PKM2 Cancer Research Results

PKM2, Pyruvate Kinase, Muscle 2: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: enzyme
PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase, Muscle 2) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in glycolysis, the process by which cells convert glucose into energy. PKM2 is a key regulatory enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, and it is primarily expressed in various tissues, including muscle, brain, and cancer cells.
-C-myc is a common oncogene that enhances aerobic glycolysis in the cancer cells by transcriptionally activating GLUT1, HK2, PKM2 and LDH-A
-PKM2 has been shown to be overexpressed in many types of tumors, including breast, lung, and colon cancer. This overexpression may contribute to the development and progression of cancer by promoting glycolysis and energy production in cancer cells.
-inhibition of PKM2 may cause ATP depletion and inhibiting glycolysis.
-PK exists in four isoforms: PKM1, PKM2, PKR, and PKL
-PKM2 plays a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in diabetes.
-PKM2 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy.
– Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the final, rate-limiting step of glycolysis, converting phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate with the production of ATP.
– The PKM2 isoform is uniquely regulated and can exist in both highly active tetrameric and less active dimeric forms.
– Cancer cells often favor the dimeric form of PKM2 to slow pyruvate production, thereby accumulating upstream glycolytic intermediates that can be diverted into anabolic pathways to support cell growth and proliferation.
– Under low oxygen conditions, cancer cells rely on altered metabolic pathways in which PKM2 is a key player. – The shift to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) orchestrated in part by PKM2 helps tumor cells survive and grow in hypoxic conditions.

– Elevated expression of PKM2 is frequently observed in many cancer types, including lung, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers.
– High levels of PKM2 are often correlated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness, poor differentiation, and advanced clinical stage.

PKM2 in carcinogenesis and oncotherapy

Inhibitors of PKM2:
-Shikonin, Resveratrol, Baicalein, EGCG, Apigenin, Curcumin, Ursolic Acid, Citrate (best known as an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis) potential to directly inhibit or modulate PKM2 is less well established

Full List of PKM2 inhibitors from Database
-key connected observations: Glycolysis↓, lactateProd↓, ROS↑ in cancer cell, while some result for opposite effect on normal cells.
Tumor pyruvate kinase M2 modulators

Flavonoids effect on PKM2
Compounds name IC50/AC50uM Effect
Flavonols
1. Fisetin 0.90uM Inhibition
2. Rutin 7.80uM Inhibition
3. Galangin 8.27uM Inhibition
4. Quercetin 9.24uM Inhibition
5. Kaempferol 9.88uM Inhibition
6. Morin hydrate 37.20uM Inhibition
7. Myricetin 0.51uM Activation
8. Quercetin 3-b- D-glucoside 1.34uM Activation
9. Quercetin 3-D -galactoside 27-107uM Ineffective
Flavanons
10. Neoeriocitrin 0.65uM Inhibition
11. Neohesperidin 14.20uM Inhibition
12. Naringin 16.60uM Inhibition
13. Hesperidin 17.30uM Inhibition
14. Hesperitin 29.10uM Inhibition
15. Naringenin 70.80uM Activation
Flavanonols
16. (-)-Catechin gallateuM 0.85 Inhibition
17. (±)-Taxifolin 1.16uM Inhibition
18. (-)-Epicatechin 1.33uM Inhibition
19. (+)-Gallocatechin 4-16uM Ineffective
Phenolic acids
20. Ferulic 11.4uM Inhibition
21. Syringic and 13.8uM Inhibition
22. Caffeic acid 36.3uM Inhibition
23. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 78.7uM Inhibition
24. Gallic acid 332.6uM Inhibition
25. Shikimic acid 990uM Inhibition
26. p-Coumaric acid 22.2uM Activation
27. Sinapinic acids 26.2uM Activation
28. Vanillic 607.9uM Activation


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2395- EGCG,    EGCG inhibits diabetic nephrophathy through up regulation of PKM2
- Study, Diabetic, NA
*PKM2↑, *Apoptosis↓, *PGC-1α↑,
2302- EGCG,    Flavonoids Targeting HIF-1: Implications on Cancer Metabolism
- Review, Var, NA
TumCP↓, Hif1a↓, LDHA↓, PFK↓, cardioP↑, Glycolysis↓, PKM2↓,
2309- EGCG,  Chemo,    Targeting Glycolysis with Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapeutics in Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Xenografts
- in-vitro, PC, MIA PaCa-2 - in-vitro, Nor, HPNE - in-vitro, PC, PANC1 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCG↓, eff↑, ROS↑, ECAR↓, ChemoSen↑, selectivity↑, Glycolysis↓, PFK↓, PKA↓, HK2∅, LDHA∅, PFKP↓, PKM2↓, H2O2↑, TumW↓,
2422- EMD,    Anti-Cancer Effects of Emodin on HepG2 Cells as Revealed by 1H NMR Based Metabolic Profiling
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2
HK2↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, Glycolysis↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↓, glut↓, Hif1a↓,
2345- EMD,    Emodin ameliorates antioxidant capacity and exerts neuroprotective effect via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation
- in-vitro, AD, PC12
*PKM2↓, *neuroP↑,
1654- FA,    Molecular mechanism of ferulic acid and its derivatives in tumor progression
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Inflam↓, RadioS↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↑, TumCI↓, angioG↓, ChemoSen↑, ChemoSideEff↓, P53↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, TumW↓, miR-34a↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, BAX↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, SOD↓, GSH↓, LDH↓, ERK↑, eff↑, JAK2↓, STAT6↓, NF-kB↓, PYCR1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Ki-67↓, VEGF↓, FGFR1↓, EMT↓, CAIX↓, LC3II↑, p62↑, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, *BioAv↓,
2401- Flav,    In vitro effects of some flavonoids and phenolic acids on human pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
PKM2↓,
2313- Flav,    Flavonoids against the Warburg phenotype—concepts of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine to cut the Gordian knot of cancer cell metabolism
- Review, Var, NA
Warburg↓, antiOx↑, angioG↓, Glycolysis↓, PKM2↓, PKM2:PKM1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, HK2↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, GLUT1↓, Hif1a↓,
2400- HCAs,    The Mixture of Ferulic Acid and P-Coumaric Acid Suppresses Colorectal Cancer through lncRNA 495810/PKM2 Mediated Aerobic Glycolysis
- in-vitro, CRC, NA - in-vivo, CRC, NA
PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, TumCG↓,
2407- HCAs,    2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibits cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by targeting the pyruvate kinase M2
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP
p‑PKM2↓, TumCG↓,
2178- itraC,    Itraconazole inhibits tumor growth via CEBPB-mediated glycolysis in colorectal cancer
- in-vivo, CRC, HCT116
TumCG↓, Glycolysis↓, CEBPB?, ENO1↓, LDHA↓, PKM2↓, GAPDH↓, ECAR↓, OCR↓,
2390- KaempF,    Kaempferol Can Reverse the 5-Fu Resistance of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inhibiting PKM2-Mediated Glycolysis
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT8
eff↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, glucose↑,
2351- lamb,    Anti-Warburg effect via generation of ROS and inhibition of PKM2/β-catenin mediates apoptosis of lambertianic acid in prostate cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
proCasp3↓, proPARP↓, LDHA↓, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, PKM2↓, lactateProd↓, p‑STAT3↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, ROS↑, eff↓,
2346- LT,    Luteolin suppressed PKM2 and promoted autophagy for inducing the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↓, PKM2↓, TumAuto↑,
2376- MET,    Metformin Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Keloid Fibroblasts via the HIF-1α/PKM2 Signaling Pathway
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*Hif1a↓, *EMT↓, *p‑P70S6K↓, *PKM2↓,
2375- MET,    Metformin inhibits gastric cancer via the inhibition of HIF1α/PKM2 signaling
- in-vitro, GC, SGC-7901
tumCV↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, PARP↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, Hif1a↓, PKM2↓, COX2↓,
2371- MET,    The role of pyruvate kinase M2 in anticancer therapeutic treatments
- Review, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, PKM2↓, Hif1a↓, EMT↓,
2377- MET,    Metformin Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via PKM2 Relative-mTOR/p70s6k Signaling Pathway in Cervical Carcinoma Cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, Cerv, SiHa
EMT↓, P70S6K↓, mTOR↓, PKM2↓, Warburg↓, AMPK↑,
2378- MET,    Metformin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma via the mTOR/HIF-1α/PKM2/STAT3 pathway
- in-vitro, SCC, CAL27 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, EMT↓, mTOR↓, Hif1a↓, PKM2↓, STAT3↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, Snail↓, STAT3↓,
2379- MET,    Down‐regulation of PKM2 enhances anticancer efficiency of THP on bladder cancer
- in-vitro, Bladder, T24/HTB-9 - in-vitro, BC, UMUC3
PKM2↓, p‑STAT3↓, TumCG↓, eff↑, chemoP↑, AMPK↑,
2374- MET,    Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Downregulates Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Breast Cancer Cells Only When Grown in Nutrient-Poor Conditions
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, SkBr3 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
eff↑, Apoptosis↑, Glycolysis↓, PKM2↓, mTOR↓, PARP↓,
2384- MET,    Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals metformin suppresses thyroid cancer progression via inhibiting glycolysis and restraining DNA replication
- in-vitro, Thyroid, BCPAP - in-vivo, NA, NA - in-vitro, Thyroid, TPC-1
Glycolysis↓, OXPHOS↑, tumCV↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, EMT↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, LDHA↓, PKM2↓, IDH1↑, TumCG↓,
2385- MET,    Metformin activates chaperone-mediated autophagy and improves disease pathologies in an Alzheimer disease mouse model
- in-vitro, AD, H4 - in-vitro, NA, HEK293 - in-vivo, NA, NA - in-vitro, NA, SH-SY5Y
*HK2↓, *PKM2↓, *Dose↝, IKKα↑, memory↑, p‑Hsc70↑, APP↓,
2386- MET,    Mechanisms of metformin inhibiting cancer invasion and migration
- Review, Var, NA
OS↑, AMPK↑, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, mTOR↓, P70S6K↓, PKM2↓, Hif1a↓, ChemoSen↑,
2387- MET,  GEM,    Metformin Increases the Response of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells to Gemcitabine by Suppressing Pyruvate Kinase M2 to Activate Mitochondrial Apoptosis
- in-vitro, CCA, HCC9810
eff↑, tumCV↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, PKM2↓, PDHB↓,
2249- MF,    Pulsed electromagnetic fields modulate energy metabolism during wound healing process: an in vitro model study
- in-vitro, Nor, L929
*TumCMig↑, *tumCV↑, *Glycolysis↑, *ROS↓, *mitResp↓, *other↝, *OXPHOS↓, *pH↑, *antiOx↑, *PFKM↑, *PFKL↑, *PKM2↑, *HK2↑, *GLUT1↑, *GPx1↑, *GPx4↑, *SOD1↑,
2260- MF,    Alternative magnetic field exposure suppresses tumor growth via metabolic reprogramming
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, LN229 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCP↓, TumCG↓, OS↑, ROS↑, SOD2↑, eff↓, ECAR↓, OCR↑, selectivity↑, *toxicity∅, TumVol↓, PGC-1α↑, OXPHOS↑, Glycolysis↓, PKM2↓,
525- MF,    Pulsed electromagnetic fields regulate metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial fission in endothelial cells for angiogenesis
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*angioG↑, *GPx1↑, *GPx4↑, *SOD↑, *PFKM↑, *PFKL↑, *PKM2↑, *PFKP↑, *HK2↑, *GLUT1↑, *GLUT4↑, *ROS↓, *MMP↝, *Glycolysis↑, *OXPHOS↓,
991- OA,    Blockade of glycolysis-dependent contraction by oroxylin a via inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase-a in hepatic stellate cells
- in-vivo, NA, NA - in-vivo, Nor, NA
*Glycolysis↓, *GlucoseCon↓, *lactateProd↓, *ECAR↓, *HK2↓, *PFK↓, *PKM2↓, *LDHA↓,
2452- PA,    Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Hexokinase II, Pachymic Acid Impairs Glucose Metabolism and Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis
- in-vitro, BC, SkBr3
HK2↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, mtDam↑, ATP↓, ROS↑, PKM2↑,
2396- PACs,    PKM2 is the target of proanthocyanidin B2 during the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma
- in-vitro, HCC, HCCLM3 - in-vitro, HCC, SMMC-7721 cell - in-vitro, HCC, Bel-7402 - in-vitro, HCC, HUH7 - in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, Nor, L02
TumCP↓, TumCCA↓, Apoptosis↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, OXPHOS↑, ChemoSen↑, HSP90↓, Hif1a↓,
2429- PB,    Impact of butyrate on PKM2 and HSP90β expression in human colon tissues of different transformation stages: a comparison of gene and protein data
- in-vitro, Colon, NA
PKM2↓, *HSP90↑, HSP90∅,
1231- PBG,    Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation in inflammatory microenvironment by suppressing glycolysis and lipid metabolism
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, MMP↓, TLR4↓, TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, IL1β↓, IL6↓, IRAK4↓, GLUT1↓, GLUT3↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, ACC↓, FASN↓, eff↓,
1672- PBG,    The Potential Use of Propolis as an Adjunctive Therapy in Breast Cancers
- Review, BC, NA
ChemoSen↓, RadioS↑, Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, Dose∅, mtDam↑, Apoptosis?, OCR↓, ATP↓, ROS↑, ROS↑, LDH↓, TP53↓, Casp3↓, BAX↓, P21↓, ROS↑, eNOS↑, iNOS↑, eff↑, hTERT/TERT↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, STAT3↓, TIMP1↓, IL4↓, IL10↓, OS↑, Dose∅, ER Stress↑, ROS↑, NF-kB↓, p65↓, MMP↓, TumAuto↑, LC3II↑, p62↓, TLR4↓, mtDam↑, LDH↓, ROS↑, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, PKM2↓, LDH↓, IL10↓, HDAC8↓, eff↑, eff↑, P21↑,
1661- PBG,    Propolis: a natural compound with potential as an adjuvant in cancer therapy - a review of signaling pathways
- Review, Var, NA
JNK↓, ERK↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, FAK↓, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, P21↑, p27↑, TRAIL↑, BAX↑, P53↑, ERK↓, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, PFK↓,
1664- PBG,    Anticancer Activity of Propolis and Its Compounds
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, P21↑, p27↑, CDK1↓, p‑CDK1↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, P70S6K↓, CLDN2↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, TLR4↓, H3↓, α-tubulin↓, ROS↑, Akt↓, GSK‐3β↓, FOXO3↓, NF-kB↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, i-Ca+2↑, lipid-P↑, ER Stress↑, UPR↑, PERK↑, eIF2α↑, GRP78/BiP↑, BAX↑, PUMA↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, eff↑, eff↑, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, eff↑,
2382- PBG,    Integration with Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveals the In Vitro Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Chinese Poplar Propolis by Triggering the Glucose Metabolism in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2
TumCP↓, Glycolysis↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, GLUT1↓, GLUT2↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PKM2↓, PFK↓, Dose↝,
2381- PBG,    Chinese Poplar Propolis Inhibits MDA-MB-231 Cell Proliferation in an Inflammatory Microenvironment by Targeting Enzymes of the Glycolytic Pathway
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, IL6↓, NLRP3↓, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, ROS↑, MMP↓,
2380- PBG,    Potential Strategies for Overcoming Drug Resistance Pathways Using Propolis and Its Polyphenolic/Flavonoid Compounds in Combination with Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
- Review, Var, NA
Hif1a↓, Glycolysis↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, GLUT2↓, HK2↓, PFK1↓, PDK1↓, chemoP↓, radioP↑,
2409- PTS,    Pterostilbene Induces Pyroptosis in Breast Cancer Cells through Pyruvate Kinase 2/Caspase-8/Gasdermin C Signaling Pathway
- in-vitro, BC, EMT6 - in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vitro, Nor, HC11
Pyro↑, Glycolysis↓, *toxicity∅, selectivity↑, GSDMC↑, PKM2↓, PKM1↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, ATP↓, TumCG↓,
2408- PTS,    Pterostilbene suppresses the growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting glycolysis and PKM2/STAT3/c-MYC signaling pathway
- in-vitro, ESCC, NA
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, PKA↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, PKM2↓, STAT3↓, cMyc↓,
2343- QC,    Pharmacological Activity of Quercetin: An Updated Review
- Review, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *GSH↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *MDA↓, *GPx↑, *Copper↓, *Iron↓, Apoptosis↓, TumCCA↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, PKM2↓, GLUT1↓, LDHA↓, ROS↑,
2338- QC,    Quercetin: A Flavonoid with Potential for Treating Acute Lung Injury
- Review, Nor, NA
*SIRT1↑, *NLRP3↓, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *PKM2↓, *HO-1↑, *ROS↓, *NO↓, *MDA↓, *antiOx↑, *COX2↓, *HMGB1↓, *iNOS↓, *NF-kB↓,
2339- QC,    Quercetin protects against LPS-induced lung injury in mice via SIRT1-mediated suppression of PKM2 nuclear accumulation
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *NLRP3↓, *Sepsis↓, *PKM2↓, *SIRT1↓,
2340- QC,    Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells with Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib Are Sensitive to Anti-Cancer Effect of Quercetin via Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2)
- in-vitro, OS, NA
TumCG↓, GlucoseCon↓, TumCI↓, GLUT1↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, Glycolysis↓, lactateProd↓, HK2↓, eff↑,
2341- QC,    Quercetin suppresses the mobility of breast cancer by suppressing glycolysis through Akt-mTOR pathway mediated autophagy induction
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vivo, NA, NA
MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, Glycolysis↓, lactateProd↓, PKM2↓, GLUT1↓, LDHA↓, TumAuto↑, Akt↓, mTOR↓, TumMeta↓, MMP3↓, eff↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, TumAuto↑, LC3B-II↑,
2344- QC,    Quercetin: A natural solution with the potential to combat liver fibrosis
- Review, Nor, NA
*HK2↓, *PFKP↓, *PKM2↓, *hepatoP↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *Glycolysis↓, *lactateProd↓, *GlucoseCon↓, *CXCL1↓, *Inflam↓,
910- QC,    The Anti-Cancer Effect of Quercetin: Molecular Implications in Cancer Metabolism
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, MAPK↝, ERK↝, TumCCA↑, H2O2↑, ROS↑, TumAuto↑, MMPs↓, P53↑, Casp3↑, Hif1a↓, cFLIP↓, IL6↓, IL10↓, lactateProd↓, Glycolysis↓, PKM2↓, GLUT1↓, COX2↓, VEGF↓, OCR↓, ECAR↓, STAT3↓, MMP2↓, MMP9:TIMP1↓, mTOR↓,
2333- RES,    Resveratrol regulates insulin resistance to improve the glycolytic pathway by activating SIRT2 in PCOS granulosa cells
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*glucose↓, *Insulin↓, *IGFR↓, *IGF-1↓, *LDHA↑, *HK2↑, *PKM2↑, *Glycolysis↝, *SIRT2↑,
2334- RES,    Glut 1 in Cancer Cells and the Inhibitory Action of Resveratrol as A Potential Therapeutic Strategy
- Review, Var, NA
GLUT1↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Dose↝, SIRT6↑, PKM2↓, HK2↓, PFK1↓, ChemoSen↑,

Showing Research Papers: 51 to 100 of 169
Prev Page 2 of 4 Next

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 169

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 2,   lipid-P↑, 1,   OXPHOS↑, 3,   PYCR1↓, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 16,   SOD↓, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 3,   FGFR1↓, 1,   MMP↓, 5,   mtDam↑, 3,   OCR↓, 3,   OCR↑, 1,   PGC-1α↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACC↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 3,   CAIX↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 4,   ECAR↓, 4,   ENO1↓, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   GAPDH↓, 1,   glucose↑, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 10,   glut↓, 1,   GLUT2↓, 2,   Glycolysis↓, 22,   HK2↓, 14,   HK2∅, 1,   IDH1↑, 1,   lactateProd↓, 13,   LDH↓, 4,   LDHA↓, 14,   LDHA∅, 1,   PDHB↓, 1,   PDK1↓, 1,   PFK↓, 9,   PFK1↓, 2,   PFKP↓, 1,   PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, 1,   PKM1↑, 1,   PKM2↓, 37,   PKM2↑, 1,   p‑PKM2↓, 1,   PKM2:PKM1↓, 1,   Warburg↓, 2,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 8,   Apoptosis?, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 2,   Apoptosis↑, 8,   BAX↓, 1,   BAX↑, 3,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 2,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   proCasp3↓, 1,   cl‑Casp8↑, 2,   cFLIP↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   GSDMC↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   iNOS↑, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↝, 1,   p27↑, 2,   PUMA↑, 1,   Pyro↑, 1,   TRAIL↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

H3↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 4,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 2,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   p‑Hsc70↑, 1,   HSP90↓, 1,   HSP90∅, 1,   PERK↑, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

LC3B-II↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 2,   p62↓, 1,   p62↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 5,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

P53↑, 3,   PARP↓, 2,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   proPARP↓, 1,   SIRT6↑, 1,   TP53↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   p‑CDK1↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 4,   P21↓, 1,   P21↑, 3,   TumCCA↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 6,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CEBPB?, 1,   EMT↓, 6,   ERK↓, 2,   ERK↑, 1,   ERK↝, 1,   FOXO3↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC8↓, 1,   miR-34a↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 9,   P70S6K↓, 3,   PI3K↓, 3,   STAT3↓, 5,   p‑STAT3↓, 2,   STAT6↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 9,   Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

APP↓, 1,   i-Ca+2↑, 1,   CLDN2↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 3,   MMP3↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 2,   MMP9:TIMP1↓, 1,   MMPs↓, 1,   PKA↓, 2,   Snail↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TIMP1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 8,   TumCMig↓, 8,   TumCMig↑, 1,   TumCP↓, 10,   TumMeta↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   α-tubulin↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 3,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 4,   eNOS↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 10,   VEGF↓, 3,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 8,   GLUT3↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 2,   IKKα↑, 1,   IL10↓, 3,   IL1β↓, 2,   IL4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   Inflam↓, 2,   IRAK4↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 5,   p65↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 3,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

CDK6↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

ChemoSen↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 8,   Dose↝, 2,   Dose∅, 2,   eff↓, 4,   eff↑, 17,   RadioS↑, 4,   selectivity↑, 3,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   Ki-67↓, 1,   LDH↓, 4,   TP53↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↓, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   memory↑, 1,   OS↑, 3,   radioP↑, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,   TumW↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 190

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   Catalase↑, 1,   Copper↓, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GPx1↑, 2,   GPx4↑, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   Iron↓, 1,   MDA↓, 2,   OXPHOS↓, 2,   ROS↓, 4,   SOD↑, 2,   SOD1↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Insulin↓, 1,   mitResp↓, 1,   MMP↝, 1,   PGC-1α↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ECAR↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 2,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   Glycolysis↑, 2,   Glycolysis↝, 1,   HK2↓, 3,   HK2↑, 3,   lactateProd↓, 2,   LDHA↓, 1,   LDHA↑, 1,   PFK↓, 1,   PFKL↑, 2,   PFKM↑, 2,   PFKP↓, 1,   PFKP↑, 1,   PKM2↓, 7,   PKM2↑, 4,   SIRT1↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,   SIRT2↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↝, 1,   tumCV↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

HSP90↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   IGFR↓, 1,   p‑P70S6K↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TumCMig↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,   NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↑, 2,   GLUT4↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   CXCL1↓, 1,   HMGB1↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 3,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

pH↑, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   Dose↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   toxicity∅, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 74

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: PKM2, Pyruvate Kinase, Muscle 2
39 Shikonin
12 Metformin
9 Resveratrol
7 Artemisinin
7 Propolis -bee glue
7 Quercetin
6 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
6 Baicalein
6 Curcumin
5 Berberine
5 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
4 Capsaicin
4 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
3 Magnetic Fields
3 VitK3,menadione
3 Thymoquinone
3 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
2 2-DeoxyGlucose
2 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
2 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
2 Baicalin
2 Celastrol
2 Citric Acid
2 Emodin
2 flavonoids
2 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
2 Pterostilbene
2 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
2 Cisplatin
2 Ursolic acid
2 Vitamin D3
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
1 Betulinic acid
1 Butyrate
1 Caffeic acid
1 Chlorogenic acid
1 diet FMD Fasting Mimicking Diet
1 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
1 Chemotherapy
1 Ferulic acid
1 itraconazole
1 Kaempferol
1 lambertianic acid
1 Luteolin
1 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
1 Oroxylin-A
1 Pachymic acid
1 Proanthocyanidins
1 Phenylbutyrate
1 Ellagic acid
1 temozolomide
1 Tumor Treating Fields
1 Worenine
1 β‐Elemene
1 γ-Tocotrienol
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:772  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

Home Page