteins, such as Apaf-1 and caspase-9. This can lead to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which can result in the death of cancer cells. Overexpressed in Breast, Lung, Colon, and Prostrate. Underexpressed in Ovarian, and Pancreatic. |
| 3416- | TQ, | Thymoquinone induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cell via endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent mitochondrial pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | T24/HTB-9 | - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | 253J | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | SV-HUC-1 |
| 5221- | TQ, | Thymoquinone induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-8 and mitochondrial events in p53-null myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
| 5904- | TV, | Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA | - | Review, | Diabetic, | NA | - | Review, | Obesity, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Arthritis, | NA |
| 3790- | UA, | Therapeutic applications of ursolic acid: a comprehensive review and utilization of predictive tools |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4841- | Uro, | Urolithin A induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2, increasing p53-p21 proteins and reactive oxygen species production in colorectal cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT29 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SW480 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SW-620 |
| 3142- | VitC, | Vitamin C promotes apoptosis in breast cancer cells by increasing TRAIL expression |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF12A |
| 1740- | VitD3, | Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1824- | VitK2, | Vitamin K and its analogs: Potential avenues for prostate cancer management |
| - | Review, | Pca, | NA |
| 1818- | VitK2, | New insights on vitamin K biology with relevance to cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1816- | VitK2, | Role of Vitamin K in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2285- | VitK2, | New insights into vitamin K biology with relevance to cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2279- | VitK2, | Vitamin K2 Induces Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells via ROS and JNK/p38 MAPK Signal Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | T24/HTB-9 | - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | J82 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | L02 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 1838- | VitK3, | PDT, | Photodynamic Effects of Vitamin K3 on Cervical Carcinoma Cells Activating Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | NA |
| 7914- | VT, | Vitexin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | A549 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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