LDH Cancer Research Results

LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
LDH is a general term that refers to the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate. LDH is a tetrameric enzyme, meaning it is composed of four subunits.
LDH refers to the enzyme as a whole, while LDHA specifically refers to the M subunit. Elevated LDHA levels are often associated with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor behavior, similar to elevated LDH levels.
leakage of LDH is a well-known indicator of cell membrane integrity and cell viability [35]. LDH leakage results from the breakdown of the plasma membrane and alterations in membrane permeability, and is widely used as a cytotoxicity endpoint.

However, it's worth noting that some studies have shown that LDHA is a more specific and sensitive biomarker for cancer than total LDH, as it is more closely associated with the Warburg effect and cancer metabolism.

Dysregulated LDH activity contributes significantly to cancer development, promoting the Warburg effect (Chen et al., 2007), which involves increased glucose uptake and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen, to meet the energy demands of rapidly proliferating cancer cells (Warburg and Minami, 1923; Dai et al., 2016b). LDHA overexpression favors pyruvate to lactate conversion, leading to tumor microenvironment acidification and aiding cancer progression and metastasis.

Inhibitors:
Flavonoids, a group of polyphenols abundant in fruit, vegetables, and medicinal plants, function as LDH inhibitors.
LDH is used as a clinical biomarker for Synthetic liver function, nutrition

Tier A — Direct LDH Enzyme Inhibitors (Validated Catalytic Inhibition)

Rank Compound Type LDH Target Potency Level Primary Effect Notes
1 NCI-006 Research drug LDHA / LDHB High (in vivo active) Potent glycolysis suppression Modern benchmark LDH inhibitor used in metabolic oncology models.
2 (R)-GNE-140 Research drug LDHA (±LDHB) High (nM range reported) Lactate production ↓ Widely used experimental LDH inhibitor.
3 FX11 Research drug LDHA High (μM range) Metabolic crisis in LDHA-dependent tumors Classic LDHA inhibitor; often increases ROS secondary to metabolic stress.
4 Oxamate Tool compound LDH (pyruvate-competitive) Moderate (mM cellular use) Reduces lactate flux Classical LDH inhibitor; requires high concentrations in cells.
5 Gossypol Natural product derivative LDHA Moderate–High Glycolysis inhibition Also has other targets; safety considerations apply.
6 Galloflavin Natural compound LDH isoforms Moderate Lactate production ↓ One of the better-supported “natural-like” LDH inhibitors.

Tier B — Indirect LDH-Axis Modulators (Glycolysis / Lactate Reduction Without Confirmed Direct Catalytic Inhibition)

Rank Compound Mechanism Type LDH Claim Type Primary Axis Notes / Caution
1 Lonidamine MCT/MPC modulation Lactate axis inhibition Metabolic transport blockade Better classified as lactate/pyruvate transport modulator.
2 Stiripentol Repurposed drug LDH pathway modulation Metabolic axis modulation Emerging oncology interest; primarily neurological drug.
3 Quercetin Flavonoid Reported LDH inhibition (mixed evidence) NF-κB / PI3K modulation Often LDH-release confusion; direct enzymatic proof limited.
4 Ursolic acid Triterpenoid Reported LDH interaction Warburg modulation More credible as metabolic signaling modulator.
5 Fisetin Flavonoid Docking / indirect reports Apoptosis / survival signaling Enzyme inhibition not well validated.
6 Resveratrol Polyphenol Indirect glycolysis suppression AMPK / HIF-1α modulation Reduces lactate via upstream signaling.
7 Curcumin Polyphenol Indirect LDH expression modulation Inflammation + metabolic signaling Bioavailability limits translational strength.
8 Berberine Alkaloid Indirect metabolic modulation AMPK activation Closer to metformin-like metabolic pressure.
9 Honokiol Lignan Indirect glycolysis effects Survival pathway suppression Not validated as catalytic LDH inhibitor.
10 Silibinin Flavonolignan Mixed / indirect reports Inflammation + metabolic axis Often misclassified as LDH inhibitor.
11 Kaempferol Flavonoid Often LDH-release marker confusion Glucose transport / signaling Do not list as direct LDH inhibitor without enzyme data.
12 Oleanolic acid / Limonin / Allicin / Taurine Natural compounds Weak / indirect evidence General metabolic modulation Should not be categorized as true LDH inhibitors.

Tier A = Direct catalytic LDH inhibition (enzyme-level validation).
Tier B = Indirect lactate reduction or glycolytic modulation without strong catalytic inhibition evidence.
Important: LDH release assays (cell damage marker) are not proof of LDH enzymatic inhibition.



Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1606- EA,    Ellagic acid inhibits proliferation and induced apoptosis via the Akt signaling pathway in HCT-15 colon adenocarcinoma cells
- in-vitro, Colon, HCT15
TumCP↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Apoptosis↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, ROS↑, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, Bcl-2↓, TumCCA↑, Dose∅, ALP↓, LDH↓, PCNA↓, P53↑, Bax:Bcl2↑,
1516- EGCG,    Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): Pharmacological Properties, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, NA, NA
*Dose∅, Half-Life∅, BioAv∅, BBB↑, toxicity∅, eff↓, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑PARP↑, DNMTs↓, Telomerase↓, angioG↓, Hif1a↓, NF-kB↓, MMPs↓, BAX↑, Bak↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, P53↑, PTEN↑, IGF-1↓, H3↓, HDAC1↓, *LDH↓, *ROS↓,
6333- Eug,  Cisplatin,  Rad,    Eugenol Exerts Apoptotic Effect and Modulates the Sensitivity of HeLa Cells to Cisplatin and Radiation
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
TumCP↓, LDH↝, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, IL1β↓, ROS↑, NF-kB↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, TumCCA↓, Thiols↓, GSH↓,
6330- Eug,    Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Eugenol in Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancement
- Review, Var, NA
TumCD↑, TumCCA↑, AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, angioG↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, ChemoSen↑, ALDH↓, NF-kB↓, IL6↓, IL8↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑PARP↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, EMT↓, N-cadherin↓, Snail↓, E-cadherin↑, SOX2↓, ROS↑, PCNA↓, MMP1↓, Cyt‑c↑, LDH↑, CSCs↓, OCT4↓, NOTCH1↓, EpCAM↓, CD44↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, VEGF↓, TIMP2↑, eff↑, Ca+2↑, TumVol↓, DNAdam↑, GSH↓, H2O2↑, lipid-P↑,
6865- FA,    Ferulic Acid Regulates GSDMD through the ROS/JNK/Bax Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway to Induce Pyroptosis in Lung Cancer
- in-vitro, Lung, NA
TumCP↓, MMP↓, LDH↑, Pyro↑, GSDMD↑, ROS↑, JNK↑, BAX↑,
1654- FA,    Molecular mechanism of ferulic acid and its derivatives in tumor progression
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Inflam↓, RadioS↑, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↑, TumCI↓, angioG↓, ChemoSen↑, ChemoSideEff↓, P53↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, TumW↓, miR-34a↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, BAX↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, SOD↓, GSH↓, LDH↓, ERK↑, eff↑, JAK2↓, STAT6↓, NF-kB↓, PYCR1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Ki-67↓, VEGF↓, FGFR1↓, EMT↓, CAIX↓, LC3II↑, p62↑, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, *BioAv↓,
2841- FIS,    Fisetin, an Anti-Inflammatory Agent, Overcomes Radioresistance by Activating the PERK-ATF4-CHOP Axis in Liver Cancer
- in-vitro, Nor, RAW264.7 - in-vitro, Liver, HepG2 - in-vitro, Liver, Hep3B - in-vitro, Liver, HUH7
*Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, Apoptosis↓, ER Stress↑, Ca+2↑, PERK↑, ATF4↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑, GRP78/BiP↑, tumCV↓, LDH↑, Casp3↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp9↑, p‑eIF2α↑, RadioS↑,
987- GA,    Targeting Aerobic Glycolysis: Gallic Acid as Promising Anticancer Drug
- in-vitro, GBM, AMGM - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, BC, MCF7
LDH↓, TumCG↓,
7050- Gallo,    Galloflavin suppresses lactate dehydrogenase activity and causes MYC downregulation in Burkitt lymphoma cells through NAD/NADH-dependent inhibition of sirtuin-1
- in-vitro, lymphoma, NA
LDH↓,
7051- Gallo,  MET,    Galloflavin Plus Metformin Treatment Impairs Pancreatic Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, PC, MIA PaCa-2
LDH↓, TumCP↓, TumCD↑, eff↑,
7052- Gallo,    Galloflavin Relieves the Malignant Behavior of Colorectal Cancer Cells in the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment
- in-vivo, Colon, SW48
TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, NLRP3↓, LDH↓, Inflam↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, IL1β↓,
935- Gallo,    Galloflavin, a new lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, induces the death of human breast cancer cells with different glycolytic attitude by affecting distinct signaling pathways
- in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
LDH↓, ROS↑, TumCP↓, Glycolysis↓, ATP↓, ER-α36↓, Apoptosis?,
934- Gallo,    Galloflavin (CAS 568-80-9): a novel inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase
- Analysis, NA, NA
LDH↓, Glycolysis↓, Apoptosis↑,
5207- Gallo,    Targeting pancreatic cancer with combinatorial treatment of CPI-613 and inhibitors of lactate metabolism
LDH↓, TumCP↓, TumCG∅,
5205- Gallo,    Evaluation of the anti-tumor effects of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor galloflavin in endometrial cancer cells
- in-vitro, Endo, ISH
LDH↓, TumCG↓, LDHA↓, Apoptosis↑, cl‑Casp3↑, Mcl-1↓, Bcl-2↓, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, mt-DNAdam↑, GlucoseCon↓, ATP↓, PDH↑, Pyruv↑, Glycolysis↓, TCA↑, cMyc↓, E-cadherin↑, Slug↓,
841- Gra,    The Chemopotential Effect of Annona muricata Leaves against Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci in Rats and the Apoptotic Effect of Acetogenin Annomuricin E in HT-29 Cells: A Bioassay-Guided Approach
- in-vitro, CRC, HT-29 - in-vitro, Nor, CCD841
PCNA↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, *MDA↓, lipid-P↓, TumCG↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, *ROS↓, LDH↓, *toxicity↓, selectivity↑,
854- Gra,  AgNPs,    Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Annona muricata Extract as an Inducer of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells and Inhibitor for NLRP3 Inflammasome via Enhanced Autophagy
- vitro+vivo, AML, THP1 - in-vitro, AML, AMJ13 - vitro+vivo, lymphoma, HBL
TumCP↓, TumAuto↑, IL1↓, NLRP3↓, Apoptosis↑, mtDam↑, P53↑, LDH↓,
2901- HNK,  doxoR,    Honokiol protects against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity via improving mitochondrial function in mouse hearts
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*mitResp↑, *PPARγ↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑, *SOD2↑, *LDH↓,
7546- HYP,    Hyperoside attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced L02 cell damage via MAPK-dependent Keap₁-Nrf₂-ARE signaling pathway
- in-vitro, Nor, L02
*TAC↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *ROS↓, *MMP↓, *LDH↑, *HO-1↑, *NRF2↑,
7759- ISL,  Rad,    Isoliquiritigenin, a Bioactive Blood Component Derived from Licorice, Activates Nrf2 Enzymes to Confer Protection Against Radiation-Induced Nerve Injury
- vitro+vivo, Nor, PC12
*radioP↑, *LDH↓, *ROS↓, *SOD1↑, *GSH↑, *TAC↑, *NRF2↓, *cognitive↑, *Learn↑, *memory↑,
7760- ISL,    Pharmacological Potentials and Delivery Strategies of Isoliquiritigenin: Challenges and Advances in Enhancing Bioavailability
- Review, Nor, NA
*BioAv↓, GlucoseCon↓, LDH↓, PDK1↓, Glycolysis↓, mt-OXPHOS↓, Bax:Bcl2↓, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp9↑, Apoptosis↑, Hif1a↓, ROS↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *cardioP↑, *RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *NF-kB↓, *NLRP3↓, *Pyro↓, *antiPs↑, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, BioAv↑, BioAv↑, BioAv↑,
7766- ISL,    Isoliquiritigenin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/SLC7a11/GPX4 axis in mice
- in-vivo, Stroke, NA
*ROS↓, *MDA↓, *LDH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *NRF2↑, *i-Iron↓, *GPx4↑, *xCT/SLC7A11↑, *lipid-P↓, *Ferroptosis↓, *HO-1↑, *ACSL4↓, *mtDam↓, *Stroke↓,
7885- isoO,    Isoorientin from Gypsophila elegans induces apoptosis in liver cancer cells via mitochondrial-mediated pathway
Dose↝, tumCV↓, TumCP↓, LDH↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑,
2534- M-Blu,  doxoR,  PDT,    Methylene Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Combination With Doxorubicin: A Novel Approach in the Treatment of HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HT-29
LDH↑, ROS↑,
2531- M-Blu,    Anticancer activity of methylene blue via inhibition of heat shock protein 70
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vivo, NA, NA
tumCV↓, HSP70/HSPA5↓, LDH↓, SOD↑,
4528- MAG,    Pharmacology, Toxicity, Bioavailability, and Formulation of Magnolol: An Update
- Review, Nor, NA
*Inflam↑, *cardioP↑, *angioG↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *Bacteria↓, AntiTum↑, TumCG↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, E-cadherin↑, NF-kB↓, TumCCA↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, PCNA↓, Ki-67↓, MMP2↓, MMP7↓, MMP9↓, TumCG↓, Casp3↑, NF-kB↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, LDH↓, Ca+2↑, eff↑, *toxicity↓, *BioAv↝, *PGE2↓, *TLR2↓, *TLR4↓, *MAPK↓, *PPARγ↓,
3475- MF,    A Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Protects against Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity by Modulating the Endocannabinoid System in HT22 Cells
- in-vitro, Nor, HT22 - Review, AD, NA
*Apoptosis↓, *LDH↓, *neuroP↑, *toxicity∅, *IL1β↓, *Inflam↓, *IL10↑, *TNF-α↓,
2042- PB,    Phenylbutyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against Adriamycin-induced cardiac injury
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*HDAC↓, *toxicity↓, *LDH↓, *SOD2↑, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑, *antiOx↑,
1672- PBG,    The Potential Use of Propolis as an Adjunctive Therapy in Breast Cancers
- Review, BC, NA
ChemoSen↓, RadioS↑, Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, Dose∅, mtDam↑, Apoptosis?, OCR↓, ATP↓, ROS↑, ROS↑, LDH↓, TP53↓, Casp3↓, BAX↓, P21↓, ROS↑, eNOS↑, iNOS↑, eff↑, hTERT/TERT↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, STAT3↓, TIMP1↓, IL4↓, IL10↓, OS↑, Dose∅, ER Stress↑, ROS↑, NF-kB↓, p65↓, MMP↓, TumAuto↑, LC3II↑, p62↓, TLR4↓, mtDam↑, LDH↓, ROS↑, Glycolysis↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, PKM2↓, LDH↓, IL10↓, HDAC8↓, eff↑, eff↑, P21↑,
1682- PBG,    Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits
- Review, Var, NA
i-LDH↓, Akt↓, MAPK↓, NF-kB↓, IL1β↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, iNOS↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, ROS↓, Bcl-2↓, PARP↓, P53↑, BAX↑, Casp3↑, TumCCA↑, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓, eff↑,
1663- PBG,    Propolis and Their Active Constituents for Chronic Diseases
- Review, Var, NA
NF-kB↓, Casp↓, Fas↓, DNAdam↑, Casp3↑, P53↝, MMP↝, ROS↑, mtDam↑, Dose?, angioG↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, BAX↑, selectivity↑, MMP↓, LDH↓, IL6↓, IL1β↓, TNF-α↓,
2430- PBG,    The cytotoxic effects of propolis on breast cancer cells involve PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCP↓, TP53↓, Casp3↓, BAX↓, P21↓, ROS↑, eff↓, MMP↓, LDH↑, ATP↓, Ca+2↑,
2972- PL,    Piperlongumine Is an NLRP3 Inhibitor With Anti-inflammatory Activity
- in-vitro, AML, THP1
NLRP3↓, IL1β↓, LDH↓, cl‑Casp1↓, Inflam↓,
4968- PSO,    Psoralidin: emerging biological activities of therapeutic benefits and its potential utility in cervical cancer
- in-vitro, Cerv, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *Bacteria↓, AntiTum↑, CSCs↓, ROS↑, TumAuto↑, Apoptosis↑, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, BioAv↓, *cardioP↑, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, TumCP↓, TRAIL⇅, TumCMig↓, EMT↓, NF-kB↓, P53↑, Casp3↑, NOTCH↓, CSCs↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, Ki-67↓, CD31/PECAM-1↓, TRAILR↑, MMP↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↑,
3611- QC,    Quercetin and vitamin C supplementation: effects on lipid profile and muscle damage in male athletes
- Trial, Nor, NA
*eff↝, *LDH↓,
3374- QC,    Therapeutic effects of quercetin in oral cancer therapy: a systematic review of preclinical evidence focused on oxidative damage, apoptosis and anti-metastasis
- Review, Oral, NA - Review, AD, NA
α-SMA↓, α-SMA↑, TumCP↓, tumCV↓, TumVol↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, TumCMig↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, BioAv↓, *neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *Aβ↓, *cardioP↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, Twist↓, Slug↓, Ca+2↑, AIF↑, Endon↑, P-gp/ABCB1↓, LDH↑, HK2↓, PKA↓, Glycolysis↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, GRP78/BiP↑, Casp12↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑,
3369- QC,    Pharmacological basis and new insights of quercetin action in respect to its anti-cancer effects
- Review, Pca, NA
FAK↓, TumCCA↑, p‑pRB↓, CDK2↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDK1↓, EMT↓, PI3K↓, MAPK↓, Wnt↓, ROS↑, miR-21↑, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, FasL↑, Bak↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↓, Casp9↑, P53↑, p38↑, MAPK↑, Cyt‑c↑, PARP↓, CHOP/DDIT3↑, ROS↓, LDH↑, GRP78/BiP↑, ERK↑, MDA↓, SOD↑, GSH↑, NRF2↑, VEGF↓, PDGF↓, EGF↓, FGF↓, TNF-α↓, TGF-β↓, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, EGFR↓, FGFR1↓, mTOR↓, cMyc↓, MMPs↓, LC3B-II↑, Beclin-1↑, IL1β↓, CRP↓, IL10↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, IL6↓, TLR4↓, Shh↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, NOTCH↓, DR5↑, HSP70/HSPA5↓, CSCs↓, angioG↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGFBP3↑, uPA↓, uPAR↓, RAS↓, Raf↓, TSP-1↑,
98- QC,    Quercetin postconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through the PI3K/Akt pathway
- in-vivo, Stroke, NA
*Bcl-2↑, *BAX↓, *Bax:Bcl2↓, *cardioP↑, *Akt↑, *PI3K↑, *LDH↓,
2332- RES,    Resveratrol’s Anti-Cancer Effects through the Modulation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism
- Review, Var, NA
Glycolysis↓, GLUT1↓, PFK1↓, Hif1a↓, ROS↑, PDH↑, AMPK↑, TumCG↓, TumCI↓, TumCP↓, p‑NF-kB↓, SIRT1↑, SIRT3↑, LDH↓, PI3K↓, mTOR↓, PKM2↓, R5P↝, G6PD↓, TKT↝, talin↓, HK2↓, GRP78/BiP↑, GlucoseCon↓, ER Stress↑, Warburg↓, PFK↓,
323- Sal,  AgNPs,    Combination of salinomycin and silver nanoparticles enhances apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells: an effective anticancer therapy
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S
TumCD↑, LDH↓, MDA↑, SOD↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, Catalase↓, MMP↓, P53↑, P21↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑,
4488- Se,  Chit,  PEG,    Anticancer effect of selenium/chitosan/polyethylene glycol/allyl isothiocyanate nanocomposites against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer in rats
- in-vivo, Liver, HepG2 - in-vivo, Nor, HL7702
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, *GSH↑, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GR↑, ALAT↓, ALP↓, AST↓, LDH↓, selectivity↑, eff↑,
4480- SeNPs,  Chit,    Biogenic synthesized selenium nanoparticles combined chitosan nanoparticles controlled lung cancer growth via ROS generation and mitochondrial damage pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, HK-2
selectivity↑, *toxicity↓, ROS↑, mtDam↑, Apoptosis↑, LDH↑,
4443- SeNPs,    Bioogenic selenium and its hepatoprotective activity
- in-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*hepatoP↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *LDH↓, *lipid-P?,
3184- SFN,    The Integrative Role of Sulforaphane in Preventing Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Fatigue: A Review of a Potential Protective Phytochemical
- Review, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *ROS↓, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *cardioP↑, *GPx↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *HO-1↑, *NADPH↑, *NQO1↑, *LDH↓, *hepatoP↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *IL6↓,
3330- SIL,    Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin
- Review, Var, NA
*neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, *cardioP↑, *antiOx↓, *NLRP3↓, *NAD↑, ROS↓, NLRP3↓, TumCMig↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *iNOS↓, *MPO↓, *AChE↓, *LDH↓, *Telomerase↓, *Fas↓,
2181- SK,    Shikonin and its analogs inhibit cancer cell glycolysis by targeting tumor pyruvate kinase-M2
- in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
Glycolysis↓, lactateProd↓, GlucoseCon↓, PKM2↓, LDH∅,
3040- SK,    Pharmacological Properties of Shikonin – A Review of Literature since 2002
- Review, Var, NA - Review, IBD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Half-Life↝, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↑, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *other↑, *MPO↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *NF-kB↑, *STAT3↑, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *neuroP↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *Bcl-2↑, *BAX↓, cardioP↑, AntiCan↑, NF-kB↓, ROS↑, PKM2↓, TumCCA↑, Necroptosis↑, Apoptosis↑, DNAdam↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, LDH↝,
1284- SK,    Shikonin induces ferroptosis in multiple myeloma via GOT1-mediated ferritinophagy
- in-vitro, Melanoma, RPMI-8226 - in-vitro, Melanoma, U266
Ferroptosis↑, LDH↓, ROS↑, Iron↑, lipid-P↑, ATP↓, HMGB1↓, GPx4↓, MDA↑, SOD↓, GSH↓,
3955- Taur,    Mechanism of neuroprotective function of taurine
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*Ca+2↓, *MMP↑, *Apoptosis↓, *Bcl-2↑, *cal2↓, *LDH↓,
3953- Taur,    Role of taurine in regulation of intracellular calcium level and neuroprotective function in cultured neurons
- in-vitro, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Ca+2↓, *LDH↓,

Showing Research Papers: 51 to 100 of 110
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 110

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   GPx4↓, 1,   GSH↓, 5,   GSH↑, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   Iron↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 2,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 2,   NRF2↑, 1,   mt-OXPHOS↓, 1,   PYCR1↓, 1,   ROS↓, 3,   ROS↑, 25,   SIRT3↑, 1,   SOD↓, 3,   SOD↑, 2,   Thiols↓, 1,   TKT↝, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   ATP↓, 5,   EGF↓, 1,   FGFR1↓, 2,   MMP↓, 11,   MMP↝, 1,   mtDam↑, 5,   OCR↓, 1,   Raf↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 1,   CAIX↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 3,   G6PD↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 5,   Glycolysis↓, 9,   HK2↓, 3,   lactateProd↓, 2,   LDH↓, 24,   LDH↑, 9,   LDH↝, 2,   LDH∅, 1,   i-LDH↓, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   PDH↑, 2,   PDK1↓, 1,   PFK↓, 2,   PFK1↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 5,   Pyruv↑, 1,   R5P↝, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,   TCA↑, 1,   Warburg↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 5,   Apoptosis?, 2,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 15,   Bak↑, 2,   BAX↓, 2,   BAX↑, 11,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 2,   Bcl-2↓, 11,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp↓, 1,   cl‑Casp1↓, 1,   Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↓, 3,   Casp3↑, 12,   cl‑Casp3↑, 4,   Casp7↑, 1,   cl‑Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 5,   cl‑Casp9↑, 3,   Cyt‑c↑, 10,   DR5↑, 1,   Endon↑, 1,   Fas↓, 1,   FasL↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   GSDMD↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   iNOS↑, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 2,   MAPK↑, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 1,   Necroptosis↑, 1,   p38↑, 1,   Pyro↑, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TRAIL⇅, 1,   TRAILR↑, 1,   TumCD↑, 3,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

H3↓, 1,   miR-21↑, 1,   p‑pRB↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 5,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↑, 3,   p‑eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 3,   GRP78/BiP↑, 4,   HSP70/HSPA5↓, 2,   PERK↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 1,   LC3B-II↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 2,   p62↓, 1,   p62↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 4,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 3,   mt-DNAdam↑, 1,   DNMTs↓, 1,   P53↑, 8,   P53↝, 1,   PARP↓, 2,   cl‑PARP↑, 2,   PCNA↓, 4,   TP53↓, 2,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↑, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 4,   P21↓, 2,   P21↑, 2,   TumCCA↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 9,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ALDH↓, 1,   CD44↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 4,   EMT↓, 5,   EpCAM↓, 1,   ERK↑, 2,   FGF↓, 1,   HDAC1↓, 1,   HDAC8↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   IGFBP3↑, 1,   miR-34a↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 4,   NOTCH↓, 2,   NOTCH1↓, 1,   OCT4↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 4,   PTEN↑, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   Shh↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   STAT6↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 6,   TumCG∅, 1,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 5,   CD31/PECAM-1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 3,   ER-α36↓, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 3,   MMP1↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 4,   MMP7↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 4,   MMPs↓, 3,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   PDGF↓, 1,   PKA↓, 1,   Slug↓, 2,   Snail↓, 1,   talin↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TIMP1↓, 1,   TIMP2↑, 1,   TSP-1↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 6,   TumCMig↓, 6,   TumCMig↑, 1,   TumCP↓, 13,   TumMeta↓, 2,   Twist↓, 1,   uPA↓, 1,   uPAR↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,   α-SMA↑, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 6,   ATF4↑, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   eNOS↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 3,   VEGF↓, 4,   VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,   GLUT1↓, 1,   P-gp/ABCB1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 4,   CRP↓, 1,   HMGB1↓, 1,   IL1↓, 1,   IL10↓, 3,   IL1β↓, 6,   IL4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 5,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 4,   JAK2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 12,   p‑NF-kB↓, 1,   p65↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 4,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

CDK6↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 3,   BioAv↑, 4,   BioAv∅, 1,   ChemoSen↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 4,   Dose?, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   Dose∅, 3,   eff↓, 2,   eff↑, 13,   Half-Life∅, 1,   RadioS↑, 5,   selectivity↑, 4,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ALP↓, 2,   AST↓, 1,   CRP↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 5,   Ki-67↓, 3,   LDH↓, 24,   LDH↑, 9,   LDH↝, 2,   LDH∅, 1,   i-LDH↓, 1,   TP53↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 4,   AntiTum↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 1,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   OS↑, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,   TumVol↓, 2,   TumW↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 254

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

Learn↑, 1,   Stroke↓, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 5,   Catalase↑, 4,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   GPx↑, 5,   GPx4↑, 1,   GSH↑, 2,   HO-1↑, 3,   i-Iron↓, 1,   lipid-P?, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   MDA↓, 2,   MPO↓, 2,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 3,   ROS↓, 11,   SOD↑, 4,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 2,   TAC↑, 2,   VitC↑, 1,   VitE↑, 1,   xCT/SLC7A11↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

mitResp↑, 1,   MMP↓, 1,   MMP↑, 1,   mtDam↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ACSL4↓, 1,   ALAT↓, 2,   LDH↓, 13,   LDH↑, 2,   NAD↑, 1,   NADPH↑, 1,   PPARγ↓, 1,   PPARγ↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↑, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 2,   BAX↓, 2,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 3,   Fas↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   Pyro↓, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

HDAC↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 1,   STAT3↑, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↓, 2,   cal2↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 2,   IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 2,   IL6↓, 3,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 7,   Inflam↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 2,   NF-kB↑, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TLR2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 3,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 2,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

GR↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 3,   BioAv↑, 2,   BioAv↝, 5,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↝, 1,   Half-Life↝, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   AST↓, 2,   IL6↓, 3,   LDH↓, 13,   LDH↑, 2,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiDiabetic↑, 2,   antiPs↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 9,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 3,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 7,   radioP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 4,   toxicity∅, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 96

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase
13 Silver-NanoParticles
7 Galloflavin
5 Carvacrol
4 Propolis -bee glue
4 Quercetin
3 3-bromopyruvate
3 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
3 Isoliquiritigenin
3 Shikonin
3 Thymoquinone
3 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
3 Vitexin
2 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
2 Berberine
2 Betulinic acid
2 Metformin
2 Centella asiatica / Gotu kola → asiaticoside
2 Chlorogenic acid
2 Ellagic acid
2 Eugenol
2 Radiotherapy/Radiation
2 Ferulic acid
2 Graviola
2 doxorubicin
2 Methylene blue
2 chitosan
2 Selenium NanoParticles
2 Taurine
1 5-Aminolevulinic acid
1 Anthocyanins
1 entinostat
1 Glucose
1 Ajoene (compound of Garlic)
1 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
1 Anethole/trans-Anethole
1 Artemisinin
1 2-DeoxyGlucose
1 Baicalein
1 Boswellia (frankincense)
1 brusatol
1 Brucea javanica
1 Caffeic acid
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
1 Chrysin
1 Citric Acid
1 Crocetin
1 Curcumin
1 Dichloroacetate
1 Docosahexaenoic Acid
1 D-limonene
1 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
1 Cisplatin
1 Fisetin
1 Gallic acid
1 Honokiol
1 Hyperoside
1 isoorientin
1 Photodynamic Therapy
1 Magnolol
1 Magnetic Fields
1 Phenylbutyrate
1 Piperlongumine
1 Psoralidin
1 Resveratrol
1 salinomycin
1 Selenium
1 polyethylene glycol
1 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
1 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
1 5-fluorouracil
1 Wogonin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:906  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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