TGF-β Cancer Research Results

TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj(inhibit) CGL-CS TCGA
Type:
Human malignancies frequently exhibit mutations in the TGF-β pathway, and overactivation of this system is linked to tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting the innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses.
Anti-inflammatory cytokine.
In normal tissues, TGF-β plays an essential role in cell cycle regulation, immune function, and tissue remodeling.
- In early carcinogenesis, TGF-β typically acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.

In advanced cancers, cells frequently become resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-β.
- TGF-β then switches roles and promotes tumor progression by stimulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion.

Non-canonical (Smad-independent) pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Rho signaling, also contribute to TGF-β-mediated responses.

Elevated levels of TGF-β have been detected in many advanced-stage cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers.
 - The switch from a tumor-suppressive to a tumor-promoting role is often associated with increased TGF-β production and activation in the tumor microenvironment.

High TGF-β expression or signaling activity is frequently correlated with aggressive disease features, resistance to therapy, increased metastasis, and poorer overall survival in many cancer types.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1246- EMD,    Emodin reduces Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by suppressing Macrophage-induced Breast Cancer Cell Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Cancer Stem Cell formation
- in-vivo, BC, NA
TGF-β↓, EMT↓, CSCs↓,
7045- EMD,  TSG,    Synergic effects and possible mechanism of emodin and stilbene glycosides on colorectal cancer
- vitro+vivo, CRC, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumVol↓, IL6↓, TGF-β↓, i-P53↓, i-STAT3↓,
6820- EMD,    The Health Benefits of Emodin, a Natural Anthraquinone Derived from Rhubarb—A Summary Update
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA - Review, AD, NA
*diuretic↑, *Bacteria↓, *Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, *toxicity↓, IFN-γ↑, IL12↑, ROS↑, TNF-α↓, TNF-α↓, TGF-β↓, MAPK↓, PKCδ↓, NF-kB↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, VEGF↓, DNAdam↑, Necroptosis↑, Glycolysis↓, GLUT1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, eff↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, P-gp/ABCB1↓, SREBP2↓, eff↑, *other↝, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *Hif1a↓, *HDAC↓, *tau↓, *PKCδ↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, AntiAg?,
6580- EU,    Eurycomanone Blocks TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, Migration, and Invasion Pathways in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting Smad and Non-Smad Signaling
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Lung, Calu-1
TumCMig↓, MMP2↓, EMT↓, E-cadherin↑, Akt↓, N-cadherin↓, TGF-β↓, Smad1↓,
2839- FIS,    Dietary flavonoid fisetin for cancer prevention and treatment
- Review, Var, NA
DNAdam↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, lipid-P↓, TumCG↓, TumCA↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, uPA↓, ERK↓, MMP9↓, NF-kB↓, cFos↓, cJun↓, AP-1↓, TumCCA↑, AR↓, mTORC1↓, mTORC2↓, TSC2↑, EGF↓, TGF-β↓, EMT↓, P-gp/ABCB1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, eff↑, ROS↓, ER Stress↑, IRE1↑, ATF4↑, GRP78/BiP↑, ChemoSen↑, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, cycE/CCNE↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, P21↑, COX2/PTGS2↓, Wnt↓, EGFR↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, TCF-4↓, MMP7↓, RadioS↑, eff↑,
4027- FulvicA,    Mummy Induces Apoptosis Through Inhibiting of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Human Breast Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, Nor, MCF10
tumCV↓, selectivity↑, TGF-β↓, Twist↓, NOTCH1↓, CTNNB1↓, Src↓, E-cadherin↑, EMT↓, TumMeta↓, BioAv↑,
805- GAR,  Cisplatin,  PacT,    Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells
- Review, NA, NA
ERK↓, PI3K/Akt↓, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, STAT3↓, NF-kB↓, ChemoSen↑, COX2/PTGS2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, HATs↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, Zeb1↓, ZEB2↓, Let-7↑, MMP9↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, IL6↓, NOTCH1↓, antiNeop↑,
817- GAR,    Garcinol inhibits esophageal cancer metastasis by suppressing the p300 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways
- vitro+vivo, SCC, KYSE150 - vitro+vivo, SCC, KYSE450
HATs↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, CBP↓, p300↓, TGF-β↓, Ki-67↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓,
822- GAR,    Garcinol, a Polyisoprenylated Benzophenone Modulates Multiple Proinflammatory Signaling Cascades Leading to the Suppression of Growth and Survival of Head and Neck Carcinoma
- vitro+vivo, HNSCC, NA
ROS↑, STAT3↓, cSrc↓, JAK1↓, JAK2↓, NF-kB↓, TGF-β↓, TumCG↓,
1117- GBE,    Ginkgobiloba leaf extract mitigates cisplatin-induced chronic renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells mediated by the Smad3/TGF-β1 and Smad3/p38 MAPK pathways
- vitro+vivo, Kidney, HK-2
α-SMA↓, COL1↓, TGF-β↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, p38↓, p‑p38↓, Vim↓, TIMP1↓, CCN2/CTGF↓, E-cadherin↑, MMP1:TIMP1↑,
941- Gos,  Rad,    The Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Gossypol Inhibits Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
- in-vivo, NA, NA
lactateProd↓, other↓, TGF-β↓,
7482- H2,    Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms, Delivery Methods, Preventive, and Therapeutic Application
- Review, Var, NA - Review, IBD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA - Review, Sepsis, NA - Review, AD, NA
Dose↝, *Inflam↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *neuroP↑, *mTOR↓, *IL10↑, *TGF-β↑, *Sepsis↓, *NRF2↑, *antiOx↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *HO-1↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *hepatoP↑, *MPO↓, *cardioP↑, CDK4↓, CDK6↑, CD47↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, Hif1a↓, selectivity↑, *MMP↑, *ATP↑, *ER Stress↓, *CHOP/DDIT3↓, *Casp12↓, *GRP78/BiP↓, *p38↓, *p‑JNK↓, *LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, *p‑eIF2α↓, *ATF4↓, *XBP-1↓, *Imm↑, *IFN-γ↓, *IL4↓, *GranB/GZMB↓, NK cell↑, radioP↑, *CD4+↑, CD8+↑, *Dose↝, *other↑, *Dose↝, *antiPs↑, *BioAv↝, *GutMicro↑, Dose↝, *IBI↑, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, CD8+↑, PGC-1α↑, Akt↓, SCD1↓, *MDA↓, eff↑, *APP↓, *BACE/β-secretase↓, *Aβ↓, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, NP/CIPN↓, *Stroke↓, *NLRP3↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *LPS↓, *hepatoP↑, chemoP↑, *creat↓, *Urea↓, *RenoP↑, *eff↑, Apoptosis↑, XIAP↓, IAP2/BIRC3↓, TumVol↓, MALAT1↓, EZH2↓, miR-124-3p↓, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, *compII↑, *compIII↑, *LDL↓, *Obesity↓, QoL↑, PFS↑,
1649- HCAs,    Anticancer Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids -A Review
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCCA↑, COX2/PTGS2↓, NF-kB↓,
4636- HT,    Hydroxytyrosol inhibits cancer stem cells and the metastatic capacity of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines by the simultaneous targeting of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Wnt/ß-catenin and TGFß signaling
- in-vitro, BC, SUM159 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, HS587T - in-vitro, BC, BT549
Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, LRP6↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, EMT↓, Slug↓, Zeb1↓, Snail↓, Vim↓, TGF-β↓, CSCs↓, TumCMig↓, chemoP↑,
4632- HT,    Hydroxytyrosol inhibits cancer stem cells and the metastatic capacity of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines by the simultaneous targeting of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ signaling pathways
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, BT549 - in-vitro, BC, SUM159
CSCs↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Wnt↓, p‑LRP6↓, LRP6↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, EMT↓, Slug↓, Zeb1↓, Snail↓, Vim↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓, TGF-β↓,
7749- ISL,    Inhibition of COX-2, mPGES-1 and CYP4A by isoliquiritigenin blocks the angiogenic Akt signaling in glioma through ceRNA effect of miR-194-5p and lncRNA NEAT1
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
angioG↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, mPGES-1↓, CYP4A/CYP4A11/CYP4A22↓, FGF21↓, TGF-β↓, VEGF↓, miR-194↑, NEAT1↓,
7873- isoO,    Isoorientin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury via the activation of MAPK, Akt, and Caspase-dependent signaling pathways
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2 - in-vitro, CRC, HT-29 - in-vitro, Lung, A549
ChemoSen↑, TumCP↓, chemoP↑, *ROS↓, *mtDam↓, *Apoptosis↓, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *TGF-β↑, *p‑JNK↓, *p‑p38↓, *MAPK↝, *Akt↝, *STAT3↝,
1122- LF,  MTX,    Lactoferrin Reverses Methotrexate Driven Epithelial Barrier Defect by Inhibiting TGF-β Mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
- in-vivo, Colon, Caco-2
TGF-β↓, EMT↓,
1060- LT,  BTZ,    Luteolin inhibits the TGF-β signaling pathway to overcome bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma
- vitro+vivo, Melanoma, NA
ALDH1A1↓, TGF-β↓, ChemoSen↑,
4520- MAG,    Magnolol Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Development In Vivo and In Vitro via Negatively Regulating TGF-β/Smad Signaling
- vitro+vivo, PC, PANC1
Vim↓, E-cadherin↑, EMT↓, N-cadherin↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TGF-β↓,
2643- MCT,    Medium Chain Triglycerides enhances exercise endurance through the increased mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism
- Review, Nor, NA
*Akt↑, *AMPK↓, *TGF-β↓, eff↑, *BioEnh↑, *ATP↑, *PGC-1α↑, *p‑mTOR↑, *SMAD3↓,
2386- MET,    Mechanisms of metformin inhibiting cancer invasion and migration
- Review, Var, NA
OS↑, AMPK↑, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, mTOR↓, P70S6K↓, PKM2↓, Hif1a↓, ChemoSen↑,
4111- MF,    Coupling of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) therapy to molecular grounds of the cell
- Review, Arthritis, NA
*Inflam↓, *Cartilage↑, *Pain↓, *QoL↑, *Dose↝, *VEGF↑, *NO↑, *TGF-β↑, *MMP9↓, *PGE2↑, *GPx3↑, *SOD2↑, *Catalase↑, *GSR↑, *Ca+2↑,
3536- MF,    Targeting Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/Pericytes (MSCs) With Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Has the Potential to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Review, Arthritis, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, *Diff↑, *toxicity∅, *other↑, *SOX9↑, *COL2A1↑, *NO↓, *PGE2↓, *NF-kB↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL10↑, *angioG↑, *MSCs↑, *VEGF↑, *TGF-β↑, *angioG↝, *VEGF↓, Ca+2↝,
3478- MF,    One Month of Brief Weekly Magnetic Field Therapy Enhances the Anticancer Potential of Female Human Sera: Randomized Double-Blind Pilot Study
- Trial, BC, NA - in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, Nor, C2C12
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, *toxicity∅, TGF-β↓, Twist↓, Slug↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Vim↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD3↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, selectivity↑, LIF↑,
3468- MF,    An integrative review of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) and wound healing
- Review, NA, NA
*other↑, *necrosis↓, *IL6↑, *TGF-β↑, *iNOS↑, *MMP2↑, *MCP1/CCL2↑, *HO-1↑, *Inflam↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *BioAv↑, eff⇅, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, TumCP↓, *ROS↓, *FGF↑,
3497- MFrot,  MF,    The Effect of a Rotating Magnetic Field on the Regenerative Potential of Platelets
- Human, Nor, NA
*PDGFR-BB↑, *TGF-β↑, *IGF-1↑, *FGF↑, *angioG↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓,
201- MFrot,  MF,    Gradient Rotating Magnetic Fields Impairing F-Actin-Related Gene CCDC150 to Inhibit Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis by Inactivating TGF-β1/SMAD3 Signaling Pathway
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, BT549 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-468
CCDC150↓, TGF-β↓, SMAD3↓,
1798- NarG,    Naringenin: A potential flavonoid phytochemical for cancer therapy
- Review, NA, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↓, neuroP↑, hepatoP↑, AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, angioG↓, ROS↝, SOD↑, TGF-β↓, Treg lymp↓, IL1β↓, *BioAv↝, ChemoSen↑, cardioP↑,
2048- PB,    Sodium Phenylbutyrate Inhibits Tumor Growth and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo
- in-vitro, OS, CAL27 - in-vitro, Oral, HSC3 - in-vitro, OS, SCC4 - in-vivo, NA, NA
*NH3↓, *HDAC↓, *ER Stress↓, Apoptosis?, Bcl-2↓, cl‑Casp3↑, TGF-β↑, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumVol↓, eff↑,
3250- PBG,    Allergic Inflammation: Effect of Propolis and Its Flavonoids
- Review, NA, NA
*SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *Prx↑, *HO-1↑, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL4↑, *IL10↑, *TLR4↓, *LOX1↓, *COX1↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *NF-kB↓, *AP-1↓, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *TGF-β↓, *IL8↓, *MMP9↓, *α-SMA↓, *MDA↓,
3257- PBG,    The Potential Use of Propolis as a Primary or an Adjunctive Therapy in Respiratory Tract-Related Diseases and Disorders: A Systematic Scoping Review
- Review, Var, NA
CDK4↓, CDK6↓, pRB↓, ROS↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, EMT↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *MPO↓, *MDA↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *IL1β↓, *IL10↓, *GPx↓, *TLR4↓, *Sepsis↓, *IFN-γ↑, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *α-SMA↓, *TGF-β↓, *IL5↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, *PGE2↓, *NF-kB↓, *MMP9↓,
1681- PBG,    Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases
- Review, Nor, NA
*Inflam↓, *AntiCan↑, *antiOx↑, *hyperG↓, *BG↓, *HbA1c↓, *NF-kB↓, *ROS↓, *TGF-β↑, *selectivity↑,
1257- PI,    Piperlongumine attenuates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad and EMT pathways
- ex-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*Fibronectin↓, *α-SMA↓, *COL1↓, *COL3A1↓, *TGF-β↓, *EMT↓, *MMP2↓, *α-SMA↓, *Smad7↑, *E-cadherin↑, *Vim↓, *hepatoP↑, *antiOx↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓,
3368- QC,    The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *AntiCan↑, Casp3↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, p‑ERK↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Hif1a↓, AntiAg↓, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, EMT↓, EGFR↓, MMP2↓, MMP↓, TumMeta↓, MMPs↓, Akt↓, Snail↓, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, E-cadherin↑, STAT3↓, TGF-β↓, ROS↓, P53↑, BAX↑, PKCδ↓, PI3K↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, cFLIP↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, IL6↓, IL10↓, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, DNMTs↓, HDAC↓, ac‑H3↑, ac‑H4↑, Diablo↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP1↑, eff↑, PTEN↑, VEGF↓, NO↓, iNOS↓, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, uPA↓, CXCR4↓, CXCL12↓, CLDN2↓, CDK6↓, MMP9↓, TSP-1↑, Ki-67↓, PCNA↓, ROS↑, ER Stress↑,
3369- QC,    Pharmacological basis and new insights of quercetin action in respect to its anti-cancer effects
- Review, Pca, NA
FAK↓, TumCCA↑, p‑pRB↓, CDK2↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDK1↓, EMT↓, PI3K↓, MAPK↓, Wnt↓, ROS↑, miR-21↑, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, FasL↑, Bak↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↓, Casp9↑, P53↑, p38↑, MAPK↑, Cyt‑c↑, PARP↓, CHOP/DDIT3↑, ROS↓, LDH↑, GRP78/BiP↑, ERK↑, MDA↓, SOD↑, GSH↑, NRF2↑, VEGF↓, PDGF↓, EGF↓, FGF↓, TNF-α↓, TGF-β↓, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, EGFR↓, FGFR1↓, mTOR↓, cMyc↓, MMPs↓, LC3B-II↑, Beclin-1↑, IL1β↓, CRP↓, IL10↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, IL6↓, TLR4↓, Shh↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, NOTCH↓, DR5↑, HSP70/HSPA5↓, CSCs↓, angioG↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGFBP3↑, uPA↓, uPAR↓, RAS↓, Raf↓, TSP-1↑,
923- QC,    Quercetin as an innovative therapeutic tool for cancer chemoprevention: Molecular mechanisms and implications in human health
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, Ca+2↝, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, other↓, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, HO-1↑, TumCCA↑, Inflam↓, STAT3↓, DR5↑, P450↓, MMPs↓, IFN-γ↓, IL6↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, IL8↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓, cl‑PARP↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, Sp1/3/4↓, survivin↓, TRAILR↑, Casp10↑, DFF45↑, TNFR 1↑, Fas↑, NF-kB↓, IKKα↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, E-cadherin↓, Vim↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, EMT↓, MMP2↓, NOTCH1↓, MMP7↓, angioG↓, TSP-1↑, CSCs↓, XIAP↓, Snail↓, Slug↓, LEF1↓, P-gp/ABCB1↓, EGFR↓, GSK‐3β↓, mTOR↓, RAGE↓, HSP27↓, VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, COL1↓, COL3A1↓,
3092- RES,    Resveratrol in breast cancer treatment: from cellular effects to molecular mechanisms of action
- Review, BC, MDA-MB-231 - Review, BC, MCF7
TumCP↓, tumCV↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *Keap1↓, *NRF2↑, *ROS↓, p62↓, IL1β↓, CRP↓, VEGF↓, Bcl-2↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, FOXO4↓, POLD1↓, CK2↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, Beclin-1↓, Ki-67↓, ATP↓, GlutMet↓, PFK↓, TGF-β↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓, Vim?, Snail↓, Slug↓, E-cadherin↑, EMT↓, Zeb1↓, Fibronectin↓, IGF-1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, HO-1↑, eff↑, PD-1↓, CD8+↑, Th1 response↑, CSCs↓, RadioS↑, SIRT1↑, Hif1a↓, mTOR↓,
103- RES,  CUR,  QC,    The effect of resveratrol, curcumin and quercetin combination on immuno-suppression of tumor microenvironment for breast tumor-bearing mice
- vitro+vivo, BC, 4T1
ROS↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp9↑, T-Cell↑, TGF-β↓,
878- RES,    Resveratrol suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer through TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression
- vitro+vivo, CRC, LoVo
TumMeta↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, TGF-β↓, SMAD2↓, EMT↓, SMAD3↓,
3619- RosA,    Rosmarinic acid suppresses Alzheimer’s disease development by reducing amyloid β aggregation by increasing monoamine secretion
- Review, AD, NA
*BioAv↓, *BBB↝, *monoA↑, *TGF-β↓, *Aβ↓,
7381- RS,    In-vitro anticancer activity of Rauvolfia tetraphylla extract on mcf-7 breast cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, BC, MCF7
AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, DNAdam↑, Bcl-2↓, TGF-β↓, Dose↝,
7378- RS,    Reserpine inhibits DNA repair, cell proliferation, invasion and induces apoptosis in oral carcinogenesis via modulation of TGF-β signaling
*antiOx↑, *AntiBio↑, TGF-β↓, p‑SMAD3↓, p‑SMAD2↓, p‑SMAD4↓, SMAD3↓, Snail↓, ERCC1↓, ERCC4/XPF↓, Ku70/XRCC6↓, PCNA↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Hif1a↓, IL6↓, Mcl-1↓, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, APAF1↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, PARP↑, DNArepair↓, TumCP↓, TumCI↓,
4485- Se,    Selenium stimulates the antitumour immunity: Insights to future research
- Review, NA, NA
*antiOx↑, chemoPv↑, ROS↑, Imm↑, selenoP↑, *IL2↑, *IL4↑, *TNF-α↓, *TGF-β↓, *EMT↓, Risk↓, *GPx↑, *TrxR↑,
3301- SIL,    Critical review of therapeutic potential of silymarin in cancer: A bioactive polyphenolic flavonoid
- Review, Var, NA
Inflam↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↓, TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, angioG↓, chemoP↑, radioP↑, p‑ERK↓, p‑p38↓, p‑JNK↓, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, TGF-β↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, E-cadherin↑, Wnt↓, Vim↓, VEGF↓, IL6↓, STAT3↓, *ROS↓, IL1β↓, PGE2↓, CDK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, survivin↓, Mcl-1↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, cMyc↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, Hif1a↓, CXCR4↓, CSCs↓, EMT↓, N-cadherin↓, PCNA↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, ROS↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, HER2/EBBR2↓,
3294- SIL,    Silymarin: a review on paving the way towards promising pharmacological agent
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*hepatoP↑, *Inflam↓, *chemoP↑, *glucose↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *ACC↓, *FASN↓, *radioP↑, *NF-kB↓, *TGF-β↓, *AST↓, *α-SMA↝, *eff↑, *neuroP↑, eff↑, ROS↓,
3282- SIL,    Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions
- Review, NA, NA
hepatoP↑, AntiCan↑, TumCMig↓, Hif1a↓, selectivity↑, toxicity∅, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, CDK4↓, NF-kB↓, ERK↓, PSA↓, TumCG↓, p27/CDKN1B↑, COX2/PTGS2↓, IL1↓, VEGF↓, IGFBP3↑, AR↓, STAT3↓, Telomerase↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, eff↝, HDAC↓, HATs↑, Zeb1↓, E-cadherin↑, miR-203↑, NHE1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, PGE2↓, Vim↓, Wnt↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, *TIMP1↓, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, CD44↓, EGFR↓, PDGF↓, *IL8↓, SREBP1/SREBF1↓, MMP↓, ATP↓, uPA↓, PD-L1↓, NOTCH↓, *SIRT1↑, SIRT1↓, CA↓, Ca+2↑, chemoP↑, cardioP↑, Dose↝, Half-Life↝, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, toxicity↝, Half-Life↓, ROS↓, FAK↓,
2359- SK,    Regulating lactate-related immunometabolism and EMT reversal for colorectal cancer liver metastases using shikonin targeted delivery
- in-vivo, Liver, NA
TumCG↓, PKM2↓, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, Glycolysis↓, lactateProd↓, ATP↓,
2363- SK,    Inhibition of PKM2 by shikonin impedes TGF-β1 expression by repressing histone lactylation to alleviate renal fibrosis
- in-vivo, CKD, NA
PKM2↓, lactateProd↓, TGF-β↓,
2213- SK,    Shikonin attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting NOD2/RIP2/NF-κB-mediated microglia polarization and neuroinflammation
- in-vivo, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *iNOS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *ARG1/2↑, *TGF-β↑, *IL10↑, *NF-kB↓, *eff↓,

Showing Research Papers: 51 to 100 of 111
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 111

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

CD47↓, 1,   CYP4A/CYP4A11/CYP4A22↓, 1,   ERCC4/XPF↓, 1,   Ku70/XRCC6↓, 1,   miR-124-3p↓, 1,   NEAT1↓, 1,   PFS↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

GSH↓, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   lipid-P↓, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 6,   ROS↑, 12,   ROS↝, 1,   selenoP↑, 1,   SOD↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↓, 3,   EGF↓, 2,   FGFR1↓, 1,   MMP↓, 6,   PGC-1α↑, 1,   Raf↓, 1,   XIAP↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   cMyc↓, 4,   ERCC1↓, 1,   FGF21↓, 1,   GlutMet↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   lactateProd↓, 3,   LDH↑, 1,   PFK↓, 1,   PI3K/Akt↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 3,   POLD1↓, 1,   SCD1↓, 1,   SIRT1↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,   SREBP1/SREBF1↓, 1,   SREBP2↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 10,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis?, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 9,   Bak↑, 1,   BAX↑, 8,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 10,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp10↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 2,   Casp3↑, 6,   cl‑Casp3↑, 2,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 8,   cl‑Casp9↑, 1,   CBP↓, 1,   cFLIP↓, 1,   CK2↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 5,   Diablo↑, 1,   DR5↑, 2,   Fas↑, 1,   FasL↑, 1,   IAP2/BIRC3↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 2,   MAPK↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 2,   Necroptosis↑, 1,   p27/CDKN1B↑, 1,   p38↓, 1,   p38↑, 1,   p‑p38↓, 2,   survivin↓, 2,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TNFR 1↑, 1,   TRAILR↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

cSrc↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 3,   Sp1/3/4↓, 1,   TSC2↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

cJun↓, 1,   EZH2↓, 1,   ac‑H3↑, 1,   ac‑H4↑, 1,   HATs↓, 2,   HATs↑, 1,   miR-21↑, 1,   other↓, 2,   pRB↓, 1,   p‑pRB↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 2,   GRP78/BiP↑, 2,   HSP27↓, 1,   HSP70/HSPA5↓, 1,   IRE1↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

Beclin-1↓, 1,   Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3B-II↑, 1,   p62↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DFF45↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 4,   DNArepair↓, 1,   DNMTs↓, 1,   P53↑, 4,   i-P53↓, 1,   PARP↓, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   PARP1↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 3,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 2,   CDK2↓, 1,   CDK2↑, 1,   CDK4↓, 4,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 2,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 7,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↑, 3,   TumCCA↑, 12,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ALDH1A1↓, 1,   CD44↓, 1,   cFos↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 7,   CTNNB1↓, 1,   EMT↓, 18,   ERK↓, 3,   ERK↑, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 2,   FGF↓, 1,   FOXO4↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 2,   IGF-1↓, 1,   IGFBP3↑, 2,   Let-7↑, 1,   LRP6↓, 2,   p‑LRP6↓, 1,   miR-194↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 5,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   mTORC1↓, 1,   mTORC2↓, 1,   NOTCH↓, 2,   NOTCH1↓, 3,   p300↓, 1,   P70S6K↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 8,   PTEN↑, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   Shh↓, 1,   Src↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 6,   i-STAT3↓, 1,   TCF-4↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 5,   Wnt↓, 6,   Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AntiAg?, 1,   AntiAg↓, 1,   AP-1↓, 1,   CA↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 1,   Ca+2↝, 2,   CCDC150↓, 1,   CCN2/CTGF↓, 1,   CLDN2↓, 1,   COL1↓, 2,   COL3A1↓, 1,   CXCL12↓, 1,   E-cadherin↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 12,   FAK↓, 2,   Fibronectin↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 3,   LEF1↓, 1,   MALAT1↓, 1,   miR-203↑, 1,   MMP1:TIMP1↑, 1,   MMP2↓, 9,   MMP7↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 9,   MMPs↓, 3,   N-cadherin↓, 5,   PDGF↓, 2,   PKCδ↓, 2,   RAGE↓, 1,   Slug↓, 5,   Smad1↓, 1,   SMAD2↓, 5,   p‑SMAD2↓, 4,   SMAD3↓, 7,   p‑SMAD3↓, 4,   p‑SMAD4↓, 1,   Snail↓, 6,   TGF-β↓, 34,   TGF-β↑, 1,   TIMP1↓, 1,   Treg lymp↓, 1,   TSP-1↑, 3,   TumCA↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 9,   TumCMig↓, 10,   TumCP↓, 8,   TumMeta↓, 5,   Twist↓, 2,   uPA↓, 4,   uPAR↓, 1,   Vim?, 1,   Vim↓, 12,   Zeb1↓, 5,   ZEB2↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 6,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 8,   ATF4↑, 1,   EGFR↓, 5,   Hif1a↓, 7,   NO↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 12,   VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, 2,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 1,   NHE1↓, 1,   P-gp/ABCB1↓, 3,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 9,   CRP↓, 2,   CXCR4↓, 2,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IFN-γ↑, 1,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL1↓, 1,   IL10↓, 2,   IL12↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 4,   IL6↓, 7,   IL8↓, 1,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   JAK1↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 1,   LIF↑, 1,   mPGES-1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 8,   NK cell↑, 1,   PD-1↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 2,   PSA↓, 1,   T-Cell↑, 1,   Th1 response↑, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AR↓, 2,   CDK6↓, 2,   CDK6↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 3,   BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 9,   Dose↝, 4,   eff↑, 18,   eff⇅, 1,   eff↝, 1,   Half-Life↓, 1,   Half-Life↝, 1,   P450↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 4,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

AR↓, 2,   CRP↓, 2,   EGFR↓, 5,   EZH2↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 3,   IL6↓, 7,   Ki-67↓, 3,   LDH↑, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   RAGE↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 4,   antiNeop↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 2,   chemoP↑, 5,   chemoPv↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 1,   NP/CIPN↓, 1,   OS↑, 1,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 2,   Risk↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,   TumVol↓, 3,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

CD8+↑, 3,  
Total Targets: 303

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

AntiBio↑, 1,   compII↑, 1,   diuretic↑, 1,   Stroke↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 10,   Catalase↑, 4,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx↑, 3,   GPx3↑, 1,   GSH↑, 3,   GSR↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 3,   hyperG↓, 1,   Keap1↓, 1,   MDA↓, 3,   MPO↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 5,   Prx↑, 1,   ROS↓, 12,   SOD↑, 3,   SOD2↑, 1,   TrxR↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↑, 2,   compIII↑, 1,   MMP↑, 1,   mtDam↓, 1,   PGC-1α↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ACC↓, 1,   ALAT↓, 2,   AMPK↓, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   LDL↓, 1,   NH3↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↑, 2,   Akt↝, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Casp12↓, 1,   GranB/GZMB↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   iNOS↑, 1,   p‑JNK↓, 2,   MAPK↝, 1,   necrosis↓, 1,   p38↓, 1,   p‑p38↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

SOX9↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↑, 3,   other↝, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↓, 1,   p‑eIF2α↓, 1,   ER Stress↓, 2,   GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   XBP-1↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

Diff↑, 1,   EMT↓, 2,   FGF↑, 2,   HDAC↓, 2,   IGF-1↑, 1,   MSCs↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   p‑mTOR↑, 1,   PI3K↑, 1,   STAT3↝, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AP-1↓, 1,   APP↓, 1,   ARG1/2↑, 1,   Ca+2↑, 1,   Cartilage↑, 1,   COL1↓, 1,   COL2A1↑, 1,   COL3A1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   Fibronectin↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP2↑, 1,   MMP9↓, 3,   PKCδ↑, 1,   SMAD3↓, 1,   Smad7↑, 1,   TGF-β↓, 7,   TGF-β↑, 8,   TIMP1↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 4,   α-SMA↝, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↑, 2,   angioG↝, 1,   ATF4↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,   LOX1↓, 1,   NO↓, 1,   NO↑, 1,   PDGFR-BB↑, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,   VEGF↑, 2,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↝, 1,   IBI↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD4+↑, 1,   COX1↓, 1,   COX2/PTGS2↓, 3,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IFN-γ↑, 1,   IL10↓, 1,   IL10↑, 4,   IL1β↓, 6,   IL2↑, 1,   IL4↓, 1,   IL4↑, 2,   IL5↓, 1,   IL6↓, 6,   IL6↑, 1,   IL8↓, 3,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 15,   LPS↓, 1,   MCP1/CCL2↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 6,   PGE2↓, 2,   PGE2↑, 1,   TLR4↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 7,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

monoA↑, 1,   tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 2,   BACE/β-secretase↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   BioAv↝, 2,   BioEnh↑, 1,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   AST↓, 3,   BG↓, 1,   creat↓, 1,   GutMicro↑, 1,   HbA1c↓, 1,   IL6↓, 6,   IL6↑, 1,   Urea↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   antiPs↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 3,   chemoP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 4,   neuroP↑, 5,   Obesity↓, 1,   Pain↓, 1,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity∅, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,   Sepsis↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 163

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
10 Curcumin
6 Magnetic Fields
6 Thymoquinone
5 Artemisinin
5 Ellagic acid
5 Quercetin
5 Emodin
4 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
3 Baicalein
3 Radiotherapy/Radiation
3 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
3 Garcinol
3 Propolis -bee glue
3 Resveratrol
3 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
3 Shikonin
2 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
2 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
2 Berberine
2 Piperine
2 HydroxyTyrosol
2 Magnetic Field Rotating
2 Rauwolfia serpentina/Indian Snakeroot
1 1,8-Cineole
1 3-bromopyruvate
1 Silver-NanoParticles
1 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
1 Andrographis
1 Isovitexin
1 Berbamine
1 Betulinic acid
1 Boron
1 Caffeine
1 Celecoxib
1 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
1 Oxaliplatin
1 Date Fruit Extract
1 D-limonene
1 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
1 Docetaxel
1 Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside
1 Eurycomanone
1 Fisetin
1 Shilajit/Fulvic Acid
1 Cisplatin
1 Paclitaxel/Taxol
1 Ginkgo biloba
1 Gossypol/AT-101
1 Hydrogen Gas
1 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
1 Isoliquiritigenin
1 isoorientin
1 Lactoferrin
1 methotrexate
1 Luteolin
1 Bortezomib
1 Magnolol
1 MCToil
1 Metformin
1 Naringin
1 Phenylbutyrate
1 Rosmarinic acid
1 Selenium
1 Salvia miltiorrhiza
1 doxorubicin
1 Ursolic acid
1 Vitamin B5,Pantothenic Acid
1 Vitamin D3
1 Vitamin K2
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:304  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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